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Biomedical subjects

M Brozman

Publications and source records attributed to M Brozman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Separation of Siamese twins in Bratislava.

At the pediatric surgical clinic in Bratislava, in the year 2000, we successfully carried out the separation of Siamese twins, which we classified as "ischiopagus tetrapus"+. The pelvic ring, the gastrointestinal tract and the urogenital system were all malformed. There was a common terminal ileum and only a short segment of the large intestine with a blind end. This was a case of non-developed anal segment and rectum. Each of the twins had two kidneys and two commonly shared urinary bladders. There were two uteruses, which were both bicornuate in nature with a fallopian tube arising from each of the horns as well as an ovary. The orifices of both urinary bladders and those of the two uteruses joined into a common urogenital sinus. The external ostia of this sinus represented a bizarre fissure with a single skin fold similar to the labium majus, located dorsally at the point of fusion of the pelvic structures. The act of separation was performed in two stages. Separation of the gastrointestinal tract was urgent due to the severe ileus caused by aplasia of the anus and the rectum. This first stage procedure was performed on the third day of admission (24.2.2000) after the babies had spent a month in other health institutions. The definitive separation was carried out a month after the first procedure (28.3.2000) following the optimal stabilization of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The uropoietic and genital systems were separated. A new pelvic ring and a pelvic floor were formed. The anterior abdominal wall was reconstructed and plastic correction of the skin in the gluteal and perineal regions was performed. The colostomies are functioning well and the twins pass well-formed stools. Lucia has long dry intervals between mictions. Andrea has shorter dry intervals. The girls have recently celebrated their third birthday. Their mental development is excellent; they speak Slovak and Hungarian languages. They have a well-developed locomotive apparatus, without any movement impairments. (Tab. 1, Fig. 16, Ref. 10.)

Female↗
PubMed2003

A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled evaluation of three doses of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) in the treatment of spastic equinovarus deformity after stroke.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Calf muscle hypertonicity following stroke may impair walking rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to assess botulinum toxin (Dysport) in post-stroke calf spasticity. METHODS: A prospective, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study was performed to evaluate dysport at 500, 1,000 or 1,500 units in 234 stroke patients. They were assessed at 4-week intervals over 12 weeks. RESULTS: The primary outcome measure, 2-min walking distance and stepping rate increased significantly in each group (p < 0.05, paired test), but there was no significant difference between groups (including placebo). Following dysport treatment, there were small but significant (p = 0.0002-0.0188) improvements in calf spasticity, limb pain, and a reduction in the use of walking aids, compared to placebo. Investigators' and patients' assessments of overall benefit suggested an advantage for dysport over placebo, but this was not significant. Sixty-eight patients reported 130 adverse events, with similar numbers in each group. The few severe events recorded were not considered to be treatment-related. CONCLUSION: Dysport resulted in a significant reduction in muscle tone, limb pain and dependence on walking aids. The greatest benefits were in patients receiving dysport 1,500 units, but 1,000 units also had significant effects. Dysport 500 units resulted in some improvements. Since few adverse events were reported, this therapy is considered safe and may be a useful treatment in post-stroke rehabilitation of the leg. Possible reasons why functional improvements in gait parameters were not observed are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Relation between toxoplasmosis and orofacial clefts in children].

The authors performed a serological observation of toxoplasmosis by using the methods of IFT, CFT and ELISA in 118 mothers and their children with orofacial clefts. The results were compared with those gained in the control group of healthy mothers and their children. Titre means of toxoplasma antibodies in inflicted mothers and their children were higher than in the control group. The results were evaluated statistically. The authors assume that a certain proportion of orofacial clefts may be induced by toxoplasmosis. (Tab. 6, Ref. 13.).

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1994

[Hernias in the abdominal wall].

The authors emphasize the relapse frequency of the front abdominal wall hernias. Umbilical hernias, epigastric hernias, hernias in postoperative scars, as well as diastases of m. rectus abdominis are still not appropriately evaluated problem in surgery. Numeral surgical methods and procedures provide evidence of this fact. In spite of this, the relapses are frequent. In order to prevent relapses of hernias and to support the firmness of the abdominal wall, the authors use the corium graft technique. This study provides the description of the graft preparation. This surgical method was used in 54 patients, in whom no recurrence was recorded within the period of 1-3 years after surgery. The authors consider this procedure as being useful and effective. The methodical procedure is simple and economically advantageous, as autografts are ideal from the biological point of view. (Tab. 1, Fig. 6, Ref. 10.)

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Prenatal virus infections and orofacial clefts].

A potential teratogenic activity of virus infections caused by the viruses of rubella, influenza, parotitis, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus and the Epstein-Barr virus was investigated. Specific antibodies against these viruses were examined serologically in children with orofacial clefts and in their mothers and the results were compared with those obtained in control children and their mothers. Different micromethods were used in performing the examinations (ELISA, RIA, NIR, KFR, HIT). Evaluation of the results and their statistical processing supports the assumption that prenatal infection may have occurred in the series studied induced by the viruses of influenza, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and possibly also by the Epstein-Barr virus. No association with the viruses of parotitis and hepatitis B was established. (Tab. 5, Ref. 36.)

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Arthroplasty for major defects of articular areas of fingers.

The costal perichondrium is a suitable material for the reconstruction of major damage to articular areas, even bone tissue in small joints of the hand. A modelled silicone implant conditions and simultaneously defines the shape of the reconstructed areas. Together with the perichondrium reconstruction, it helped to fill the defect and for a suitable shape of the articular areas. Morphological findings of the perichondrium transformation showed a steady growth and a rising frequency of hyalinization of larger foci containing chondrocyte-like cells. After 8 years the cartilage surface showed a thick layer of hyaline cartilage.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed1990

[Structural basis of the spleen in rats].

The basic function of the spleen in the rat, similarly as in man, is to cleanse the blood of damaged old particles of the body itself, but also of foreign particles. To fulfill this function, the spleen is equipped with the white and red pulp with a specific structure of blood circulation. In an open system of circulation, blood from the arterial terminals opens into the cords of the red pulp, where it is adequately processed. From the cords the blood gets through the walls of sinuses, acting as the last filtration barrier, into the lumen of sinuses and then into the venous circulation. Unlike the human spleen, this organ in the rat has a marked marginal sinus and channel systems bridging the marginal zone. The channels mediate the circulation of lymphocytes between the red white pulp.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cellular composition of periapical granulomas and its function. Histological, immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic study.

Periapical granulomas have been investigated histologically, immunohistologically using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, as well as electronmicroscopically. Lesions were formed by inflammatory granulation tissue frequently with foci of purulent exudation and fibrosis. Most numerous were plasma cells usually in cellular regions of the granulation tissue where they were tightly pressed. Of other cellular types were numerous lymphocytes, fibroblasts, less frequent were macrophages, scattered granulocytes and mast cells. More than a half of the plasma cells were IgG positive, about 20% IgA positive, up to 10% IgM, rarely IgE and sporadically IgD positive cells. In the vascular walls and their surrounding as well as in the phagocytes fine granular to granular positivities of C3 and C4 components of the complement were present. The majority of lymphocytes beared markers of T lymphocytes of which the T-suppressor markedly prevailed over the T-helper lymphocytes. In electron microscopy the plasma cells were most frequent. They were usually close to each other, sometimes with a disintegrated cytoplasmic membrane and non-damaged organelles being free around the nucleus. Mast cells were numerous and did not show any signs of marked degranulation. Rich production of immunoglobulins as well as the presence of IgG and IgM positive material in phagocytes, and the presence of positivities of the C3 and C4 components of the complement in the surrounding of the vessels and in phagocytes on the other hand supported the presumption that immune complexes participate in the pathogenesis of periapical granulomas. In spite of the presence of the IgE producing cells the morphological picture of mast cells did not suggest the presence of anaphylactic reaction in periapical lesions. Diffuse distribution of T lymphocytes, moreover with the prevalence of T-suppressor/cytotoxic over T-helper lymphocytes and not numerous macrophages in the inflammatory infiltrates did not suggest the participation of a typical cell-mediated immunity reaction in the development of periapical granulomas. Numerous T-suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes and low numbers of macrophages can be important factors of the chronicity of periapical inflammatory diseases.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

[Morphology of the human rib perichondrium from the aspect of arthroplasty of the small joints of the hand].

The human rib perichondrium is a suitable material for reconstruction interventions on small joints of the hand. Optical and electron microscopy analysis of the human rib perichondrium has shown some features different from the similar perichondrium in rabbits. In its superficial layers there are apart from the vascularity also myelinized nerve fibres, fat-cells and heparinocytes. In the medium layer and in the inner layer of the perichondrium there are cells which by their characteristics correspond to fibrocytes. Among them are collagen fibrillae coated with materials which can be fixed by the ruthenium red. The inner layer cannot be exactly distinguished from the cartilage of the rib.

Arthroplasty↗
PubMed1989

The red pulp of the human spleen. Structural basis of blood filtration.

The paper summarizes the authors' findings indicative of an open blood circulation in the human spleen, particularly those obtained by immune and enzyme histo- and cyto-chemical methods, and by electron microscopy. In the red pulp the blood gets into the extravascular spaces of the pulp cords, where the individual blood components have to pass between numerous macrophages to reach the sinuses. The sinus wall is composed of elongated endothelial cells surrounded by waved annular or ring fibers of the basement membrane. In some areas annular fibers are joined by longitudinal fibers, giving rise to the filtration lattice, the fenestrated basement membrane. The sinus wall represents the last filter barrier which decises whether the blood elements get back into the blood or not. Extravasation of blood secures that all foreign as well as the altered own components, particularly cellular and particle ones naturally along with the normal constituents get from the circulating blood into extravascular spaces. In the next phase, however, the normal ones return into the circulation, whereas the abnormal components are removed from the extravascular tissue by means of the macrophagic and immune system of the spleen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

In situ characterization of cells in periapical granuloma by monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies were used in histopathologic and immunohistologic studies of periapical granulomas. In cellular zones, plasma cells and lymphocytes predominated, with variable numbers of fibroblasts, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Labeling with monoclonal antibodies disclosed relatively infrequent, usually scattered macrophages. Plasma cells were numerous and frequently clumped. The vast majority of lymphocytes were T cells, scattered individually or in small groups of three or four cells and dispersed throughout the granulomas without any topographic predilection, with prevalence of T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells over T-helper/inducer cells. Our findings of numerous plasma cells, which were in agreement with descriptions of numerous immunoglobulin-producing cells by other authors, imply the participation of antibody-mediated immune reactions in periapical granulomas. The presence of cell-mediated immunity, in spite of numerous T cells, could not be confirmed.

Adolescent↗