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Biomedical subjects

M Blumenthal

Publications and source records attributed to M Blumenthal.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The penetration of gentamicin into the vitreous humor in man.

Twenty-two patients received gentamicin intramuscularly or subconjunctivally 35-220 min prior to undergoing ocular surgery. There were no detectable gentamicin levels in the vitreous humor of patients who received the drug systemically. Of the patients who received gentamicin subconjunctivally, three quarters had no detectable gentamicin levels, only three of these patients had therapeutic concentrations in their vitreous humor. These results confirm kinetic drug studies performed in animals in which low or absent vitreal gentamicin levels were observed following systemic and subconjunctival administrations. It is suggested that intravitreal injection of aminoglycosides is required in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diacetyl derivative of nadolol. I. Ocular pharmacology and short-term ocular hypotensive effect in glaucomatous eyes.

On topical application to rabbit eyes, the diacetate ester of nadolol was more easily absorbed into ocular tissue than nadolol and was enzymatically hydrolyzed to nadolol within the eye. In a 24-hour clinical study, the ocular hypotensive activities of 0.5% diacetyl nadolol, 2% diacetyl nadolol, 2% nadolol, and 0.5% timolol maleate in subjects with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were compared. Both concentrations of diacetyl nadolol significantly reduced intraocular pressure during the first six hours. Two percent diacetyl nadolol was as effective as 0.5% timolol maleate during the first eight hours. During the remainder of the testing period, timolol showed greater IOP control. Two percent diacetyl nadolol and 2% nadolol showed similar ocular hypotensive effects both in magnitude and duration in this short-term study.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber following repeated keratoplasty.

A 17-year-old man underwent five perforating keratoplasties. The first operation was due to keratoconus and the first two grafts were rejected. Five months after the second operation, the patient complained of severe ocular pains and retrocorneal and iris membranes were noted. Because of acute glaucoma, a peripheral iridectomy was performed, followed by by trabeculectomy due to persistent high pressure. After the third keratoplasty, a diagnosis of epithelial downgrowth was histopathologically established. Fourth and fifth keratoplasties were done because of corneal abscesses, this time combined with membrane peeling from the vitreous cavity. Epithelial cells were diagnosed again in histopathological examination of material removed from the vitreous. The rarity of epithelial downgrowth after surgically uncomplicated keratoplasty and the importance of the symptom of severe disabling pain are stressed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Macular pucker following accidental laser burn.

A case of an accidental exposure to a high intensity Q-switched infrared laser beam is described. A paramacular burn, splinter hemorrhages on the disc margin, and vitreous hemorrhage were the initial findings. Later, a paramacular pucker developed, causing reduction in visual acuity to 6/12. Microvascular accident on the disc margin is assumed to be the cause of a paracentral scotoma located fairly far from the image area.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1980

Use of human fibroblast-derived (beta) interferon in the treatment of epidemic adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis.

Topical application of human fibroblast-derived (beta) interferon (HulFN-beta) has been used in treatment of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus. Patients received a total of 1-2 x 10(5) reference units of HulFN-beta per day, divided into 8-10 drops. Control patients received corticosteroid therapy or a placebo containing human serum albumin, with the same administration schedule. The severity and evolution of symptoms was analyzed according to a number of clinical criterias. The results indicate that in the interferon-treated group the length of the disease was reduced from an average of 27 days to 6.5 days. The number of cases in which keratitis occurred as a complication of the disease was reduced in the interferon-treated group to 10%, as opposed to 57% in the control group. Doses of interferon lower than 5 x 10(4) units per day, were not effective to prevent keratitis.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1980

Long-term treatment of systemic mastocytosis with histamine H2 receptor antagonists.

A patient with systemic mastocytosis, accompanied by gastric hypersecretion and duodenal ulcer, was treated with metiamide followed by daily cimetidine for 44 months. Treatment with cimetidine resulted in healing of the ulcer, without recurrence and marked amelioration of the cutaneous symptoms of mastocytosis. Complete suppression of basal gastric hypersecretion was documented after 33 months of treatment and cimetidine and Vitamin B12 absorption remained normal. Cimetidine reduced the patient's cutaneous response to intradermal histamine without affecting leucocyte histamine release. No cimetidine toxicity was observed. These results indicate that effective long-term control of histamine-induced gastric hypersecretion can be achieved with cimetidine. They suggest that some of the cutaneous symptoms of mastocytosis are mediated via histamine H2 receptors in the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Trabeculotomy in late onset congenital glaucoma.

All eyes of children above the age of 1 year referred because of glaucoma were treated with trabeculotomy as the primary procedure. The surgery was modified by the excision of a rectangle of tissue in the deep scleral bed under the scleral flap instead of the classical radial incision. This serves to exteriorise Schlemm's canal while thinning the scleral tissue, without, however, entering the anterior chamber. A total of 7 eyes in 5 children between the ages of 1 and 9 years were operated upon. In 6 of the 7 eyes intraocular pressure has remained under 20 mmHg without treatment after follow-up of between 18 months and 4 years. In the seventh eye intraocular pressure was controlled for 2 years but has since required epinephrine drops twice daily for the maintenance of pressure below 20 mmHg. In 4 of the 7 eyes flat, diffuse conjunctival filtering blebs are present, but no complications have been encountered. We consider that trabeculotomy may be recommended for children with late-onset congenital glaucoma.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Optic atrophy after irrigation of the lacrimal ducts with chloramphenicol.

A case is presented of permanent visual loss and optic atrophy following irrigation of the lower canaliculus after probing, with a 20% solution of chloramphenicol. A false passage had apparently been created allowing the solution to gain access to the orbital tissues. The ensuing orbital edema probably caused a central retinal artery occlusion. This is a previously unreported complication of a common ophthalmologic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A clinical trial with Piloplex--a new long-acting pilocarpine compound: preliminary report.

A clinical comparison of the effect of Piloplex (an emulsion containing a new pilocarpine polymer compound) to that of pilocarpine hydrochloride 2% q.i.d.hloride on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was performed on 93 eyes of 51 open-angle glaucoma cases. Clinical studies showed that Piloplex produced a prolonged therapeutic effect, this being consistent with the slow release pattern it has displayed during in vitro experiments. Comparison of diurnal IOP measurements of 84 eyes have shown that when treated with Piloplex, 11 b.i.d., 58 eyes (69%) were under control (IOP values less than 20 mm Hg), whereas only 34 of these 84 eyes (40.5%) were under control when treated with pilocarpine hydrochloride 2% q.i.d. The overall mean diurnal IOP value of the 84 eyes during the treatment with Piloplex, 11 b.i.d., was lower by 2.89 mm Hg (P less than 0.005) than the overall mean diurnal IOP of the same eyes while treated with pilocarpine hydrochloride 2% q.i.d.

Adult↗