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Biomedical subjects

M Berger

Publications and source records attributed to M Berger.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

"Hidden handicap".

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Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Senior-Loken syndrome (familial renal-retinal dystrophy) and Coats' disease.

Senior-Loken syndrome is a rare hereditary disease that combines a disorder resembling familial juvenile nephronophthisis with retinitis pigmentosa. Retinitis pigmentosa is even less frequently associated with exudative retinopathy. The patient, a 15-year-old boy, had hereditary renal-retinal dystrophy combined with an exudative vasculopathy of the Coats' type. The patient is on thrice-weekly hemodialysis after two kidney transplants failed. One eye became painful and blind and was eventually enucleated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Protein fatty acyltransferase is located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The fatty acid acylation of polypeptides was studied in vivo and in vitro by incorporation of radiolabeled palmitic acid into Semliki Forest viral polypeptides. Utilizing a cell-free system for acylation protein fatty acyltransferase was characterized as an integral membrane protein. No acylation activity was detected in the cytosol. During subcellular fractionation of a variety of mammalian or avian cells the enzyme was localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore this posttranslational hydrophobic modification starts earlier in the biosynthesis of acylated polypeptides than previously believed.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1985

[Liberalized diabetic diet for type I diabetics under intensive insulin injection therapy. Follow-up observations for over 2 years].

The dietary habits and metabolic status of 14 selected ambulant type-1 diabetics, who were previously treated with conventional insulin therapy, were investigated over a period of 2 years under intensified insulin injection therapy. In this, multiple doses of regular insulin in combination with intermediate-acting insulin were injected daily and the regular metabolic controls as well as adjustment of the insulin dosage were undertaken by the patients themselves. Whereas conventional insulin therapy made exclusive use of intermediate-acting insulin, 41% of the daily dose in the intensified insulin injection therapy was regular insulin. The total daily insulin dose of 51 +/- 12 U/d was therefore not significantly different from that in the conventional insulin therapy (49 +/- 10 U/d). During the intensified insulin injection therapy the usual diabetic diet was relaxed in several aspects: neither the daily intake of fat, protein and calories, nor substitution in the diet using exchange lists was specified. Despite this liberalization HbA1c values decreased significantly from 9.3 +/- 1.2% to 7.8 +/- 0.7% (P less than 0.05) and blood lipids remained in the normal range. The results of this retrospective investigation lead to the conclusion that despite some measure of diet liberalization, selected, trained, type-1 diabetics of normal body weight and without primary dyslipoproteinaemia can attain good metabolic control under intensified insulin injection therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Anaphylatoxin C3a enhances mucous glycoprotein release from human airways in vitro.

Because C3a may be generated during the course of pulmonary inflammatory reactions, we investigated the ability of C3a to affect mucous glycoprotein (MGP) secretion from cultured human airways. C3a, but not C3a des Arg, caused a dose-related increase in MGP release (maximal after 4-6 h), with as little as 15 micrograms of C3a per milliliter stimulating a 40% increase. The experimental evidence suggested that immunologically specific C3a was required for the secretagogue actions, as monospecific anti-C3a inhibited the reaction, as well as specifically absorbing the secretagogue from solution. Moreover, it appeared that C3a does not require mast cell activation, eicosanoid generation, or macrophage-derived mucus secretagogue synthesis for its effect, since (a) no evidence of histamine release accompanied C3a-induced MGP release, and dibutyryl cAMP failed to affect C3a-induced MGP release, while reducing the actions of reversed anaphylaxis; (b) MGP release caused by C3a was not influenced by eicosatetraynoic acid or specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors, and no leukotrienes were detectable on the supernatants of C3a-stimulated airways; and (c) cycloheximide failed to affect C3a secretion-stimulating actions. Thus, C3a is a potent mucus secretagogue, and, possibly, acts directly as a glandular stimulant. It seems likely that C3a generated in the course of pulmonary inflammation might contribute to the mucus secretion associated with pulmonary infections.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Moderate intake of sucrose does not impair metabolic control in pump-treated diabetic out-patients.

The effects of dietary intake of sucrose versus the use of sodium cyclamate were studied in 10 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. After a 4-week run-in period, the patients were randomly assigned to a cross-over protocol with two 4-week periods during which they used sucrose or sodium-cyclamate as sweetener. During the experimental periods, 24 +/- 13 g/day sucrose and 348 +/- 270 mg/day of sodium cyclamate were consumed, respectively. Metabolic control was monitored by the patients performing blood glucose self-monitoring several times daily. Bi-weekly, all patients were followed-up in our outpatient clinic. Mean daily blood glucose concentrations as well as the average daily insulin dose did not differ between the three experimental periods. HbA1c-levels, serum lipids and body weight remained unchanged and within the normal ranges throughout the study. Thus, moderate dietary intake of sucrose did not affect metabolic control in these normal weight, near-normoglycaemic, normolipidaemic, pump-treated Type 1 diabetic patients during a 1-month period. Whether similar conclusions apply to less well controlled diabetic patients remains to be seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Anorectic behavior, mood, and metabolic and endocrine adaptation to starvation in anorexia nervosa during inpatient treatment.

Twenty-two patients with anorexia nervosa were studied at 2-week intervals during treatment on psychiatric wards. In order to characterize the metabolic situation in starvation, levels of free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetate were measured. The endocrine adaptation to starvation was studied by measuring triiodothyronine, noradrenaline, and cortisol. Anorectic symptoms were assessed by the Anorexia Nervosa Inventory Scale (ANIS) and mood changes on the basis of a "Befindlichkeits" Scale (BF). Only half of the patients showed metabolic and endocrine signs of starvation on admission to the hospital, despite low body weight. This group had significantly more severe anorectic symptoms (ANIS) and gained weight at a lesser rate. Metabolic signs of starvation disappeared during the first 4 weeks of therapy in most of the patients. The endocrine indicators for starvation normalized much more slowly, with noradrenaline having the slowest pace. "Bulimics" and "restricters" could not be distinguished from one another by metabolic or endocrine observations. The "bulimics," however, showed more severe anorectic symptoms (ANIS) and a more depressed mood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Androgen receptor in genital tubercle of rabbit fetuses and newborns. Ontogeny and properties.

In newborn rabbits of both sexes, an androgen receptor was characterized in the genital tubercle. Homogenates exhibited high affinity (Kd was about 0.4 nM) and saturable binding of [3H]methyltrienolone. The half-life of the [3H]5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone-androgen receptor complex was 72 h at 4 degrees C. The receptor was inactivated by heat and pronase and the binding was specific for potent androgens. Sucrose gradient analysis revealed a 8-9 S [3H]methyltrienolone binding protein in cytosols from both sexes. Androgen binding, in the homogenate, was detected as soon as day 18 of gestation in both sexes and the number of binding sites increased until birth. During sexual organogenesis and at birth there were no major differences between males and females in the amount or affinity of androgen binding. Specific androgen binding was also detected in sexual ducts of male and female newborns.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland of mice after hCG injection.

Temporal changes of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured by RIA in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland of adult male mice after a single injection of hCG. The response of circulating T to hCG stimulation was rapid and persisted over a period of 48 h. The temporal changes of androgen content of target organs paralleled the modifications of circulating T. In all organs the high androgen levels attained at 1 or 4 h plateaued until 24 h, decreased thereafter and returned to basal values at 72 h. The concentration of T by sex accessory organs was more accelerated by hCG injection than its conversion into DHT.

Animals↗