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Biomedical subjects

M C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to M C Anderson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Origin of tubular complexes in human chronic pancreatitis.

Tissue samples from seven patients with chronic pancreatitis were studied by light and electron microscopy, using samples from the pancreas of seven organ donors as a reference group. Tubular complexes were observed in four of the patients with chronic pancreatitis. Tubular complexes, which have been interpreted as resulting from "ductular reduplication" in other studies of chronic pancreatitis, and "ductular proliferation" in studies of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, were studied carefully to determine their origin. Extensive retrogressive changes in acinar cells leading to diminished zymogen granules, decreased cell height, and concomitant increase in luminal diameter were consistent with the interpretation that phenotypic modulation of acinar cells to take on the characteristics of ductular cells produced the tubules. This it is concluded that in chronic pancreatitis, as has been shown for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the tubular complexes originate from acinar cells rather than from proliferation of preexisting ductules. Fibrosis and thickening of the basal lamina of exocrine pancreatic cells and capillaries were consistent with an altered capability for transmission of material between blood vessels and exocrine cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A standardized quantitative skin-test assay of allergen potency and stability: studies on the allergen dose-response curve and effect of wheal, erythema, and patient selection on assay results.

A quantitative skin-test assay of allergenic potency was developed and tested on 28 allergic patients. The best-fit linear regression line was calculated from the sum of erythema or wheal diameters obtained from four intradermal threefold serial dilutions near the endpoint. Each line must have a correlation coefficient greater than 0.85 and the slopes of reference and test extract lines must not be significantly different. The relative potency can be calculated from the horizontal distance between the reference and test lines. The between-assay reproducibility was determined by comparing references against themselves. The 95% confidence limits were 54% to 186% when erythema was used and 27% to 367% when wheal was used. The narrower limits for the assay using erythema maybe due to the 5.5 times steeper slope of erythema lines than wheal lines. Potency results on five commercial extracts were highly correlated with potency results by RAST, AgE assay, or rye I assay. Extracts with isolectric focusing patterns dissimilar from the references were of significantly lower potency by in vivo and in vitro assays. The measured potency of two low-potency short ragweed extracts varied significantly with patient sensitivity to heat-stable and heat-labile ragweed allergens, indicating that patient selection may significantly affect assay results. Dose-response lines using either histamine or short ragweed by puncture (P) and intradermal (ID) techniques in the same patient showed that P/ID dose for equal erythema response was 909 for histamine and 31,250 for ragweed. This quantitative skin-test assay is highly re[rpdicob;e, yields potency data comparable to those of in vitro tests, can be applied to studies of extract stability, and is suitable as a primary bioassay of allergenic activity.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

Antigenic and allergenic changes during storage of a pollen extract.

The changes that occur in the antigens and allergens of a timothy grass pollen extract during storage were measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition, isoelectric focusing, (IEF), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) and a dye-binding protein assay. Storage intervals varied from 7 to 92 days at temperatures of 4 degrees, 22 degrees, and 35 degrees C and the freeze-dried extract was rehydrated and stored in either phosphate-buffered saline with 50% glycerol (PBSG) or Coca's solution (CS). For extracts stored in CS at 35 degrees C, allergenic activity as measured by RAST inhibition dropped by almost one half at 7 days and certain of the IEF, CIE, ad CRIE bands were no longer visible, showing that these properties correlated with allergenic activity. After 65 dys, no IEF bands were visible but three CIE bands could be visualized. At 22 degrees the changes were slower and at 4 degrees C no changes were observed for the 92-day storage time. Extracts stored in PBSG showed some of the same changes but were much more stable at all temperatures. During storage, the protein content as measured by dye binding was also reduced, showing tha proteins were fragmenting. Because some of the allergenic proteins disappeared more rapidly than others, there was not only a loss in total allergenic activity but also a change in specificity. This raises serious questions concerning the use of such extracts, especially for diagnosis.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

Diffuse nonlobular ovarian androblastoma usually associated with feminization.

The unusual pleomorphism of ovarian androblastoma calls for the definition of further subgroups and fuller use of the available interpretative ideas. A set of six cases forming a possible subgroup is presented. Functionally these were mainly estrogenic. Structurally they showed a diffuse fibrothecomatous or thecogranulosal background with foci of limited and sexually equivocal differentiation. Lutein cell clusters were present in all cases and tubules were present in five. The ideas developed for interpreting the androblastoma family are reviewed historically and related to the foregoing. The criteria of testicular differentiation, and the relation of endocrine function to morphology and age, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Isotopic identification of intestinal strangulation.

A small series of eleven dogs prepared with a strangulating segment of jejunum demonstrated that a radionuclide, 99mTc-labelled albumin, concentrates in the lumen and bowel wall of the affected intestinal segment. Modern scanning equipment accurately localized the strangulating loop. This technique has the potential of identifying patients with intestinal obstruction, in whom strangulation is a factor, prior to the development of impaired arterial inflow and frank gangrene. These findings confirmed earlier obstructions that were reported when nuclear scanning instrumentation was less sophisticated. Identification of patients at risk for intestinal strangulation requires a high index of suspicion. Excruciating cramping abdominal pain out of proportion to physical findings, roentgenogram evidence, and laboratory studies should alert the physician to the possibility of intestinal ischemia and closed loop obstruction. Radionuclide scanning in such cases may be of assistance in defining or excluding the diagnosis of a strangulating mechanism. The test is simple, relatively economical, and represents a low risk procedure to patients. It would have no place when the classic physical and laboratory findings of intestinal infarction are present.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with the carbon dioxide laser: report of 543 patients.

Five hundred forty-three patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were treated with the carbon dioxide laser and 441 have been seen for follow-up. The success rate was 76.4% after 1 treatment and 98% after 2 treatments. Many patients who returned with apparent minor abnormalities at the first follow-up visit had normal colposcopic results and Papanicolaou smears 6 months later. The complication rate was low, and no significant problems were caused by pain or bleeding at the time of treatment. Postoperative hemorrhage requiring hospital admission occurred in 1% of patients. Laser treatment should be carried out only in departments with colposcopic expertise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Reliability of endometrial aspiration cytology in the assessment of endometrial status.

One hundred twenty women attending routine gynecologic clinics were investigated by endometrial aspiration cytology to determine whether outpatient assessment of endometrial status could be used to determine subsequent patient management. The results show that this technique allows recognition and distinction between cystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, and carcinoma, and the time of the menstrual cycle can be assessed when the endometrium is normal. Endometrial aspiration cytology is valuable in gynecologic practice for determining which women with abnormal bleeding, both premenopausal and postmenopausal, require further investigation. Furthermore, the technique has a role to play in monitoring the status of the endometrium in women at high risk of endometrial malignancy, particularly those receiving hormone replacement therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 34 cases.

Thirty-four cases of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor were studied. All tumors were limited to the ovary at the time of initial surgery. Eight tumors were well differentiated, 15 were of intermediate differentiation, and 11 were poorly differentiated. Six cases contained heterologous elements. The less differentiated tumors occurred in patients with a lower median age and were more likely to produce androgenic manifestations. Follow-up of one year or longer was obtained in 15 patients, with an average follow-up in these patients of 6.1 years. Only one patient, who had a poorly differentiated tumor, died of the neoplasm in this series. Although follow-up was limited in this study, our findings suggest that the better differentiated tumors have a relatively favorable prognosis. This neoplasm is composed of sex-cord and stromal elements, and its components have the capacity to a greater or lesser extent to recapitulate the cells of the testis at different stages of development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Yolk sac and allied tumours of the ovary.

A review is presented of the histological appearances of 38 yolk sac tumours of the ovary and four so-called embryonal carcinomas together with the associated clinical features. It is suggested that these neoplasms belong to a single taxonomic group of embryonal ovarian tumours differing only in the concomitant types of differentiation. One yolk sac tumour occurred in an individual of 46 XY chromosome constitution and another in a patient with a gonadoblastoma in the contralateral ovary. The value of post-operative serial assays of serum AFP is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Aspiration cytology versus histology in the assessment of the endometrium of women attending a menopause clinic.

The endometrium of 100 women attending a menopause clinic was assessed cytologically, using the Isaacs cell sampler, and then histologically, using the Vabra suction curette. Satisfactory specimens for diagnosis were obtained in 96 per cent of cases with the Isaacs cell sampler and in 62 per cent of cases with the Vabra suction curette. There were eight discrepancies between the diagnoses obtained by the cytological and histological methods and these are analysed. Thirty patients were asked to grade the discomfort experienced during the procedures, and of these 26 found the Vabra method more painful than the Isaacs method.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hemorrhagic complications of severe pancreatitis.

Massive hemorrhage associated with pancreatitis is a rare but frequently lethal complication. Fifteen patients with this complication are presented. Bleeding occurred in four patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, in three patients with pancreatic abscesses, in seven patients with pseudocysts, and in one patient with chronic relapsing pancreatitis following longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy. The initial presentation of hemorrhage was gastrointestinal in eight patients and retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal in seven. Abdominal pain with associated nausea and vomiting was present in all patients on admission. Duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization averaged 6 days. During hospitalization the 15 patients received a total of 512 units of blood for transfusions ranging from 8 to 177 units. Admission amylase values were of no benefit in assessing severity of the disease, but application of Ranson's criteria accurately predicted both severity and prognosis. The common denominator in all cases of bleeding appeared to be the presence of an overwhelming or continuing inflammatory process with necrosis and erosion of adjacent vascular and visceral structures. The overall mortality rate in the series was 53.3%. Those patients with hemorrhage associated with pseudocyst formation had the highest survival rates, whereas those with necrotizing pancreatitis and hemorrhage had an extremely poor response to aggressive medical and/or surgical management.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

The surgical therapy for perforated gastric cancer.

The treatment of nine cases of perforation secondary to gastric carcinoma was reviewed. Resectional therapy appears to be the preferred approach to perforated gastric cancer. When the patient's condition or the extent of the disease preclude gastrectomy, the technique of plication with omental patch proved to be a satisfactory alternative in this small series. A review of the literature disclosed conflicting views on the usefulness of this procedure for perforated gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Allergenically active components of cat allergen extracts.

The allergens involved in cat allergy have been studied in pelt extracts, saliva, serum, and urine. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) to examine the antigenic content, and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) and RAST to examine the allergenic content, it was found that allergen 1 of Dr. Ohman is the most important allergenic component, whereas albumin and several unidentified proteins play a minor role. Allergen 1 was not detectable in serum and urine. The allergenic and nonallergenic proteins of pelt extract and saliva were identical by CIE, suggesting that pelt extract proteins are mainly of salivary origin.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

The heat stability of short ragweed pollen extract and the importance of individual allergens in skin reactivity.

A short ragweed pollen extract that was heated in a boiling-water bath remained skin reactive for some allergic individuals and lost reactivity for others. Comparison of heated and unheated extract by immunodiffusion showed that AgE, AgK, and Ra3 could not be detected in the boiled extract but Ra5 was present. By inhibition of the radioallergosorbent test the concentration of Ra5 remained essentially unchanged, but the concentrations of AgE and Ra3 were greatly diminished. The sera of these ragweed-allergic individuals were analyzed for IgE antibodies to AgE, Ra3, and Ra5. Skin reactivity in 17 ragweed-allergic individuals to the heated extract correlated significantly with the levels of IgE antibodies to Ra5. However, the large number of individuals reacting to the boiled extract indicates that Ra5 is not likely to be the only heat-stable allergen. Skin reactivity of the unheated extract did not correlate with IgE antibody levels to any allergen. The results underscore the importance of individual allergens in the materials used for skin testing.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

Ovarian sex cord tumours with annular tubules.

Five cases of ovarian sex cord tumours with annular tubules are presented. The ages of the patients ranged from 8 to 45 years and the size of the tumours varied from 1 to over 18 cm in diameter. All patients presented with evidence of hormonal disturbance and two appeared to have excess gonadotrophin production. The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was not described in any patient. The possible origin of the tumour is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Successful embolization of the dorsal pancreatic artery to control massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Selective arterial embolization is an established technique to control gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are poor surgical risks and in whom bleeding is uncontrolled by other methods. This article describes the control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding by subselective embolization of a bleeding branch of the dorsal pancreatic artery in a patient with severe pancreatitis. This is the first recorded successful embolization of the dorsal pancreatic artery to control hemorrhage.

Adult↗