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Biomedical subjects

M Bourgeois

Publications and source records attributed to M Bourgeois.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Emotional and psychiatric postpartum complications].

The three emotional and psychiatric complications of post-partum are: puerperal psychoses; post-natal depressions; and post-partum blues. Puerperal psychoses (prevalence = 0.2%) are now well known in their clinical and therapeutic aspects. Much less known are the post-natal depressions, in spite of their high incidence (10 to 20% of women). The consequences upon the life of patients and mother-child bond are still ignored. These depressions are too rarely adequately treated. Finally, post-partum blues is to be recognized for a preventive purpose, its intensity being a predictive factor of post-natal depression.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Schizophrenia sans frontieres: concepts of schizophrenia among French and British psychiatrists.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the first admission rates for schizophrenia in England and France, and to compare the concept of schizophrenia held by practising British and French psychiatrists. DESIGN: Comparative study of incidence rates in England and France; and postal questionnaire survey of a sample of about 1 in 30 psychiatrists in the United Kingdom and in l'Aquitaine, France. SUBJECTS: All first admissions for schizophrenia to psychiatric hospitals in England and France 1973-82; 92 psychiatrists in the United Kingdom and 69 in France. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age adjusted first admission rates for schizophrenia between 1973-82; and opinions on the aetiology, diagnosis, and management of schizophrenia. RESULTS: First admission rates were much higher in France than in England before the age of 45, but lower after that age. Rates were falling in England over the 10 year period, while they were rising in France. In the questionnaire study English and French psychiatrists showed prominent differences of opinion for 31 out of 38 statements. The French sample did not diagnose schizophrenia after the age of 45 and endorsed psychoanalytical concepts. CONCLUSIONS: British and French psychiatrists use different diagnostic criteria and contrasting methods of treatment for schizophrenia. Differences in diagnostic criteria probably contribute towards the disparity in administrative incidence rates and time trends for schizophrenia in the two countries. Doctors in the European Community can now work in any country. Further work is needed to ensure psychiatrists are talking a common language.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of PGE2, misoprostol, and enprostil on guinea pig enterocyte adenylate cyclase. Clinical implications.

Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) are known to stimulate intestinal water and electrolyte secretions via the activation of the enterocyte adenylate cyclase. Their methylated synthetic analogs misoprostol and enprostil induced diarrhea in 5-13% of the patients in most clinical studies. In order to elucidate the role of PGE-adenylate cyclase interaction in these phenomena, we studied the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by native prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and synthetic PGE analogs on isolated guinea pig intestinal epithelial cells. PGE2 stimulation of adenylate cyclase was dose-dependent, reaching a maximum for 3 x 10(-4) M, with an EC50 of 3.7 x 10(-6) M. The Hill analysis of the concentration-response curve gave a straight line, with a slope close to 1. The effect of PGE2 was strictly additive to that of 10(-5) M forskolin, whereas it was decreased in terms of potency by 10(-9) M cholera toxin. Somatostatin-14 markedly inhibited PGE2 stimulation by 37% and 45% with 10(-9) M and 10(-6) M, respectively. The two PGE methylated analogs misoprostol and enprostil were less potent than PGE2 in stimulating adenylate cyclase in our model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of manic patient subgroups.

Fifty patients satisfying DSM-III-R criteria for mania were included in a naturalistic study. Manic patients were categorized into three diagnostic groups according to the DSM-III-R criteria of non-psychotic or psychotic mania, and into the four groups obtained by the cluster analysis of Double (Double, D.B. (1991) Compr. Psychiatry 32, 187-194). Personal history and short-term outcome did not differ between the DSM-III-R diagnostic groups nor between the groups defined by cluster analysis, although non-psychotic manic patients more frequently tended to receive lithium and/or anticonvulsant drugs alone at discharge. Cluster 3 patients presenting with manic and 'schizophrenic' symptoms had an earlier age of onset and were younger at admission than patients in the other three clusters.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction late after coarctation repair in childhood: influence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

OBJECTIVES: Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were evaluated late after successful operation for aortic coarctation in childhood. BACKGROUND: Persistent arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy after coarctation repair might impair left ventricular function. METHODS: Biplane angiography and simultaneous high fidelity pressure measurements were performed in 12 patients 3 to 12 years postoperatively (residual pressure gradient 4 mm Hg). Eight patients were normotensive and four had borderline hypertension. Data at rest and after nitroprusside infusion (1.7 micrograms/kg per min) were evaluated and compared with data from 12 control subjects. RESULTS: Systolic left ventricular function (ejection fraction-end-systolic wall stress relation) was normal in all patients. However, left ventricular muscle mass (113 vs. 86 g/m2), right atrial pressure (5.2 vs. 1.9 mm Hg) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (16 vs. 11 mm Hg) were significantly higher in patients than in control subjects. There was a linear relation between muscle mass and left ventricular end-diastolic (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) or right atrial (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) pressure. Left ventricular relaxation and myocardial stiffness were normal. However, there was an upward shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curve when compared with control values, but this shift was reversed by the administration of nitroprusside. CONCLUSIONS: Systolic function is normal late after coarctation repair. However, diastolic function can be abnormal with an upward shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curve that is reversed by nitroprusside administration and is probably due to residual left ventricular hypertrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A comparative study of obstetric history in schizophrenics, bipolar patients and normal subjects.

Information on pregnancy and birth complications was collected for 46 patients with DSM-IIIR schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and for 23 normal controls. Pregnancy complications were more frequent and birth complications more frequent and more severe in schizophrenics than in bipolar patients or in normal controls. In contrast with other findings in the literature, more obstetric complications (OCs) were found in female than male schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

We report 22 cases of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. In addition to repeated episodes of hemiplegia lasting from a few minutes to several days, the disease was characterized by an onset before 18 months of age, the occurrence of tonic or dystonic attacks, nystagmus, dyspnea and other autonomic phenomena, and the development of cognitive impairment and of a choreoathetotic movement disorder. All the patients also had episodes of quadriplegia that occurred either when a hemiplegia was shifting from one side to the other or as an isolated manifestation. Such episodes were often severe and followed by developmental deterioration. In all children, sleep consistently relieved both weakness and associated paroxysmal phenomena, but these would reappear 10 to 20 minutes after the children awakened, during long-lasting episodes. Although six patients also had epileptic seizures, the condition seems to be distinct from epilepsy, and the clinical features and poor outcome differentiate it from migraine. Treatment with the calcium-entry blocker flunarizine was partially effective.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular systolic function late after coarctation repair: influence of early vs late surgery.

The study was designed to assess non-invasively the long-term effect of coarctation repair on systemic blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) muscle mass (LMM) and LV systolic function. Blood pressure and pressure gradients across the coarctation site were measured at rest and during exercise. LV systolic function and LMM were assessed by echocardiography. Twenty-eight patients late after successful coarctation repair were divided according to their age at surgery into two groups: group 1: < 1 year (10 days-12 months, mean 0.2 years) and group 2: > 1 year (1-19 years, mean 9.7 years). A group of age- and sex-matched patients with normal LV function served as controls. LMM was increased late postoperatively in both groups irrespective of the age at surgery and was correlated significantly with the elevated systolic blood pressure and the residual pressure gradient at exercise. End-systolic wall stress was normal at rest and the stress/velocity relationship revealed normal contractility in all patients. Despite successful operation of aortic coarctation, residual LV hypertrophy persists 2 to 19 years after surgery irrespective of the age at surgery. LV systolic function is normal. Hypertrophy can be explained by the residual arm-leg pressure gradient during exercise which persists even after successful repair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Stress, anxiety, panic. Panic attack and panic disorder. A new psychiatric concept].

Pathological anxiety--painful and incapacitating--can be defined as perception of stress with cognitive distortion. The traditional unitary model of anxiety neurosis is replaced by the american model (DSM III) with "panic disorder" and "panic attacks" representing the cornerstone of the new construct, based on the evidence (by Donald Klein) of the efficacy of so-called antidepressant drugs. Behavioral and cognitive treatments are useful, mainly in anxiety with agoraphobia. "General anxiety disorder" is now considered as a "residual category". Clinical aspects, differential diagnosis, circumstances of onset, pharmacological induction of panic attacks (specially by lactate and caffeine), and treatments, are reviewed.

Anxiety Disorders↗