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Biomedical subjects

M Berger

Publications and source records attributed to M Berger.

1,278 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcutaneous use of regular human insulin (Novo): pharmacokinetics and continuous insulin infusion therapy.

The absorption kinetics of human insulin (Novo) were studied and compared with those of purified porcine insulin preparations in seven healthy men. The absorption of insulin after subcutaneous injection of human insulin (Actrapid, Novo) was significantly accelerated and its hypoglycemic effect significantly stronger when compared with porcine insulin (Actrapid). No differences in the absorption kinetics were observed using human insulin (Monotard, Novo) and porcine insulin (Monotard) preparations, respectively. A clinical trial was designed to determine whether the pharmacokinetic differences were relevant for the clinical use of regular human insulin. The efficacy of human and porcine insulin (Actrapid) was tested in a double-blind crossover protocol in 12 type I diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Near-normoglycemia was achieved with both types of insulin. Diurnal blood glucose values and excursions, insulin requirements, the frequency of mild hypoglycemic episodes, and the carbohydrate content of the diet were essentially identical. Thus, the differences between the absorption of human insulin and porcine regular insulin from a subcutaneous depot as observed in the pharmacokinetic studies in normal man do not appear to be relevant in the clinical practice of the subcutaneous insulin replacement therapy in type I diabetes mellitus at near-normoglycemia.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scleroderma: peripheral vascular exploration by Doppler ultrasound (author's transl)].

In this preliminary study the authors consider the data that a Doppler investigation may provide for scleroderma. These data are on three levels. 1) At the diagnostic stage: in case of Raynaud phenomenon the Doppler investigation might allow to establish a diagnosis at an early stage in one of two directions:--whether a Raynaud disease, in case of a normal Doppler without taking into account its long-term future;--whether a Raynaud syndrome, in case of abnormal Doppler (thrombosis of the cubital artery or digital collaterals. Because of a recurring fact we must consider scleroderma first; 2) At the therapeutic stage, the Doppler investigation will perhaps allow to select at an early stage the patients who are able to respond to a cervical sympathectomy in a favorable way. 3) At the pathogenic stage, the Doppler investigation should allow a better selection of patients who are suspicious of being affected with a macroangiopathy has to be accurately diagnosed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality of women resorting to repeated voluntary abortions].

Women having recourse to repeated voluntary abortion are more and more numerous. Contraception is not a prophylactic mean for that, and it explains the interest to study the personality of women who abort repeatedly. We tested 41 of these women with the Minnesota Multiphasic. The answers showed psychotic and psychopathic tendencies, all the more as they were younger.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenetic factors of Alzheimer disease].

The aim of this article is to review the pathogenetic factors of Alzheimer's disease. Primary correlates of Alzheimer's disease are a dysfunction of and a subsequent decrease in the number of cortical and hippocampal synapses, followed by neurofibrillary and neuritic changes of hippocampal and cortical neurons. While the synapse pathology has been shown to be an early event in Alzheimer's disease, a significant neurofibrillary and neuritic pathology appears to develop only during the course of the disease. Cortical amyloid deposits are an unspecific, age-related phenomenon that can also be found in the brains of the majority of nondemented elderly persons over the age of 65 years. Transgenic amyloid mice proved to be of only limited value as animal models of Alzheimer' disease. According to several studies, there is no correlation between the total number of cortical amyloid plaques and clinical parameters of dementia. However, such a correlation exists with respect to the proportion of neuritic plaques, i.e., with respect to the degree of neuritic degeneration within plaques. In addition to these changes, an interleukin-6 associated inflammatory response has been found in the cortices of Alzheimer patients which is absent in the brains of nondemented elderly persons, and which therefore appears to be a specific element. The significance of changes in the cholinergic neurotransmission for Alzheimer's disease is discussed. Finally, the role of apolipoprotein E and other genetic risk factors is reviewed. In this context it is emphasized that in young persons apolipoprotein E4 is not a suitable early diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the quality of life of chronic psychotic patients living in supportive housing].

This study concerns 46 chronically mentally ill patients living in community support systems. Their quality of life was measured with a validated questionnaire: the "Subjective Quality of Life Questionnaire" ("SQLP"). Both patients and their care givers separately completed the same version of the questionnaire. This study first shows the feasibility of such inquiries with chronically mentally ill patients. It gives a description of the patient's feeling which is different from the usual medical point of view. The life domains the patient is very satisfied with are mostly restricted to food, material conditions, and relationship with the care-givers, but exclude the other relationships. Our data also allow to estimate the degree of agreement and disagreement between the care-givers and their patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of head-to-trunk position on the direction of arm movements before, during, and after space flight.

This contribution deals with the examination of the consequences of different head-to-trunk positions on arm movements under normal gravity and during prolonged space flight. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the influence of weightlessness on the condition of the spatial analysis system. Aimed arm movements in the horizontal plane (pointings towards two visual targets) were recorded, first with eyes open, head straight (learning part), then with eyes closed, head straight and during yaw or roll position of the head (performance part). Measurements related to these different head-to-trunk-positions were taken in one short-term and nine long-term cosmonauts preflight, inflight, and postflight. Terrestrial control experiments were carried out with an extended experimental design in 14 healthy volunteers. The analysis of these experiments revealed that, with eyes closed and the head in yaw position, cosmonauts before flight and control subjects exhibit significant slants of the movement plane of the arm. Contrary to terrestrial measurements, in space experiments roll tilt of the head to the right is correlated with considerable counterclockwise slant of the movement plane. This slant of the movement plane of the arm was interpreted as tilt of the internal representation of the horizontal coordinate. The effect is larger with greater distortion induced by the changed head position and with larger muscular involvement to keep this position. This effect is also increased by the reduction of information (for example, in microgravity). The amount and the direction of the horizontal offset of the arm movements are shown to be dependent on the head-to-trunk position, too. Additionally, we have found changes in the amplitude and in the duration of the arm movement, in the vertical offset, and in the curvature of the movement paths, depending on the experimental conditions.

Adult↗