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Biomedical subjects

M Brandt

Publications and source records attributed to M Brandt.

206 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermal knot fixation].

Knots represent the weakest point in suture material. As a result of bending and tension, forces develop within the knot that exceed the strength of the suture material and lead to rupture. Furthermore, because of their relatively large surface area, the most pronounced reactions occur in the vicinity of knots. The results of in vitro experiments conducted with the aim of improving the strength of knots are reported. The knot holding capacity of polypropylene filaments (EP 5/USP 2) was determined at room temperature (22 degrees C) after exposure to temperatures of 63, 98 and 150 degrees C. Knots that were exposed to a temperature of 98 degrees C for 10 seconds had a 50% higher holding capacity than untreated knots. With a higher knot holding capacity, secure fixation can be achieved with fewer knots. Since fewer knots have a smaller surface area, a reduction in tissue reaction may be expected.

Heating↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Suture surface and suture strength of polypropylene monofilaments].

Knots form the weakest sections in suture materials. The addition of forces in the knot caused by bend and tension exceed the strength of the suture material and lead to rupture in the knot. Furthermore the most pronounced tissue reactions occur in the surrounding of knots because of their relatively large surface as compared to the linear filament. With a higher knot holding capacity a secure fixation can be achieved with less knots. As a reduced number of knots leads to a smaller surface a reduced tissue reaction can be expected. Because of high rigidity and a low coefficient of friction synthetic monofilaments achieve only a low knot holding capacity. To improve the knot holding capacity a usually large number of knots is being used. With increasing surface of exogenous materials the extent of foreign-body reactions increases, e.g. formation of granuloma. Results of in-vitro experiments are reported that were conducted to identify the smallest secure knot in polypropylene filaments of various diameters.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of orthodontic pain.

Orthodontics is an elective dental procedure generally believed to involve pain. In certain individuals, the pain caused by orthodontic tooth movement can be a major negative component of the entire therapy. Clinicians who are aware of this fact can attempt to prevent pain rather than ameliorate it once it is present and help make the experience a more positive one for the patient. Orthodontic forces should be kept at suitable levels and care taken to prevent trauma due to hyperocclusion. In procedures suspected to cause significant painful stimuli (such as forcing bands on unseparated teeth, removal of fixed expanders, initial placement of archwires, or lingual arches), or in particularly sensitive patients, the use of analgesics may be indicated. These agents should be taken prior to the procedure and for a minimum of 24 hours following the procedure. Acetaminophen is recommended in young children, while nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are indicated in older patients.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of image analysis techniques for objective quantification of the efficacy of different hair removal methods.

In the field of consumer-used cosmetics for hair removal and hair growth reduction, there is a need for improved quantitative methods to enable the evaluation of efficacy and claim support. Optimized study designs and investigated endpoints are lacking to compare the efficacy of standard methods, like shaving or plucking, with new methods and products, such as depilating instruments or hair-growth-reducing cosmetics. Non-invasive image analysis, using a high-performance microscope combined with an optimized image analysis tool, was investigated to assess hair growth. In one step, high-resolution macrophotographs of the legs of female volunteers after shaving and plucking with cold wax were compared to observe short-term hair regrowth. In a second step, images obtained after plucking with cold wax were taken over a long-term period to assess the time, after which depilated hairs reappeared on the skin surface. Using image analysis, parameters like hair length, hair width, and hair projection area were investigated. The projection area was found to be the parameter most independent of possible image artifacts such as irregularities in skin or low contrast due to hair color. Therefore, the hair projection area was the most appropriate parameter to determine the time of hair regrowth. This point of time is suitable to assess the efficacy of different hair removal methods or hair growth reduction treatments by comparing the endpoint after use of the hair removal method to be investigated to the endpoint after simple shaving. The closeness of hair removal and visible signs of skin irritation can be assessed as additional quantitative parameters from the same images. Discomfort and pain rating by the volunteers complete the set of parameters, which are required to benchmark a new hair removal method or hair-growth-reduction treatment. Image analysis combined with high-resolution imaging techniques is a powerful tool to objectively assess parameters like hair length, hair width, and projection area. To achieve reliable data and to reduce well known image-analysis artifacts, it was important to optimize the technical equipment for use on human skin and to improve image analysis by adaptation of the image-processing procedure to the different skin characteristics of individuals, like skin color, hair color, and skin structure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adhesion molecules in liver transplantation.

Adhesion molecules play a central role in regulation of the immune response after liver allografting. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of expression and induction of cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion molecules after liver transplantation. The current knowledge on the stepwise generation of tissue inflammation, the differential expression of adhesion molecules on liver endothelia, infiltrating leukocytes, and their induction by cytokines is summarized. New diagnostic options and possible therapeutic strategies by using monoclonal antibodies to adhesion molecules are described.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗