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Biomedical subjects

M Blanc

Publications and source records attributed to M Blanc.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A fluorimetric enzyme-linked immunoassay (FEIA) for measurement of anti-D antibodies.

A new enzyme-linked immunoassay for the determination of anti-erythrocyte antibodies is described. A fluorogenic substrate of alkaline phosphatase, the 4-MUP, was used to reveal the antigen-antibody reaction. This substrate was chosen in order to avoid interferences with haemoglobin, since it emits a light with a wavelength outside the absorption spectrum of haemoglobin. This method reaches a sensitivity in the order of 1 ng/ml. Sera from 66 Rh-immunized pregnant women and 20 control subjects have been studied. The specificity and reproducibility of the results and their good correlation with the biological and clinical parameters of the hemolytic disease of the newborn confirm the validity of the method, encouraging its routine use.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Is there any relationship between antinociception, doses and plasma levels of clomipramine during subchronic treatment in rats?

The antinociceptive effects and the plasma levels (evaluated by high liquid pressure chromatography) of clomipramine during a subchronic (5 days) treatment were studied in rats using the Nilsen's test. Clomipramine (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg administered by mouth) showed a clear dose-dependent analgesic effect. The study of the partial correlation coefficients did not found a relationship between plasma levels and antinociception under our experimental conditions. These results suggest that regular monitoring of plasma levels of clomipramine appears to be useless in the treatment of patients with chronic pain.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1984

Isoniazid plasma and lymph kinetics after intravenous injection in dogs.

Isoniazid pharmacokinetics after bolus intravenous injection in dogs has been studied using concentration measurements in plasma and in the lymph collected as the outflow of the thoracic duct. Simple graphical analysis as well as fitting of the data indicates that the plasma concentration exhibits biexponential decrease whereas three exponential components are detected in lymphatic kinetics. The discrepancy in the number of exponentials cannot be accounted for by a catenary three-compartment model. Another model, which is compatible with the anatomo-physiological characteristics of the lymphatic circulation is proposed. To account for transfer delays between the plasma-lymph exchange areas and the site of measurement, we assume that the drug concentration in the lymph collected at the extremity of the thoracic duct is the convolution of the interstitial lymphatic concentration with an exponential distribution of transit times. Assuming, furthermore, that a rapid equilibrium between plasma and interstitial lymph is established and that variations in the lymphatic flow are negligible, this model provides an adequate description of isoniazid plasma and lymph kinetics as can be judged from: 1. the satisfactory adjustment of model predicted values to the concentration measurements after global nonlinear least-squares fitting of plasmatic and lymphatic data; 2. the agreement of the estimated isoniazid pharmacokinetic parameters with values reported in literature. This agreement suggests that lymphatic concentrations at the exit of the thoracic duct give an indirect and distorted picture of interstitial fluid isoniazid levels whose kinetics, in fact, closely follows that existing in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment by intensive sequential chemotherapy].

Sixty-two patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse mixed, diffuse large cells, non-cleaved small cells (Burkitt-like), immunoblastic, lymphoblastic and other non-epidermotropic T lymphomas) were treated by intensive sequential chemotherapy combining heavy induction treatment (modified CHOP-Bleo), sequential consolidation treatment (cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine, then high-dose methotrexate and L-asparaginase) and final reinforcement (CVAP-Bleo). Complete remission was achieved in 59 patients (95%); 11 patients (18%) relapsed. Two patients died during the induction phase and one failed to respond. Two patients died of an unrelated disease while in complete remission. Blood toxicity was tolerable and treatment could be conducted without problems in most cases. The median survival cannot be reached with a 14-months follow-up, but the survival rate seems to plateau at 70%. The only two prognostic factors identified were poor general condition and high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

[Initial trials in the treatment of feto-maternal alloimmunization in the Rhesus system with oral administration of erythrocyte antigens].

A group of 14 pregnant women with severe Rh-iso-immunization were treated by the administration of oral antigens (stromas). The aim of the treatment was to try to induce a modification of the immune response of these patients in order to minimize the fetal or neonatal consequences of their Rh-iso-immunization. The progress and outcome of the treated pregnancies are compared with those of a group of women presenting an Rh-iso-immunization of comparable severity treated according to standard methods. Stroma therapy is found to be without any danger for the mother or fetus. Even though there are 9 surviving infants in the treatment group and only 5 in the control group, the analysis of the results does not show any statistically significant difference in the two series. The results of this preliminary study would seem to justify the creation of a therapeutic trial.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Invasive isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis. Case report].

Case report on a 57-year-old man who died in progressive respiratory distress with bilateral infiltrates. Sarcoidosis was suspected because of the presence of non-caseating epitheloid granulomas in transbronchial lung biopsies and the elevation of circulating antibodies directed against Kveim antigen. Temperature rose progressively one month after starting steroid treatment. Broad spectrum antibiotics were given without success. Autopsy showed invasive isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcosis↗
PubMed1982

Influence of 2 Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) on the secretion of prolactin, LH, FSH and testosterone and on testicular growth in rams subjected to different photoperiods.

The influence of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) on the secretion of gonadotrophins and on testicular function has been studied in rams subjected to either a normal photoperiod or an abnormal photoperiod causing hyperprolactinaemia. The CB 154 treatment significantly lowered the mean frequency of LH and testosterone pulses in hyperprolactinaemic animals as compared to solvent-treated ones. Also, only those groups subjected to an abnormal photoperiod (groups 2 and 3) exhibited a significant rise in the frequency of LH and testosterone peaks after CB 154 was withdrawn. During treatment, plasma FSH concentrations increased significantly only in group 1 which was subjected to normal photoperiodic variations. Testicular growth was delayed in CB 154-treated rams compared to solvent-treated ones only in group 3 (hyperprolactinaemic).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Intrabronchial diffusion of amoxycillin when administered by two different injection modes (author's transl)].

Twelve ICU patients, all with broncho-pulmonary infection were treated with 50 mg/kg-1/24 h-1 of amoxycillin administered every eight hours, either by one hour perfusion, or by brief IV injection (2'). Both modes were given to all of the patients in order to determine, by comparison, the most efficient treatment. There is no significant difference in serum levels after perfusion or IV injection. However, IV injection is preferable because of a significant difference in bronchial levels after 3 hours (p less than 0.01). In most cases, the bronchial levels and the bronchio/serum concentration ratios, while not significantly different, are higher than after perfusion. None of the results justify the use of perfusion.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1981

Influence of the ionic environment on the in vitro transcription of the spinach plastid DNA by a selectively bound RNA-polymerase DNA complex.

The in vitro transcription of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is studied using a DNA-protein complex isolated from spinach plastids. The RNA products are compared to the in vivo synthesized ctRNA by competition for hybridization. At least 80% of the in vitro RNA sequences are present in vivo. Modifications of ionic strength or introduction of heparin in the reaction medium has an important effect on transcriptional activity of the complex. Furthermore, the length of the RNA chains increases ionic strength and amount of heparin. The RNA products are analysed by Southern hybridizations to EcoRI cTDNA fragments. Changes in the ionic strength or in the amount of heparin modify heterogeneously the transcription of the various DNA regions. The quantitative distribution of transcripts among the ctDNA fragments is used as evidence for the selectivity of the transcription. The activity of the DNA-protein complex is much more resistant to high ionic strength than an heterologous transcription system using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and ctDNA. This latter system transcribes less ctDNA fragments.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of some platelet parameters in a group of elderly people.

Platelet production time (PPT), plasmatic beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), platelet density distribution, and mepacrine labelled granular content of the platelets were simultaneously determined in a group of elderly subjects. Vascular deterioration, assessed by the history and clinical examination, was variable in extension and severity. PPT was slightly but not significantly shortened, whereas the raised beta-TG level and diminished platelet density and granular content suggested an in vivo release reaction process. The results are not correlated with the apparent severity of vascular deterioration, and the release reaction may not be solely related to enhanced platelet-vessel wall interactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hormonal and follicular relationships in ewes of high and low ovulation rates.

Total follicular populations and peripheral plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone during the preceding cycle were studied in two breeds of sheep (Romanov and Ile-de-France) which differed widely in their ovulation rates (3.2 and 1.5 respectively). No LH parameters could be correlated with the follicular details measured. The second peak of FSH occurring 20-30 h after the preovulatory surge of LH was significantly larger in the Romanov ewes and the area under this peak was correlated (P less than 0.01) with the number of antral follicles present in the ovary 17 days later. This suggests that formation of the antrum during the follicular growth phase is under the control of FSH. The discharge of prolactin preceding the LH peak, although not significantly different between breeds, was correlated with several of the follicular classes measured, including the number of preantral follicles. The peak value of oestradiol-17 beta measured before the LH peak was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the Romanov ewes and was correlated with the number of the largest follicles present. There was no significant difference between breeds in the concentration of oestradiol at the onset of oestrus. The progesterone concentration during the luteal phase was highly correlated with the number of preovulatory follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effects of surgery on plasma amino acids levels].

This study was aimed at comparing pre- and immediately postoperative plasma amino acids levels in ten patients undergoing moderately important surgery and anaesthetised using the same protocol. Amino acid levels were measured using and automatic analyser equipped with an ion exchanger column. Changes in total blood amino acid levels showed wide variations. It is difficult to assess the role played by possible changes in blood volume, and for this reason results are expressed as a percentage of total amino acid levels. Under such conditions, findings were as follows: - taurine and alamine rose significantly; - there was a significant fall in serine, citrulline, alpha- amino-butyric acid and isoleucine. The results of this study differed markedly from findings reported in the literature: the authors noted a fall in plasma amino acid levels both in relation to preoperative levels as well as in relation to "normal" levels in the literature. This could be related to haemodilution, this hypothesis being supported by the fall in total aminogram in eight of the ten patients of the group. The most notable fact in the variations seen in this study was the rise in plasma alamine levels which could be indicative of a fall in gluconeogenesis. This hypothesis requires confirmation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Prognostic importance of skin tests in high-risk patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit].

This report involves the study of skin test carried out using five antigens (tuberculin, candidin, -haemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus albus, pertussis bacillus) in 33 patients hospitalised in a polyvalent intensive care unit with two criteria of inclusion:--associated excretion of 20 g of nitrogen or more per hour;--severe infectious complications (either pneumonia or septicaemia). Three patient populations were found: true anergism (all skin tests negative), relative anergism (one test only positive) and reactive (at least two tests positive). Results were analysed at two levels. With regard to the value of the tests: the use of candidin or of haemolytic streptococcus alone would have sufficed to classify the patients within the same groups with two exceptions. Secondly, from a prognostic standpoint, the study confirmed data in the literature. There was a significant between the anergic and reactive groups in terms of survival. This applied both to tests performed at the time of admission of the patients as well as those repeated one week later.

Adult↗