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Biomedical subjects

M Breckwoldt

Publications and source records attributed to M Breckwoldt.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Aromatase activity in monolayer cell cultures of human endometrium.

Monolayer cell cultures of proliferative human endometrial stromal cells were incubated with 100 nCi 3H-androstenedione or 100 nCi 3H-testosterone for 15 hours. After termination of the incubations 16% of the recovered radioactivity was identified as estrone by thin layer chromatography and subsequent recrystallization. 3H-testosterone was almost quantitatively converted to 3H-androstenedione. 3H-dihydrotestosterone remained unmetabolized. These findings indicate a highly active 17 beta-ol-dehydrogenase and a high aromatizing capacity of human endometrial cells.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of lactation by a long-acting bromocriptine.

A long-acting form of bromocriptine, a prolactin (PRL) secretion inhibitor, was administered to 122 postpartum women in single intramuscular injections of 20 (N = 24), 30 (N = 22), 40 (N = 46), and 50 mg (N = 30). In 91 women the substance was administered immediately after delivery to prevent galactopoiesis and in the remaining 31 women to inhibit established lactation. Effectiveness was estimated by the absence of breast engorgement and of milk secretion. Successful prevention or inhibition of lactation was highest among women receiving 50 mg bromocriptine (97%), and comparison between dosages revealed a close linear dose-response relationship (r = 0.98). Persistent and significant (P less than .001) PRL inhibition could be recorded for up to 22 days in successfully treated puerperas in comparison with 12 normally breast-feeding women who served as control subjects. No significant side effects or local reactions were recorded. Eleven of 46 postpartum women receiving 20 or 30 mg bromocriptine experienced onset of milk secretion or lactation rebound, and responded to oral administration of the drug. The presence of milk was associated with plasma PRL concentrations persistently above 25 ng/mL in all of them, whereas nine women in the same dosage range in whom lactation suppression was effective exhibited values below this limit. Dose-response data allow the establishment of a putative PRL threshold for induction of milk secretion of about 25 ng/mL. Maintenance of plasma PRL values below this limit prevents lactogenesis and inhibits lactopoiesis.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1985

Thyroid hormones in benign breast disease. Normalization of exaggerated prolactin responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

To investigate the exaggerated prolactin (PRL) responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in patients with benign breast disease (BBD), 18 patients and 13 healthy controls underwent an 8-week-long thyroid hormone treatment. The clinical effect of thyroid hormones on cyclical mastodynia and concomitant galactorrhea was evaluated. TRH-stimulated PRL and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) responses and thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroxine-binding globulin, as well as serum estradiol and progesterone levels, were measured before and during hormone treatment. Thirteen of the patients and one of the controls had euthyroid diffuse goiter. Patients and controls had normal thyroid function parameters. During thyroid hormone treatment, significantly elevated TRH-induced PRL responses of the patients decreased by 50% and reached levels of the controls, whereas responses of the controls decreased insignificantly. Patients exhibited significantly lower serum progesterone levels than the controls; the estradiol levels were not different. Thyroid hormone treatment had no significant influence on luteal function of patients or controls. In 16 of 18 patients thyroid hormones were of benefit to mastodynia, whereas galactorrhea remained unaffected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Non-puerperal mastitis. Etiology, clinical aspects and therapy].

Non-puerperal mastitis was diagnosed in 79 patients (aged 12-77 years) over the years 1974-1984. Malignant neoplasm was not present. Bacterial infection in the region of the areola was the most frequent finding (40%), followed by abacterial inflammation without involvement of the nipples (29%). The other cases, bacterial or nonbacterial, occurred at different sites. The histological picture or clinical features of an increased secretory activity of the mammary gland (galactorrhoea, mastodynia) in addition to the mastitis was noted in 54 women. Causative organisms were proven in 53% of cases: Staph. aureus (41%) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (41%), or anaerobic organisms (11%). Physical measures, antibiotics and bromocriptine were used as treatment. At the onset of treatment abscesses were already present or developed in 34 instances. In 28 cases one to six recurrences set in after the end of the treatment period. In 22 patients treated with bromocriptine prophylactically there were only two recurrences. In the majority of patients an increased alveolar secretion was important in the pathogenesis of the bacterial or abacterial inflammation. Prolactin-lowering treatment seems reasonable by itself in cases of abacterial mastitis, or in combination with antibiotics in bacterial mastitis. Recurrences can be prevented by long-term lowering of the peripheral prolactin level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ovarian hyperstimulation due to long-term pulsatile intravenous GnRH treatment.

Pulsatile long-term gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy with an average dosage of 8 micrograms/pulse i.v. in intervals of 90 min induced in a patient with hypothalamic amenorrhea the development of multiple ovarian cysts as visualized by ultrasonography. Estradiol (E2) plasma concentration reached values of 5000 pg/ml. These findings indicate that pulsatile GnRH application can induce ovarian hyperstimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The influence of gonadotropic hormones on the EGF receptor regulation in the rat ovary.

Ovaries of immature rats are endowed with only a small number of EGF binding sites (59.2 X 10(-15) mol/mg protein). During development from day 20 to 28, the binding capacity increases 2.5 times, while the growth of the ovaries remains small. Treatment with FSH on day 20 advances the EGF binding capacity with a 4-fold increase in the number of binding sites within the first two days. HCG has no or only a slight effect on the EGF binding capacity. The EGF receptor formation after FSH treatment takes place before the ovaries begin to grow rapidly. Accelerated ovarian growth is associated with a decrease of EGF binding capacity reaching values below those of the control animals during the subsequent days. The dissociation constants (KD) of the FSH stimulated receptors and of receptors present during development are found in the order of 2.7 and 8.7 X 10(-9) M. The physiological function of the EGF receptor for ovarian cell proliferation and follicular growth is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Age-, cycle- and topographic dependency of human myometrial prostaglandin (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha)-synthesis in vitro.

Specimens of human myometrium (isthmus and fundus) freshly obtained at hysterectomy were immediately transferred in ice cold Tyrode solution and placed in superfusion chambers. Spontaneous contractions were recorded, the effluent of the myometrium was analyzed for PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by use of specific radioimmunoassay systems. Dating of the menstrual cycle was achieved by histological evaluation of the endometrium. The PG release rates expressed as ng/min/g wet weight were correlated to the patients age and to the phase of the menstrual cycle. The production rates of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were negatively correlated to the age of the patients and declined in fundus specimens from 2.89 +/- 0.35 ng/min/g wet weight in 39-42 years old patients to 0.52 +/- 0.17 ng/min/g wet weight in 48-52 years old women during the secretory phase (p less than 0.001). Similar significant correlations were found in specimens obtained from the isthmus uteri. During the proliferative phase fundus specimens produced on average 1.61 +/- 0.67 ng/min/g wet weight in 39-42 years old patients and 0.49 +/- 0.12 ng/min/g wet weight 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in 48-52 years old women respectively (p les than 0.001). The PGF2 alpha synthesis in myometrial specimens of fundus or isthmus origin was significantly lower than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and did not correlate to the age of the patients during the proliferative phase. However, PGF2 alpha release rates during the secretory phase were significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in younger women. These results suggest an age-, cycle- and topographic dependency of PGI2 synthesis in human myometrial tissue.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1985

Serum prolactin levels in women with excessive milk production. Normalization by transitory prolactin inhibition.

Serum prolactin levels and milk yield were studied in 27 puerperae with excessive milk production (polygalactia) and compared with 30 normally lactating puerperae. In order to normalize polygalactia, 14 of these women were treated with 2.5 mg bromocriptine per day for 3 days starting on post-partum day 5, 13 women received placebo. Milk flow in polygalactic women started significantly earlier than in puerperae with normal milk yield and developed mean milk volumes of 816 g per day on post-partum day 4. Serum prolactin levels did not differ from levels of puerperae with normal milk yield. There was no correlation between serum prolactin and milk yield. Bromocriptine treatment resulted in a sharp but reversible decline of serum prolactin levels followed by a significant reduction of milk production. Bromocriptine could not be detected in milk specimens, while serum levels showed significant amounts. In placebo treated women prolactin levels and milk yield remained unaffected. These data indicate that serum prolactin concentrations of puerperae with polygalactia are within the normal post-partum range. Short term prolactin suppression by bromocriptine can reduce milk yield, without complete ablactation.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1984

Contribution to the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea.

Menstrual blood was collected from five eumenorrheic and seven dysmenorrheic women aged between 20 and 35 years for a period of three cycles each. The levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-k-PGF1 alpha)-the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2)-, oestradiol, oestrone, and progesterone were determined radioimmunologically. Both eumenorrheic and dysmenorrheic women showed identical blood losses. The levels of oestradiol excreted by the dysmenorrheic women were markedly elevated as compared to the non-dysmenorrheic subjects (2 p less than 0.05). Oestrone excretion was in the same order of magnitude in all subjects examined. The concentration of progesterone per menstruation was significantly higher in the eumenorrheic women (2 p less than 0.02) than in the dysmenorrheic patients. Menstrual excretion of PGF2 alpha was 2.5 times higher in the dysmenorrheic women compared to the normal subjects (2 p less than 0.05). The levels of PGE2 was identical in both groups. Excretion of 6-k-PGF1 alpha was significantly lower in the dysmenorrheic women than in the eumenorrheic subjects (2 p less than 0.02). The oestradiol/progesterone ratio showed a distinct predominance of oestradiol in the dysmenorrheic patients. PGF2 alpha dominance in the dysmenorrheic patients is expressed by the PGF2 alpha/6-k-PGF1 alpha and the PGF2 alpha/PGE2 ratios. A shift in the oestradiol/progesterone ratio in favour of oestradiol seems to be the underlying pathogenic principle of dysmenorrhea. The oestradiol dominance is associated with a shift in the PGF2 alpha/PGI2 and the PGF2 alpha/PGE2 proportions. Thus, the PGF2 alpha predominance and a simultaneous reduction of PGI2 in uterine tissue seem to be responsible for dysmenorrheic bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Sonographic criteria of ovarian function in menstruation cycles].

The sonographic equivalent of the morphological changes of the ovaries in the physiologic menstrual cycle is the periodic evidence of cystic or solid ovarian structures. The selection of the follicle destined for ovulation occurs from a number of many small antral follicles. The initial polymicro follicular reaction the timing of selection differentiates the follicular phase in the selection and in the maturation phase. The selection phase is the limiting temporal part of the cycle. The maturation occurs usually in a unifollicular manner. The daily growth of the dominant follicle (maturation rate) is in most cases not constant. Usually an intraindividual or inter-individual variability of the maturation rate of a mean 2.5 mm per day is present. Preovulatory a non significant delay in the maturation occurs. The sonographic prediction of ovulation is indirect and determined by the timing of selection, the size of the selected follicle, the maturation rate and the size of the preovulatory follicle. The diameter of the dominant preovulatory follicle is 23.1 +/- 2.8 mm. In individual cases solid structures in the preovulatory follicle are recognized which probably correspond to the cumulus oophorus. The corpus luteum structure is significantly larger than the preovulatory follicle with a size of 28.1 +/- 6.7 mm. Corpus luteum cysts can persist until the maturation phase of the next menstrual cycle. The shift from corpus luteum to dominant follicle of the next menstrual cycle can occur alternating between ovaries or homolaterally .

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1984

Serum prolactin levels in patients with fibrocystic breast disease.

In 193 patients suffering from fibrocystic breast disease, basal serum prolactin concentrations were determined and compared to serum prolactin levels in 193 healthy women. In 45 additional patients and 23 healthy control subjects, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was performed. The response to TRH in seven healthy female volunteers and in one patient with fibrocystic breast disease, was correlated with the mean serum prolactin levels over 24 hours. Serum prolactin levels were above normal in 45.6% of the patients and in 21.2% of the control subjects. Mean values of the two groups were significantly different (P less than .001). The maximum prolactin response to TRH stimulation was significantly higher in the study patients than in the control subjects (P less than .001). The TRH-stimulated prolactin response correlated positively with the mean 24-hour level (P less than .01, r = 0.8705). These results indicate that a high proportion of patients with fibrocystic breast disease exhibit increased daily prolactin secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonographic and hormonal studies in physiologic and insufficient menstrual cycles.

Intraovarian morphologic alterations in 6 physiologic menstrual cycles were studied by sonography and compared with 13 inadequate cycles with a short or missing luteal phase. In addition, basal body temperature, 17 beta-estradiol, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in serum were measured. The maximal follicle was significantly smaller in insufficient cycles (17.7 +/- 2.9 mm) than in physiologic cycles (23.0 +/- 2.3 mm). Corpus luteum structure was visualized in five of the six physiologic cycles but was not detected in insufficient cycles. Persistent polyfollicular reaction (greater than 3 follicles per ovary) without a dominant follicle larger than 10 mm was detected in the ovaries of three patients with clinical and hormonal signs of polycystic ovarian disease. Ultrasonography can be regarded as a useful additional tool in the evaluation and management of insufficient ovarian cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonographic and endocrinological studies of ovarian function.

Ovarian morphological alterations in 6 physiological menstrual cycles were studied by sonography and compared to 13 inadequate cycles with a short or missing luteal phase. In addition, basal body temperature (BBT) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and dehydro-epiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels in serum were measured. Maximal follicle were significantly smaller in insufficient cycles (17.7 +/- 2.9 mm) than in physiological cycles (23 +/- 2.3 mm). Corpus luteum (CL) structure was visualized in 5 of the 6 physiological cycles but was not detected in insufficient cycles. Persistent poly-follicular reaction (greater than 3 follicles/ovary) without a dominant follicle larger than 10 mm was detected in the ovaries of 3 patients with clinical and hormonal signs of polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).

Corpus Luteum↗