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Biomedical subjects

M C Smith

Publications and source records attributed to M C Smith.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Dermatologists' referrals of prescriptions requiring compounding.

This study surveyed a sample of dermatologists in an effort to determine their assessments of pharmacists' compounding ability. Results indicate that dermatologists refer patients to specific pharmacies perhaps because a high percentage of patients had complained about pharmacists being unable or unwilling to fill compounded prescriptions. Data also indicate a higher level of confidence in the pharmacists' actual practice than in their training for that practice.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1984

Rates of diagnosis of six diseases of Holstein cows during 15-day and 21-day intervals.

The lactations of 3,172 Holstein dairy cows were divided into intervals of 15 and 21 days. The numbers of new diagnosis of metritis, cystic ovary, miscellaneous reproductive disorders, mastitis, left displaced abomasum, and milk fever in each interval were counted. The numbers of cows at risk in each interval were also counted. A cow was at risk if she was still milking, in the herd, and a diagnosis had not already been made for that condition in that lactation. A cow was also only at risk of a reproductive diagnosis if she was not pregnant. For each interval, the incidence rate of new diagnosis was calculated by dividing the number of new diagnoses by the number of cows at risk.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1984

Toxicity of Kalanchoe spp to chicks.

Leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana, K tubiflora, K fedtschenkoi, K tomentosa, K tomentosa X K beharensis, and 4 cultivars of K blossfeldiana were tested for toxicity to 2-week-old Leghorn chicks. These species were analyzed for percentage of alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, soluble oxalates, and nitrates and were examined qualitatively for cyanogenic glycosides. The solubility of the toxic principle in K daigremontiana was determined. Leaves of K daigremontiana, K tubiflora, and K fedtschenkoi were toxic to chicks at dosage levels of 8 to 12 mg/g of body weight. Toxic signs included depression, muscular incoordination, twitching and spiraling of the neck, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and death. Kalanchoe tomentosa, K tomentosa X K beharensis, and 4 cultivars of K blossfeldiana were nontoxic at the highest dosage levels tested. Aliphatic nitro compounds and cyanogenic glycosides were not detected in any species. Alkaloids, nitrates, and soluble oxalates were present only in nontoxic concentrations. The toxic principle in K daigremontiana was soluble in 50%, 80%, and 100% ethanol, slightly soluble in water and acetone, and insoluble in benzene, chloroform, and ether.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cows.

The association between parturient hypocalcemia and 8 periparturient disorders (dystocia, retained fetal placenta, metritis, left displaced abomasum, foot problems, ketosis, mastitis, and coliform mastitis) was evaluated in 33 Holstein dairy herds (2,190 cows) that calved from March 1981 through February 1982. There were highly significant (P less than 0.0001) associations between parturient hypocalcemia and dystocia, retained fetal placenta, ketosis, and mastitis. The odds ratios (multiplicative increases in occurrence) for these associations were 6.5, 3.2, 8.9, and 8.1, respectively. There was a significantly (P less than 0.03) association between parturient paresis and coliform mastitis (odds ratio, 9.0). There was a tendency for association with left displaced abomasum (odds ratio, 3.4; P less than 0.06).

Abomasum↗
PubMed1983

Epstein-Barr virus: inhibition of replication by three new drugs.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with three human malignancies. Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine], the first clinically useful drug effective against replication of EBV, is without effect against latent or persistent EBV infection. Three nucleoside analogs, E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine, and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil are potent inhibitors of EBV replication in vitro. Moreover, in contrast to the reversibility of viral inhibition by Acyclovir, these three drugs have prolonged effects in suppressing viral replication even after the drugs are removed from persistently infected cell cultures.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1983

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: review of the neurologic form in 30 cases.

A pronounced age predisposition was noticed in a study of 30 goats with the neurologic form of caprine arthritis-encephalitis. Most affected animals were between 2 and 4 months of age, but ages ranged from 1 month to 20 years. Clinically, mild to moderate fever was recorded for approximately half of the patients. Brain involvement (in 16 of 30 goats) was most commonly identified by depression, head tilt, torticollis, and circling. Signs of spinal cord involvement were most frequently those of white matter damage: hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and para- or tetraparesis. In approximately 90% of patients, there were increases in protein content and WBC numbers in the cerebrospinal fluid. Microscopic lesions were most frequent in the brain and cervical portion of the spinal cord and consisted of a nonsuppurative inflammatory response and demyelination with preservation of axons.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Pendular nystagmus in dairy cattle.

In a survey of 2,932 mature dairy cattle performed over a 1-month period, we found 15 with rapid oscillation in 1 or both eyes. Nystagmus had been present since shortly after birth in 2 animals, and the age at onset was unknown in the others. The nystagmus was not associated with any other physical or neurologic problem. Pendular nystagmus apparently is benign and should not be mistaken for a sign of serious neurologic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Calcium-dependent activation of lymphocytes by ionophore, A23187, and a phorbol ester tumor promoter.

The phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the calcium ionophore, A23187, have similar effects on many different cells. For example, both show mitogenic and comitogenic activities for lymphocytes. It had been suggested that some of TPA's effects are due to its ability to act as a calcium ionophore. In order to test this idea, we compared the ability of TPA and ionophore to synergize with concanavalin A (Con A) in a two-phase system of lymphocyte mitogenesis. We found that ionophore was most comitogenic with Con A when present in the early phase of stimulation. TPA was only comitogenic when present in the late phase. Ionophore and TPA could not replace one another in the system. However, both ionophore and TPA together could replace Con A and stimulate DNA synthesis when they were presented to the cells in the sequential order of ionophore followed by TPA. Both compounds required the presence of external calcium to be effective.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Behavioral thresholds for tones during infancy.

An adaptive up-down tracking procedure was used in combination with a visually reinforced head turn response to examine auditory sensitivity for 500, 2000, and 8000-Hz tone bursts in infants 6 to 18 months of age. Six- and 10-month-old infants were tested with headphone presentation of stimuli, while 10-, 14-, and 18-month-olds were tested in sound field. Infant threshold estimates for both headphone and sound field were within 15 dB of adult comparisons for all frequencies and age groups. Six-month-olds were significantly less sensitive to the 8000-Hz tone than to either of the lower frequency stimuli, but older infants demonstrated approximately equal sensitivity for all three frequencies tested.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Long-term survival of patients with multiple myeloma and acute renal failure at presentation.

Eight patients presented with simultaneous multiple myeloma and acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Patients had no known pre-existing renal disease nor exposure to nephrotoxic agents or x-ray contrast dye. Renal failure was attributed to light chain nephropathy in all cases. In 4 of these patients the diagnosis of myeloma was initially unsuspected. Renal biopsies in 3 of these patients, and post-mortem material in a fourth revealed the changes of "myeloma kidney." No patient regained renal function and all required chronic hemodialysis. Among these eight patients, three survived for periods greater than 21 months.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

The relationship between contextual facilitation and depth of processing.

Two experiments examined how depth of processing on a contextual priming item affects (a) the amount of priming obtained in the processing of a target item in a lexical decision task (LDT) and (b) subsequent episodic memory for the prime and target items. Experiment 1, in which prime and target items were presented sequentially, yielded three main results: (a) The magnitude of the priming effect, measured by the difference between lexical decision times to word targets preceded by related and unrelated primes, increased as the depth of prime processing increased. (b) In an unexpected postsession recognition test, episodic memory for a prime was dependent on the depth to which it had been processed, whereas memory for a target was unaffected by the depth of processing that had occurred on its prime. (c) Episodic memory for both primes and targets was greater when they had appeared in related pairs rather than unrelated pairs in the LDT. However, unlike immediate contextual priming, the magnitude of the semantic relatedness effect in episodic recognition was not affected by level of processing. In Experiment 2 a two-word LDT was used in which a yes response was made only if two simultaneously presented letter strings were both words. Depth of processing was varied by using different types of nonword distractors: pronounceable nonwords, random letter strings, or strings of Xs. As in Experiment 1, priming was greater and episodic recognition was better, the deeper the level of processing that occurred in the LDT. Similarly, episodic recognition memory was greater for items that had appeared in related pairs in the LDT. Although these data suggest that similar processes modulate both contextual priming effects and episodic recognition, the dissociation in some conditions between the occurrence of contextual priming in the LDT and later relatedness effects in episodic recognition indicate that the underlying mechanisms are not identical.

Cognition↗
PubMed1983

Effect of coarse wheat bran fiber and exercise on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in moderately overweight men.

The effects of the American Association of Cereal Chemists coarse wheat bran fiber and exercise were evaluated in 20 males, aged 24 to 35 yr, and at least 10% above ideal weight. Thirteen of the subjects participated in a 4 mile walk-jog run program 3 times weekly. In a cross-over design with diets switched midway through the experiment, both the exercising and sedentary groups consumed isocaloric amounts of either white bread or white bread containing wheat bran (0.5 g/kg body weight). Plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, body weights, and percentage body fats were determined at 0, 6, and 12 wk. No consistent effects were observed as a result of the wheat bran feeding on any of the parameters measured. Exercise training tended to decrease body weights and percentage body fats, and was associated with significantly increased (p less than 0.05) plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios. After a rise in triglycerides at wk 6, a significant decline (p less than 0.05) back to base-line values was observed at wk 12 for the exercised subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of short-term aerobic conditioning and high cholesterol feeding on plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in sedentary young men.

The plasma total cholesterol (TC) and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of sedentary young men (n = 23) were determined during 4 wk of controlled feeding and 6 wk of supervised aerobic conditioning. Subjects were assigned to dietary treatments of 400 mg cholesterol per day (M) or 1400 mg cholesterol per day (H); both diets had a P/S ratio of about 0.6. Dietary groups M and H were subdivided into exercise (MX and HX) and sedentary (MS and HS) groups. Compared to the sedentary groups, MX and HX exhibited significant (p less than 0.01) improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. After 2 and 4 wk of high cholesterol feeding, group HS exhibited significant (p less than 0.05) elevations in TC (+30 +/- 7 and +32 +/- 9 mg/dl) with nonsignificant increases in very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Group HX exhibited consistent weekly increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (from 46 +/- 3 mg/dl, the base level, to 53 +/- 4 mg/dl at wk 4) with aerobic conditioning. By combining exercise and sedentary group data at each level of dietary cholesterol it was shown that TC and HDL-C levels significantly (p less than 0.05) increased by the 4th wk of high cholesterol feeding. The TC/HDL-C ratio significantly (p less than 0.05) increased for the sedentary subjects as compared to all the exercising subjects by wk 4 of controlled feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enhancement of replication of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in human lymphoblastoid cell lines by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is a potent carcinogen that alkylates nucleic acids. Interaction of MNNG with human lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was studied. Treatment of virus-producing cells (P3HR-1) with MNNG resulted in an approximately 3-fold increase in EBV genome copies per cell as determined by cRNA--DNA hybridization. This effect was not observed in a non-virus-producer line (Raji). Dose-response studies indicated that the optimum concentration was between 0.5 micrograms and 2 micrograms/ml. This same dose range was most effective in inhibiting cell proliferation both of P3HR-1 and Raji cells. Concomitant treatment of P3HR-1 cells with MNNG and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate gave an additive increase to 9-fold of the number of EBV genome copies per cell. Pretreatment of Raji cells with MNNG followed by superinfection with P3HR-1 virus resulted in a 35% enhancement of EBV DNA replication as analyzed by density centrifugation. In contrast, Raji cells superinfected with MNNG-treated EBV showed a marked reduction in EBV DNA replication which indicates that the lesions produced in the viral genome by the drug interferred with the infectious potential of the virus.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1983

Limitations of a fluorescence assay for studies on tetracycline transport into Escherichia coli.

Transport of tetracycline into Escherichia coli was studied by two methods, one involving an absolute determination of accumulated drug and the other a fluorescence assay. Tetracycline uptake was nonsaturable when assayed by the absolute method, but fluorescence enhancement was maximal at an initial external tetracycline concentration of about 200 microM. The two transport assays also gave different results for the pH optimum of tetracycline transport. The absolute method indicated a pH optimum of 7.0 to 8.0, whereas the fluorescence method gave a value of 5.5 to 6.0. These data indicate that the fluorescence assay is of limited value in certain situations.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1983

Activation of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes: selective stimulation of synthesis of chromosomal proteins by a tumor promoter.

The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent inducer of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene expression. The optimal conditions for maximum activation of latent EBV genomes by TPA were determined. Although TPA is able to induce replication of EBV genomes in P3HR-1 cells in all phases of growth, the greatest increase in viral genome copies per cell (15-fold above the control level) occurred in nonproliferating cells as opposed to cells growing exponentially (6-fold above the control level). The synthesis of chromosomal proteins in nonproliferating cells under the conditions that induce maximum activation of latent virus genomes by TPA was studied. Selective stimulation in chromosomal protein synthesis accompanied the increase in EBV genomes in P3HR-1 cells despite an overall reduction in total cellular protein synthesis. Comparison of the chromosomal proteins from TPA-induced P3HR-1 cells and from superinfected Raji cells revealed comigrating chromosomal polypeptides of 145K, 140K, 135K, 110K, 85K, and 55K that are presumably EBV associated. The selective stimulation of synthesis of these chromosomal proteins in TPA-treated P3HR-1 cells was closely associated with the activation of latent EBV genomes.

Cell Division↗