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Biomedical subjects

M C Smith

Publications and source records attributed to M C Smith.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Patterns of medication use among children in households enrolled in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program.

This study examined patterns of medication use among children in 791 families, in two counties in Mississippi, which had children enrolled in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. One-twelfth of the interviews were conducted each month via household interviews. Interviews were completed in 540 households containing 1616 children (48.8% male, 80.9% black). Thirteen percent had taken at least one prescription drug and 21.5% had taken at least one over-the-counter (OTC) drug in the previous 2 wk. Analgesics (29.4%), cough/cold remedies (19.2%), vitamins (15.7%), and anti-infective agents (12.4%) accounted for three-fourths of the instances of drug use. Over three-fourths (76.4%) of the prescriptions were new and 61.2% were paid for by Medicaid. Approximately three-fifths (62.7%) of OTC medicine uses were with medications already on hand. For prescription medications the physician was the source of information on use in 87.7% of uses. For OTC use, the comparable percentage was 24.6.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of an automated immunochemistry analyzer, the Auto ICS.

The Beckman Instruments' Automated Immunochemistry System, the Auto ICS is a fully automated version of the ICS. This evaluation examines several analytical and cost parameters for five representative assays: IgG, IgA, IgM, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. Correlation with more established methods was excellent, with the coefficients of correlation being 0.9880, 0.9948, 0.9862, 0.9812, and 0.9618 respectively. Intra- and interassay precision was on a par with other immunoassays, with CVs varying from 1.8% to 9.5%. Linearity of each assay was verified. The instrument can be cost-effective, if the simultaneous assay feature is used on batches of at least six samples. The instrument requires very little operator maintenance.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1982

Repair of deoxyribonucleic acid lesions caused by adriamycin and ellipticine.

The intercalating agents adriamycin and ellipticine caused DNA single and double strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks in mammalian cells. Ellipticine caused a much higher frequency of each of these lesions than adriamycin, at equitoxic doses. However, adriamycin-induced DNA effects were slowly and incompletely repaired over 24 hr after drug removal while the effects of ellipticine were virtually completely repaired within 30 min. Repair of ellipticine-induced lesions was observed only if cells were diluted ( 100-fold) after drug treatment, suggesting that significant amounts of drug may have been sequestered in the cellular membranes. Cell dilution did not alter the effects of adriamycin. Removal of the DNA lesions was temperature dependent. Finally, the similarity in the rates of repair for DNA single and double strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks supports the hypothesis that they are functionally related.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1982

Prostacyclin substitution for heparin in long-term hemodialysis.

We studied prostacyclin as a substitute for heparin in 12 patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis. All subjects underwent initial hemodialysis with prostacyclin as the sole anticoagulant; 10 of the 12 were restudied during heparin hemodialysis. Few adverse reactions occurred during prostacyclin hemodialysis in the 10 patients in whom dialysis was performed against a bicarbonate-containing dialysate; however, significant hypotension developed in two subjects when an acetate bath was used. Platelet aggregation progressively decreased during prostacyclin hemodialysis (p less than 0.02), but not during heparin hemodialysis, and returned toward control values after hemodialysis. Platelet thromboxane release decreased during both prostacyclin and heparin hemodialysis. Intradialytic percent decrements in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were greater during prostacyclin than heparin administration (42 +/- 2.9 percent versus 36 +/- 2.6 percent [p less than 0.05] and 33 +/- 2.6 percent versus 29 +/- 2.1 percent [0.05 less than p less than 0.1], respectively). The plasma concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha, a prostacyclin metabolite, reached peak levels by 120 minutes of hemodialysis and declined biexponentially toward predialysis concentrations during 120 minutes after hemodialysis, thereby providing an index of cumulative prostacyclin dosage. We conclude that prostacyclin is not only a safe alternative to heparin anticoagulation during hemodialysis, but that prostacyclin might also increase the efficiency of hemodialysis.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1982

Attitudes of pharmacy students towards psychosocial factors in health care.

An attitude scale was administered on a cross-sectional basis to pharmacy students in 3 professional years and alumni 1 year post-graduation. The instrument, previously used in a study of social awareness among Canadian health professional students, revealed, on application, that social attitudes tended to decline as students progressed through school. Students with prior degrees had generally higher scores. Male students generally held stronger views than did female students, whether favorable or unfavorable.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

An investigation of prescribed and nonprescribed medicine use behavior within the household context.

The goal of this study was to study empirically individual and household characteristics and their relation to individual medicine use behavior. The study accounted for 40% of the variance in prescribed medicine use and 20% of the variance in nonprescribed medicine use behavior for 545 AFDC households in Northern Mississippi. Perceived morbidity was the primary mediator of medicine use and 57% of the explained variance in nonprescribed medicine use. Age was a significant contributor to the variance explained in prescribed medicine use behavior. The use of nonprescribed medicines by other members of the household also significantly enhanced individual nonprescribed medicine use. Although many of the other individual and household variables were significant predictors of medicine use behavior they contributed little to the total explained variance. Research concerning medicine use in the context of the household is in the initial stage of theory development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Fluorine-19 chemical shifts as structural probes of metal-sulfur clusters and the cofactor of nitrogenase.

Several properties of the FeMo-cofactor (co) of nitrogenase in N-methylformamide solution at ambient temperature have been investigated by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy. With C6H5CF3 reference signals the magnetic moment per Mo atom was found to be approximately equal to 3.9 BM, consistent with S = 3/2 ground state identified by other spectroscopic methods at low temperature. Reaction of FeMo-co with 1.0 eq of RFS- (RF = p-C6H4CF3, p-C6H4F) afforded isotropically shifted signals indicative of binding to a paramagnetic cluster. By comparison with the spectra of Fe-S and Fe-Mo-S species derivatized with RFS-, including the cubane-type MoFe3S4 clusters with S = 3/2 ground states, it was concluded that the essential FeMo-co cluster structure remains intact and a Fe atom is the probable thiolate binding site. An interaction of FeMo-co with C6H5S- had been detected earlier by low temperature EPR spectroscopy. The binding site assignment is based on large observed isotropic shifts (ca. -12ppm) compared to the much smaller values found for Mo-SRF ligands in MoFe3S4 clusters and anticipated in FeMo-co on the basis of recent spectroscopic results. Isotropic 19F shifts have proven extremely sensitive to electronic and structural features of Fe-S and Fe-Mo-S clusters. The inclusion of a 19F NMR label in FeMo-co should prove of utility in further investigation of cofactor properties and reactions.

Azotobacter↗
PubMed1982

The rubrospinal and central tegmental tracts in man.

Ten cases are presented which illustrate aspects of the anatomy of the rubrospinal and central tegmental tracts in man. It is concluded that the number of large fibres arising from the magnocellular part of the red nucleus and constituting the classical rubrospinal tract is small and that only a few fibres project into the spinal cord; these cannot usually be traced caudal to the upper cervical segments. There is a very large number of rubro-olivary fibres arising from the parvocellular part of the red nucleus, which run in the central tegmental tract. This tract also contains descending fibres that do not originate in the red nucleus and fibres that do not terminate in the olive. The literature on the rubrospinal tract and the rubro-olivary component of the central tegmental tract in primates in reviewed. Comparative anatomical studies are also briefly reviewed; they accord with the findings reported here for man.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cuspal failures of MOD restored teeth.

It is observed clinically that some years after MOD restoration of molar and premolar teeth, cuspal failures commonly occur. The period between restoration and failure is usually from eight to fifteen years. Evidence has been found, both from observations of fractured cusps and from a mathematical model of an idealized molar tooth, that allows a clear description of the mechanism of these slow failures. Suggested changes in clinical practice are recommended if such failures are to be prevented in the future.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition of zymosan-induced alternative complement pathway activation by concanavalin A.

Zymosan, a polysaccharide composed primarily of glucan and mannan residues, activates the complement system through the alternative complement pathway. We showed that zymosan-induced complement activation is inhibited by zymosan-bound lectins with carbohydrate specificities for mannosyl and glycosyl residues. Lectins unable to bind mannosyl or glucosyl residues did not inhibit zymosan-induced complement activation.

Complement Activation↗