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Biomedical subjects

M Berger

Publications and source records attributed to M Berger.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Length of stay and length of work incapacity in patients with Type I diabetes. Effects of a diabetes treatment and education program].

Objective data on duration of hospital stay and of incapacity to work were collected for 137 type I diabetics who had taken part in a structured diabetes treatment and training scheme. Before the training period the average hospital stay had been 0.76 per patient per year, duration per stay 21 days, number of episodes of work incapacity 1.6 per patient per year, duration of incapacity 23.6 days. For a subgroup of patients (62) the influence of the training programme could be demonstrated: hospital stay fell to 0.49 per patient per year, duration per stay to 12.0 days, number of incapacity episodes to 1.4 per patient per year, and the days lost from work to 12.1 per patient per year.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1986

Psychological stress and metabolic control in patients with type I diabetes mellitus.

Acute psychological stress is believed to cause disturbances of metabolic control in patients with Type I diabetes. To examine the validity of this assumption, we subjected nine healthy persons (mean [+/- SEM] blood glucose level, 74 +/- 2 mg per deciliter), nine patients with Type I diabetes who had normoglycemia (130 +/- 10 mg per deciliter), and nine diabetic patients with hyperglycemia (444 +/- 17 mg per deciliter) to two acute psychological stresses: mental arithmetic and public speaking. Subjects in the three groups were matched for age, weight, sex, and socioeconomic status. For all subjects, the mean increase in heart rate was 20 beats per minute while they were doing mental arithmetic and 25 beats per minute while they were speaking publicly (P less than 0.001). In all three groups, systolic and diastolic pressure rose markedly, the plasma epinephrine level increased by 50 to 150 pg per milliliter, and the norepinephrine level by 100 to 200 pg per milliliter under both stress conditions (P less than 0.001). The plasma cortisol level rose significantly after public speaking in all groups. Neither stress induced changes in circulating levels of glucose, ketones, free fatty acids, glucagon, or growth hormone. Thus, sudden, short-lived psychological stimuli causing marked cardiovascular responses and moderate elevations in plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol are unlikely to disturb metabolic control in patients with Type I diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cigarette-smoking as a risk factor for macroproteinuria and proliferative retinopathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

In a case control study 192 cigarette-smoking patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes were compared with 192 non-cigarette-smoking patients pair-matched for sex (90 females), duration of diabetes (mean 14 years), and age (mean 32 years). Macroproteinuria was found in 19.3% of the smoking and in 8.3% of the non-smoking patients (p less than 0.001). Proliferative retinopathy was present in 12.5% of the smoking and in 6.8% of the non-smoking patients (p less than 0.025). The percentages of patients with normal proteinuria or without retinopathy were comparable between the two groups. In addition, glycosylated haemoglobin values and the prevalence of hypertension were similar between smoking and non-smoking patients. Thus, cigarette-smoking appears to be a risk factor for the progression of incipient to overt nephropathy and of background to proliferative retinopathy in Type 1 diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of the glycaemic index of dietary carbohydrates on prandial glycaemia and insulin therapy in type I diabetes mellitus.

Four carbohydrate diets with different glycaemic index were fed to 10 type I diabetic patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Every diet consisted of 4 meals with identical carbohydrate content, being consumed during one day each at 8.00, 12.00, 16.00 and 18.00 h. CSII was conducted according to the patients' experiences, aiming at plasma glucose values between 70 and 160 mg/dl. From 8.00 to 20.00 h, plasma glucose was measured every 2 h. Plasma glucose profiles were near-normal with all of the diets; differences between the diets were statistically insignificant. The premeal insulin dosages, as delivered by the patients, varied significantly in relation to the time of the day, and to the premeal plasma glucose concentration. The patients varied their prandial insulin doses also in relation to the 4 diets, indicating that the glycaemic index was helpful for the prediction of their prandial insulin requirements. It is concluded that near-normoglycaemia can be achieved in type I diabetic subjects on CSII irrespective of the glycaemic index of their diet, if the prandial insulin requirements are met adequately.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Photosensitized reactions of nucleic acids.

The main effects of near-ultraviolet and visible light on cellular DNA are reviewed with emphasis on base lesions, oligonucleotide single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links. Model system photosensitization reactions of DNA are also discussed. This includes photodynamic effects, menadione-mediated photooxidation, photoionization of antibiotics, the photochemistry of 5-halogenopyrimidines and urocanic acid.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Bone imaging in a case of chronic fluorine intoxication with mineral water.

A patient with chronic fluorine intoxication from mineral water demonstrated an abnormal intense uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the whole spine, the bone metaphyseal regions, and the sternum ("tie sternum"). Results of a bone biopsy revealed an intense osteomalacia and a high fluorine concentration. Bone imaging performed one year after the patient stopped drinking mineral water was normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Identification and androgen-dependence of proteins in the mouse vas deferens.

Proteins from 'luminal fluid' or from a homogenate of whole vas deferens were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Four major bands with apparent molecular weights of 34.5, 36, 38 and 180 Kilodaltons (K) were observed in homogenates. In 'luminal fluid' the same protein pattern was observed except that 38 K band was missing. These four major bands probably originated from the vas deferens as they were not detected in plasma and were still present after ligation between the epididymis and vas deferens. After castration, there was a specific reduction of the 34.5 K MW protein band in both homogenate and 'luminal fluid'. When the androgen-dependence of proteins was investigated using radioactive methionine, the protein spectra from normal and castrated males showed that about 10 polypeptides were differentially induced or repressed by androgens. The synthesis of some proteins (MW's 24, 36 and 180 K) was decreased by castration while the synthesis of several others (MW's between 27 and 82 K) was increased. Most of these androgen-dependent proteins were detectable at 10 days of age.

Androgens↗
PubMed1986

Is there a relationship between response to total sleep deprivation and efficacy of clomipramine treatment in depressed patients?

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) and tricyclic medication are successful treatment modalities for patients with a major depressive disorder. Recent studies have suggested a positive relationship between TSD response and succeeding tricyclic treatment, even on a very specific level, thus supporting the assumption of two distinct biochemical subtypes of depression. The present study tested this hypothesis by treating 10 inpatients with a major depressive disorder first with TSD and succeedingly with clomipramine. Contrary to expectation, a negative relationship between clinical response to the two treatment modalities was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Circadian variations in plasma LH and FSH in juvenile and adult male mice.

Experiments were performed to ascertain circadian fluctuations in plasma levels of LH and FSH in juvenile and adult male mice. Animals under natural lighting (11 h day/13 h night) were killed at 1-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. There were large variations in plasma LH concentrations between animals sacrificed within each killing period. Baseline LH levels (values lower than 60 ng/ml) showed a significant 24-hour periodicity in adult males. FSH concentrations exhibited significant diurnal variations in juvenile and adult males. There was significant influence of age on the temporal pattern and 24-hour mean plasma hormone levels.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Imprinting of male sex tissues by neonatal endogenous androgens in mice. Molecular alterations following exposure to cyproterone acetate.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and biochemical responsiveness of the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles of adult mice exposed to cyproterone acetate during the first 10 days of life. Results indicate that the weight and protein content of sex accessory organs were significantly depressed, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations were unaffected or increased, the number of cytosolic androgen-binding sites was slightly or significantly reduced. The efficiency of exogenous testosterone in promoting growth and protein synthesis in target organs of castrated adult males was significantly lowered by neonatal cyproterone acetate treatment. It is concluded that a deficient androgenic stimulation during neonatal life induces a limited response of sex target organs to endogenous or exogenous androgens in adulthood.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Use of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound to evaluate and manage primary pulmonary hypertension.

Doppler ultrasound was used to assess the response to serial drug testing in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. There was a close correlation between the pressure estimated by Doppler and the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure measured invasively (r = 0.98). Continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound, although not a substitute for initial Swan-Ganz catheterization, may obviate the need for repeat invasive procedures and permit closer monitoring of patients during treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Regional differences in the testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio in the epididymis and vas deferens of adult mice.

The concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in the testis and in different segments of the epididymis and vas deferens of adult mice. There were marked regional variations in the concentrations of testosterone and DHT from the testis to the caudal part of the vas deferens. In the testis, testosterone was the predominant androgen (364 +/- 90 ng/g) while DHT was weakly represented (8 +/- 2 ng/g). Qualitative and quantitative changes occurred in epididymis: DHT was the main steroid in the caput (29.3 +/- 2.7 ng/g) and corpus (33.1 +/- 4.4 ng/g) while testosterone and DHT were in similar quantities in the cauda (18.6 +/- 2.6 and 19.0 +/- 2.7 ng/g, respectively). The proximal region of the vas deferens contained higher amounts (71.4 +/- 8.0 ng/g) of androgens (testosterone + DHT) than did the caput epididymidis (39.1 +/- 3.3 ng/g). Testosterone was the predominant androgen in each part of the vas deferens and its concentrations decreased from the proximal (64.5 +/- 7.5 ng/g) to the caudal (26.9 +/- 4.3 ng/g) region. Castration and section of the efferent ducts of the testis showed that the epididymis received testosterone essentially via the blood supply and that epididymal DHT was produced locally from circulating testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The nature of neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression: a controversial issue in contemporary psychiatry.

Neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression have been regarded, by many authors, as relatively specific markers of nosological subtypes of the disorder, e.g. primary vs. secondary, endogenous vs. non-endogenous or unipolar vs. bipolar depression. They should reflect the same changes in central neurotransmitters (e.g. noradrenergic insufficiency and/or cholinergic hyperactivity) that were hypothesized as the cause of clinical symptoms. This view is challenged on the basis of our own neuroendocrine investigations in 317 psychiatric patients and 103 normal controls. According to these studies the abnormalities are nosologically rather unspecific. They are induced by a large variety of factors, e.g. emotional stress associated with the clinical symptomatology, weight loss due to malnutrition as a consequence of reduced appetite, medication and drug withdrawal. Stress-induced hypercortisolism appears to be the most common abnormality that may trigger other neuroendocrine dysfunctions, such as a blunted TSH response to TRH. Differences in neuroendocrine abnormalities of depressives are probably due to variations in the manifold factors influencing the hormonal axes involved, to temporal changes in hormonal patterns (e.g. one abnormality triggering another) and to individual differences in the basic activity and the responsiveness of the various axes.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of combined carmustine, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and 6-mercaptopurine (BFHM) for the treatment of malignant gliomas.

The Neuro-oncology Service of the University of California Brain Tumor Research Center conducted a nonrandomized phase II study to evaluate, in patients with recurrent malignant glioma, the benefit of a four-drug combination (BFHM) consisting of carmustine (1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea), 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and 6-mercaptopurine. There were 29 evaluable glioblastoma multiforme patients and 45 nonglioblastoma anaplastic glioma patients available for analysis. Tumor progression was analyzed as the primary study endpoint. Of the glioblastoma patients, 16 of 29 (55%) responded or stabilized on therapy; of the other anaplastic gliomas, 32 of 45 (71%) responded or stabilized. For patients who stabilized or responded to treatment, BFHM achieved a median time to tumor progression of 46 weeks with a 25th percentile time to tumor progression of 68 weeks for anaplastic gliomas and a median time to tumor progression of 23 weeks with a 25th percentile time to tumor progression of 36 weeks for glioblastoma multiforme patients. A Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that age and Karnofsky score were important prognostic variables for these patients.

Adolescent↗