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Biomedical subjects

M Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to M Campbell.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Haloperidol-related dyskinesias and pre- and perinatal complications in autistic children.

It has been hypothesized that an association exists between pre- and perinatal complications, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and the development of tardive (TD) and withdrawal dyskinesias (WD). We assessed the relationship between pre- and perinatal complications and TD/WD in a sample of 118 children with autism who participated in an ongoing long-term prospective study of the efficacy and safety of haloperidol. The mean total Rochester Research Obstetrical Scale (ROS) score was significantly higher for children who developed TD/WD compared to those who did not (p = .007) as was the mean score of the ROS Delivery Scale (p = .002). Anesthesia during delivery was more frequent in children who developed TD/WD (25 of 40, 62.5%) than in those who did not (30 of 78, 38.5%) (p = .019). The ROS Not Vertex Presentation item and TD/WD were associated only in females (p = .019). Six of 7 males with short labor developed TD/WD (p = .007). ROS scores did not differ significantly as a function of gender or socio-economic status (SES). Pre- and perinatal complications appear to be related to the development of TD/WD in this sample of children.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of live and videotape ratings: clomipramine and haloperidol in autism.

This study compared live ratings with ratings of videotapes and compared response to clomipramine with response to haloperidol in 8 subjects, mean age 5.62 years, who met criteria for autism. They were consecutive admissions to a pilot study of clomipramine (n = 4) or a double-blind, placebo controlled study of haloperidol (n = 4). Live ratings were performed by two raters at the end of the pre-treatment placebo baseline period and at the end of the drug treatment period on the CPRS and the CGI and were videotaped. Employing the same instruments, these videotapes were rated by two raters who did not know the subjects and were blind to study design, treatment, and study phase. Ratings of videotapes significantly differed from live ratings. A treatment effect for haloperidol was detected only on live ratings and not on ratings of videotapes. No treatment effect was detected for clomipramine in either live or videotape ratings.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1995

Schizophrenia in hospitalized adolescents: clinical diagnosis, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 criteria.

The DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 criteria were tested in hospitalized adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders employing a retrospective chart review. The charts of 111 patients, ages 11 to 17 years, representing consecutive admissions to Bellevue Hospital Center over a period of 18 months were reviewed. Thirty patients had a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders on admission and were selected for the present study. The 30 patients were independently rediagnosed using the criteria of DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and ICD-10. Schizophrenia was diagnosed clinically in 6 patients, 10 met DSM-III-R criteria, 9 met DSM-IV criteria, and 12 met the ICD-10 criteria. Agreement for schizophrenia was high across the diagnostic systems. The clinical diagnosis of psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified (NOS) was overinclusive. The mean number of psychotic symptoms per subject was 2.66 (range 1-6). We found no significant relationship between the frequency or type of symptoms and the age or gender of subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Sudan: situational analysis of maternal health in Bara District, North Kordofan.

A high maternal mortality ratio was estimated in Bara District in Sudan during the late 1980's with approximately 407 women dying per 100,000 live births. In order to design effective intervention strategies, Care International and the Ministry of Health in Sudan conducted a study to identify the attitudes of women, staff, and TBAs towards motherhood, prenatal care, and practices affecting the health of women in the district. The previously conducted training programme for TBAs was also assessed in its impact. The study yielded the following results: in addition to the commonly known risk factors for maternal health e.g. haemorrhage, puerperal infection, obstructed labour, and anemia, the women in the villages and health staff identified female genital mutilation (pharaonic circumcision) as a major threat to safe motherhood. Health seeking behaviour was linked to problems of access and perceived quality of care: women did generally not wish to spend more than 30 minutes for reaching a facility. But if the quality of a particular institution was considered good, and supplies and equipment were available, women would cover great distances to reach such a facility. Participation in prenatal care suffered from the equation of preventive with curative care. Women would therefore tend to turn to a clinic or service provider, if symptoms of illness occurred during a pregnancy. The village-based services suffered from the lack of equipment and poor staff training, which further undermined the motivation to seek prenatal care. When health staff recommended referral of a pregnant women for delivery, the advice was usually followed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1995

An update on the use of lithium carbonate in aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder.

Although some knowledge has been gained concerning indications, therapeutic dose range, and safety of lithium in aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder, only a few double-blind and placebo-controlled studies have been conducted. A survey of the literature indicates that the four major studies are in disagreement as to lithium's ability to reduce aggression. Differences in duration of treatment, subject status, and subject selection may account for the differences in results. Methodologic issues that need to be addressed in future clinical trials involving this population are commented on and include the measurement and subtyping of aggression and assessment of psychosocial factors. Such research is needed to establish not only the role and efficacy of lithium in the treatment of aggression but also the effectiveness of this psychoactive agent in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lithium in hospitalized aggressive children with conduct disorder: a double-blind and placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess critically the efficacy and safety of lithium and replicate earlier findings in a larger sample of aggressive children with conduct disorder and to assess the utility of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in this population. METHODS: Children hospitalized for treatment-refractory severe aggressiveness and explosiveness and with diagnosed conduct disorder were subjects in this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. After a 2-week placebo baseline period, children were randomly assigned to lithium or placebo treatment for 6 weeks of placebo. The main outcome measures were the Global Clinical Judgments (Consensus) Scale, Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale, Conners Teacher Questionnaire, Parent-Teacher Questionnaire, and the POMS. RESULTS: Fifty children (mean age 9.4 years) completed this study. The mean optimal daily dose of lithium was 1,248 mg and the mean serum level was 1.12 mEq/L. Lithium was superior to placebo, although the effects on some measures were more modest than in a previous study. CONCLUSIONS: Lithium appears to be an effective treatment for some severely aggressive children with conduct disorder. Although the POMS appeared to be reliable, it did not detect any response to lithium.

Aggression↗
PubMed1995

Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. An unusual cause of back pain in an adolescent.

Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis represents a rare bone disorder that affects prepubescent children of both sexes. The diagnosis is generally one of exclusion, ruling out other potential metabolic bone diseases. Here, the authors present a representative case of this rare disorder in an otherwise healthy male, along with the clinical history, physical presentation, and review of the available literature. Finally, it is important to note that patients with this disorder often have profound involvement of the spinal column with multiple compression fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Is the timing of withdrawal bleeding a guide to endometrial safety during sequential oestrogen-progestagen replacement therapy? UK Continuous Combined HRT Study Investigators.

Current regimens of sequential hormone replacement therapy are based on data that show a protective effect on the endometrium of at least 10 days of progestagen. In clinical practice, onset of bleeding on or after day 11 of the progestagen phase is taken as reassurance of a normal endometrium. 413 postmenopausal women taking oestrogen-progestagen hormone replacement therapy with 10 or 12 days of progestagen per cycle completed bleeding diaries for 3 months before endometrial biopsy. For most women, bleeding started around the 13th day after starting progestagen. There was no correlation between endometrial histology and timing of onset of bleeding. 11 (2.7%) women had complex endometrial hyperplasia. The prevalence of hyperplasia was 2.4% with 10 days of progestagen per cycle and 2.8% with 12 days [corrected]. The timing of onset of withdrawal bleeding during oestrogen-progestagen HRT does not predict endometrial hyperplasia.

Endometrium↗