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Biomedical subjects

M C Smith

Publications and source records attributed to M C Smith.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The cost of drugs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1976

Constant returns to scale for prescription dispensing in U.S. community pharmacy.

By using data from a sample of 1767 community pharmacies, a total cost function was estimated by a polynomial regression of total cost on output. The Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated by a multiple linear regression of natural logarithmic transformations of output on natural logarithmic transformation of labor and capital. No economies of scale were found in prescription departments. Cost data led to a conclusion of constant marginal costs.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1976

Mineral and nitrogen balance study observations: the second manned Skylab mission.

A metabolic study of the effects of space flight on various chemical elements, particularly those with special revelance to the musculoskeletal system, was carried out on the three astronauts of the SL-3 mission for 21 d preflight, during the 60 d flight phase, and for 17 d postflight. The study required of the cooperating crewmen quite constant dietary intake, continuous 24-hour urine collections and total fecal collections. Urinary calcium was significantly increased during flight in all three crewmen with man-to-man variation in pattern and amount; the degree of calcium loss was, in general, similar to that in the prior study of the 28-d Skylab flight (SL-2). The similarity to bedrest immobilization in the pattern of urinary calcium increases and of total calcium shifts suggested that calcium losses would continue for a very long time. Significant losses of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred that were associated with observed reduction in muscle tissue. Both mineral and muscle losses occurred despite vigorous exercise regimens during flight. It was concluded that these studies give warning that capable musculoskeletal function may be significantly impaired during prolonged space flights lasting 1.5 to 3 years unless protective measures are developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Drug therapy of patients treated in hospitals for duodenal ulcers.

Drug therapy in hospitalized patients treated for duodenal ulcer disease was reviewed retrospectively. The information was obtained by the means of a medical audit of patient records indexed by the discharge diagnosis of duodenal ulcers. A total of 485 cases were abstracted. Antacids were found to be the cornerstone of duodenal ulcer drug therapy. Anticholinergic drugs occupied a central role throughout the medical treatment of duodenal ulcers. The investigators identified a need for the dissemination of information concerning the use of anticholinergics in duodenal ulcer patients experiencing the complications of hemorrhage and obstruction.

Antacids↗
PubMed1975

Histological findings after hemicerebellectomy in man: anterograde, retrograde and transneuronal degeneration.

Histological changes are described in the brain of a patient in whom a hemicerebellectomy had been performed 14 years before death. There is cell and fibre loss, partial or total, in nuclei known to have direct connections with the cerebellum. In some nuclei the sequel to cell loss is marked fibrillary gliosis. In other nuclei the cells have disappeared without trace. The degeneration of these tracts with a direct connection with the cerebellum has also led to degeneration of other tracts in synaptic relationship with them. This transneuronal degeneration has occurred in the corticopontine tracts and in the central tegmental tract, in the former definitely, and in the latter probably, retrogradely. It is probable that transneuronal degeneration has also occurred in other tracts. The extent of the degeneration and, in particular, the occurrence of overt transneuronal degeneration, suggest that the examination of material after a very long term of survival might be of value in experimental work concerned with mapping neuroanatomical networks.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Lack of relationship between activity of chromatin-bound proteinase and cell growth rates.

Proteinase associated with chromatin isolated from liver and hepatoma of rat is stimulated by salt, and, of the histone fractions, lysine-rich (F1) histone is preferentially degraded by this enzyme at an ionic strength comparable with that found in the nucleus. However, there appears to be no strict relationship between the activity of the proteinase and growth rates of hepatomas. Chromatin isolated from a fast-growing tumour, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, shows no apparent proteinase activity in the presence of salt.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Potentiation of the toxicity of mithramycin by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

The lethality for BALB/c mice of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, cytosine arabinoside, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, hydroxyurea, mithramycin, a polymyxin-like antibiotic (SQ 21,286), polyadenylic polyuridylic acid, procarbazine, 5-[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-triazeno]-imidazole-4-carboxamide (TIC-mustard) or uracil arabinoside administered in combination with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured. Simultaneously administered mithramycin and LPS or TIC-mustard administered 24 h after LPS synergistically killed mice. Concanavalin A potentiated the lethality of TIC-mustard but not of eight other drugs tested. Pretreatment of mice with LPS or lipid A complexed to concanavalin A rendered mice resistant to the lethal action of LPS alone or combinations of LPS and mithramycin. Mithramycin-treated mice were killed by minute amounts of LPS. Mice sensitized to LPS by mithramycin were used to detect endotoxic activity in biological materials, such as commercially available enzymes, and in a complex of lipid A with concanavalin A.

Animals↗