Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Blanc

Publications and source records attributed to M Blanc.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Skin ultrasound in dermatologic surgical planning.

High-resolution ultrasonography was performed on 55 patients with palpable skin lesions, all submitted to surgical excision and to histologic diagnosis. In all the cases, the ultrasound picture was confirmed by the surgical appearance of the lesions. The sonographic structure was characteristic in the case of cysts and angiomas, lymphangiomas in particular. Ultrasonography is considered a simple and reliable technique for the pre-operative evaluation of skin nodules, as it gives a clear picture of their size, depth, and outline. However, sonography cannot substitute for the clinical dermatologic approach and the need for an histologic diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bronchial carcinoid tumors: radiologic observations in 49 cases.

A retrospective evaluation was performed of radiographs obtained in 49 cases of bronchial carcinoid at presentation and during a follow-up period of 12 years. Histologic diagnosis from the surgical specimen was available in all cases. Carcinoids appeared most frequently (77%) as round or oval opacities with sharp and often notched margins. They often induced airway compression with pulmonary atelectasis; enlarged hilar lymph nodes from metastasis were rare. Recurrence after surgical removal was not frequent; the recurrent masses had the same radiographic features as the original tumor. The diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid must be taken into consideration when a slowly growing radiopaque mass with well-defined margins is discovered on chest films. The radiologist must remember that these tumors can be resected with a fairly good prognosis even when they are large.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonography of nodular and infiltrative lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Ultrasonography with high-frequency probes was performed on 80 dermatological patients carrying palpable lesions of the skin. The case list included hemo- and lymphangiomas (16 cases), cysts (13 cases), Kaposi sarcomas (9 cases), and panniculitis (20 cases). All lesions underwent open biopsy and histological examination. Ultrasound yielded technically adequate images in 74/80 cases (93%). Angiomas appeared as multiple transonic cavities separated by hyperechoic septa; cysts were usually echo free or weakly echogenic, with smooth outlines. Kaposi sarcomas corresponded to superficial hypoechoic nodules with blurred margins, while panniculitis appeared as a diffuse thickening of the subcutaneous space. When acute inflammation was present, as in most cases of erythema nodosum, a nonhomogeneous hypoechoic pattern was found.

Cysts↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors and response to adenosine on the guinea-pig isolated trachea.

It has been reported that dipyridamole, an adenosine uptake inhibitor, and some benzodiazepines potentiate the responses to adenosine in peripheral organs and in particular, on guinea-pig isolated atria. In this paper, we have examined the potentiation of responses to adenosine produced by dipyridamole, diazepam and four compounds with selective agonistic activity towards the central (clonazepam) or peripheral (Ro5-4864) type benzodiazepine receptors or antagonistic activity towards the central (flumazenil) or peripheral (PK 11195) benzodiazepine receptors in guinea-pig trachea in vitro. In preparations under basal tone and in the absence of adenosine, dipyridamole (10(-5) M) and benzodiazepines (10(-4) M) with the exception of flumazenil induced a relaxation of the airway smooth muscle. In addition, diazepam (10(-4) M) attenuated the phasic response to histamine (10(-5) M). Dipyridamole, and the benzodiazepine agonists diazepam, Ro5-4864 and clonazepam (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) produced potentiation of the tracheal response to adenosine, the rank order of potency being dipyridamole (pKi = 7.77 +/- 0.12, n = 8) greater than Ro5-4864 (pKi = 5.43 +/- 0.18, n = 6) greater than or equal to diazepam greater than clonazepam (pKi = 4.84 +/- 0.11, n = 6). The two benzodiazepine receptor antagonists, flumazenil and PK 11195, gave a significant but small potentiation to adenosine only at 10(-4) M. In the presence of dipyridamole (10(-5) M), diazepam (10(-4) M) did not cause any further potentiation to adenosine. Additionally, the potentiation produced by diazepam was not antagonised by flumazenil, whereas it was potently antagonised by PK 11195. Similarly, PK 11195 potently inhibited the adenosine potentiation produced by Ro5-4864.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonography of proliferative vascular lesions of the skin.

High-resolution ultrasonography with small part probes was performed on 20 proliferative vascular lesions of the skin (3 lymphangiomas, 9 hemangiomas, 8 Kaposi sarcomas). All the lesions were submitted to histological examination. The histological cuts were made in the same planes as the ultrasound scans in order to obtain a direct comparison. The sonographic pattern of each histotype is characteristic and correlated with the corresponding histological picture. Lymphangiomas appear as large anechoic communicating cavities; hemangiomas have small hypoechoic areas separated by thin hyperechoic septa. Kaposi sarcomas possess a mixed sonographic structure with ill-defined margins. Ultrasound is proposed as a simple and harmless diagnostic aid to clinical examination of proliferative vascular lesions of the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Interethnic genetic differentiation: GM polymorphism in eastern Senegal.

Analysis of GM polymorphism has been performed on 1,806 individuals representing three sympatric ethnic groups--Bedik, Fulani, and Mandenkalu--of eastern Senegal. Haplotype frequencies estimated by maximum likelihood have been used to compute common genetic pools between the three samples and a number of other sub-Saharan African populations. Despite extreme linguistic and sociocultural differentiations and very high levels of endogamy, especially in the Bedik and Niokholo Mandenkalu, the three populations share about 90%-95% of their haplotype frequencies in a system which commonly provides strong genetic differentiations. This supports the view that, despite its importance at a large continental scale level, as it is discussed for a set of populations from many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, sociocultural differentiation usually has little effect on local genetic diversity.

Demography↗
PubMed1989

A rapid mechanical vibration procedure for purifying mature (Ia positive) columnar epithelial cells from the mouse small intestine.

A mechanical vibration method previously described for isolating gut epithelium was adapted to purify murine small intestinal epithelial cells in single cell suspension with high viability, good yield, optimal purity (99% epithelial cells with no other contaminating intestinal cells), and with preservation of phenotypical and physiological properties of epithelial cells. This rapid and easy procedure did not involve the use of any chelating agent or proteolytic enzyme. Extracted gut epithelial cells were suitable for in vitro functional assays within 45 min. Cell viability, as assessed by both the trypan blue due exclusion test and by titration of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the supernatant was greater than 75% up to 7 h after epithelial cell extraction. Light microscopy analysis of the duodeno-jejunal segment before and after mechanical vibration indicated that villous but not crypt epithelium was obtained using this method. Furthermore 99% of isolated epithelial cells expressed major histocompatibility class II (Ia) antigens indicating that the method was suitable for studies of the antigen presenting capacity of gut enterocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A new series of tricyclic (aryloximino)propanolamines displaying very high selective beta 2-blocking properties.

A new class of indanones 4 easily obtained by aryne type condensations, followed by transposition of the benzocyclobutanols 3 thus formed, were transformed into the corresponding oximinopropanolamines 7. These compounds were studied for their potential beta-blocking properties. It was found that 7 have generally low beta 1-blocking properties. Their beta 2-blocking action varies from low to very high. Interestingly one of them (7b) has the highest beta 2 activity/beta 1 activity (343) value known to date.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and the beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity according to time of conventional (C) and long acting (LA) propranolol in cirrhotic patients. Twenty-four patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and oesophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive either 160 mg C propranolol, 160 mg LA propranolol or placebo acutely and then following repeated administration (acute and chronic phases). Thereafter propranolol concentrations and beta-adrenoceptor blockade (resting and exercise heart rates) were measured at different intervals. 2. The Cmax was significantly higher with C propranolol in both phases. The time of Cmax was significantly later with LA propranolol in both phases. The AUCs were significantly higher after chronic administration with both formulations of propranolol. 3. The exercise peaks of beta-adrenoceptor blockade were similar between the two formulations and between the two phases of administration of propranolol. The duration of effective beta-adrenoceptor blockade was significantly longer in the chronic phase and seemed to be longer with LA than with C propranolol although this was not significant (72 +/- 31 vs 48 +/- 18 h, respectively). 4. There was a significant correlation between the log propranolol concentration and exercise heart rate but not with resting heart rate. No correlation could be demonstrated between pharmacological data and the Child Pugh score. 5. We conclude that in cirrhotic patients exercise testing was a reliable method in the assessment of beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Pharmacology of propranolol was found to be different according to the formulation or to the phase of administration.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

Genetic susceptibility to leprosy on a Caribbean Island: linkage analysis with five markers.

Our recent segregation analysis, carried out on 27 large pedigrees from a Caribbean island (Desirade), has shown the presence of recessive major gene(s) controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se and nonlepromatous leprosy, respectively. Linkage analysis was performed between each of these two detected genes and each of five markers typed in the Desirade population: HLA, ABO, Rhesus, Gm and Km. No positive significant lod score was observed. However, for leprosy per se close linkage was excluded with Rhesus and Gm (and also with ABO and HLA, considering a lower value for the frequency of the gene controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se). The highest lod score, although not significant, was obtained between the gene for nonlepromatous leprosy and ABO. Our overall results, joined with previous studies and experimental data, suggest that the gene controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se and that controlling susceptibility to nonlepromatous leprosy might be different, acting at successive stages of the immune response to infection with Mycobacterium leprae.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Non-Hodgkin's large B cell malignant lymphoma localized in the anterior mediastinum. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors present two cases of a specific variety of malignant non Hodgkin's lymphoma large B cell, characterised by an initial localisation in the anterior mediastinum where the tumors were adhesive and infiltrating, by the fact they appear, most of the time, in young women, by their usual resistance to treatment and by the presence of severe fibrosis on histological examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Study of skin ageing as a function of social and professional conditions: modification of the rheological parameters measured with a noninvasive method--indentometry.

Skin ageing was studied with a noninvasive method: indentometry. We measured two rheological parameters: resistance to pressure, indentation, under the pressure of 10 g/cm2, and elastic rebound, elasticity, after the removal of the pressure. We studied three different populations: cloistered nuns, white collar and blue collar workers. We found in all populations a steady decrease in elasticity as a function of age; this effect was always steeper in females. The working women lost their elasticity more rapidly than the nuns, and the male blue collar workers lost their elasticity more rapidly than the male white collar workers. The development of indentation as a function of age is somewhat different. The white collar males showed a steady loss of resistance to pressure with age much more rapidly than their blue collar counterparts. The females showed either a biphasic change (the nuns), no change at all (the white collar workers) or a loss of resistance to pressure (the blue collar workers). These results show that professional as well as social factors may influence skin ageing.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Studies on an isolated West Indies population. VI. Immunoglobulin (Gm and Km) allotypes.

A random sample of 221 individuals taken from 2000 inhabitants of a small Caribbean island of French origin were typed for Gm and Km allotypes. Gm haplotype frequencies were found to be significantly different from France. Km(1) frequency was found to be lower than in the French population. These differences suggest a small degree of admixture with the Black population, and genetic drift.

Black People↗
PubMed1988

Screening of the Philadelphia variant of galactokinase in racially unmixed black Africans: first results.

In previous reports, it was emphasized that the gene GALKA of galactokinase was the predominant allele in white populations and that another allele, GALKP, which reduces red blood cell activity (RBC GALK), was common in black people. In a group of black Americans living in Philadelphia, the frequency of GALKA was found to be very close to values expected from independent estimation of white admixture. The authors have suggested that the ancestors of these blacks might have been virtually all GALKP homozygous. We have looked for carriers of GALKP genotypes among 73 black Africans; only 33 probands were shown to have a low RBC GALK. To detect white admixture, immunoglobulin allotypes Km and Gm were investigated in 50 individuals of the sample; 15 GALKP carriers with low RBC GALK and 30 of 35 individuals with normal RBC GALK shared Gm phenotypes exclusive to blacks. Our work demonstrates for the first time the polymorphism of GALK in black Africans in the absence of white admixture.

Africa↗
PubMed1987

A Gm haplotype study in relation with HLA-DR in 155 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and their affected and non affected siblings.

In order to assess interaction between HLA and Gm for susceptibility to IDDM, the families of 155 IDDM probands were typed for HLA class I, II, III antigens and 16 Gm allotypes (including G2m23). Haplotypes were obtained for both systems. Individuals bearing the equivocal haplotype Gm (formula; see text) were excluded. The frequencies of the 6 Gm haplotypes detected were comparable in IDDM patients, sibling controls and unrelated controls. The number of Gm haplotypes was compatible with random segregation whether or not the HLA genotype was taken into account. However, analysis of the HLA-DR allelic combinations showed an increase of the uncommon haplotype Gm (formula; see text) in IDDM patients bearing DR3 in the absence of DR4 (Gm (formula; see text) phenotype frequency 43% vs 24% in other allelic combinations, p less than 0.04). When 21 diabetic and 154 non diabetic siblings of the probands were compared, the combined presence of DR3/ non 4 and Gm (formula; see text) was observed in 7 (33%) affected and 11 (7%) unaffected siblings (p less than 0.001), conferring a relative risk of 6.4 to siblings who bear both markers. All DR3/non 4 positive affected siblings (7/7) also carried Gm (formula; see text) compared with 27% (11/41) of unaffected siblings (p less than 0.001). This result suggests, that in spite of the absence of segregation distortion, interaction between Gm and HLA gene products may play a role in the familial penetrance of IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Susceptibility to human cutaneous leishmaniasis and HLA, Gm, Km markers.

A relationship between markers related to the immune response (HLA system, Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes) and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis was investigated in a population of Hmong refugees who had recently settled in French Guiana. Two approaches were used: 1) case/control comparisons of the marker phenotype distribution to detect possible associations; 2) multiple-case family studies to search for marker-linked genes. When the distribution of HLA-A, B, C, antigens and Gm, Km allotypes was compared between patients and controls, only a significant decrease of HLA-Cw7 antigen among leishmaniasis patients was detected (p = 0.01). No interaction between any two of these markers and the disease was found. On the other hand, neither an HLA, Gm or Km susceptibility gene could be demonstrated in the informative sets of affected siblings. These results are discussed with respect to those reported in other infectious diseases.

Disease Susceptibility↗
PubMed1987

Intensive chemotherapy in aggressive lymphomas: updated results of LNH-80 protocol and prognostic factors affecting response and survival.

One hundred patients with aggressive malignant lymphomas treated with the LNH-80 regimen were evaluated for long-term survival and pretreatment characteristics predictive of response and survival. LNH-80 consists of three intensive courses of adriamycin cyclophosphamide vindesine bleomycin (ACVB) followed by sequential consolidation and final intensification. Eighty-four patients went into complete remission (CR), eight had a partial response (PR), three failed to respond, and five died during induction. Twenty-three patients (27%) relapsed, in two of whom a prolonged second remission was obtained. Sixty-three patients are currently alive, two of them with disease. Four patients died in CR. Median survival and median freedom from relapse survival were not reached with a median follow-up of 4 1/2 years. Characteristics negatively associated with response in multivariate analysis were: poor performance status, bone marrow involvement, and two or more extranodal sites of disease. Duration of CR was associated with splenic involvement. Three characteristics were negatively associated with survival in multivariate analysis: age, high grade subtypes, and bone marrow involvement.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗