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Biomedical subjects

M Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to M Bauer.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effects of medium- and long-chain triglyceride diets in the genetically obese Zucker rat.

To test whether the property of medium-chain fatty acids (which have 6-12 carbon atoms) being incorporated only in small amounts into the various tissues of a living organism could be exploited to treat obesity, genetically obese Zucker rats and their lean littermates were fed a diet containing 20% medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) or long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) for 10 weeks. MCT, as compared with LCT, had the following effects: 1) MCT did not diminish weight gain in either the nonobese or the obese rats; 2) they increased ketogenesis more in the former than in the latter; 3) they increased the concentration of triacylglycerols in the liver of the obese rats but not of the lean ones; 4) they decreased the concentration of cholesterol in the liver of the lean but not of the obese rats, and 5) they did not particularly affect the concentration of proteins, glucose and insulin in the blood. We therefore conclude that the influence of the genotype is much more important in the establishment of the biochemical characteristics of rats than is the nature of the fatty acids ingested. Replacing LCT in the diet with MCT did not correct any of the major metabolic disorders in obese rats and therefore cannot unaided constitute a solution to the problem of genetic obesity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Potassium hydrogen phosphate induced nephropathy in the dog. I. Pathogenesis of tubular atrophy (author's transl)].

A nephropathy with severe tubular atrophy was observed in Beagle dogs after oral administration of K2HPO4 for 14 or 38 weeks. We describe the complete lysosomal degradation of atrophying tubular epithelial cells. During two experiments of 14 and 38 weeks duration, respectively, a total of 15 Beagle dogs received 0.8 g K2HPO4/kg body weight daily with their food. All dogs were examined clinically at regular intervals. Renal biopsies were taken in the fourth week from beagles of the 14-week study. Results were compared with those of control dogs. At the end of the experiments the animals were killed and necropsies done. Different stains and histochemical reactions were applied to paraffin sections of the kidneys. Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were found on cryostat sections. Kidneys fixed by perfusion of five Beagles from the 38-week study and three Beagles of the 14-week study, and from five control dogs, were examined electron microscopically. Ultrahistochemically, acid phosphatase was demonstrated. Clinically, the dogs in both experiments vomited, were cachectic, and had elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Morphologically, qualitatively identical changes were seen, but the renal damage was most marked at 38 weeks. There were disseminated tubular atrophy (usually of the proximal tubules), focal scar tissue and nephrocalcinosis. The following pathogenesis was established for the lesions of the proximal tubule: Tubular atrophy begins with loss of differentiation of epithelial cells. Enzyme histochemistry, ultrahistochemistry and electron microscopy show an increase in autophagic vacuoles and autophagolysosomes. The lysosomal bodies showing fusion enclose large parts of the cytoplasm as the process continues. Complete lysosomal degradation of epithelial cells and extrusion of large lysosomes into the tubular lumen follow. After complete enzymatic digestion of the intratubular detritus, the residue is empty, convoluted and collapsed tubular basement membrane. Atrophic tubular epithelial cells have many organelle-free zones at their base, which contain fine filamentous material resembling that of the basement membrane. The degradation process described here may explain why clinically the urinary sediment contains few cylinders and epithelial cells and why proteinuria decreases significantly toward the end of the experiment. So far, it is not clear whether the tubular basement membrane is synthesized by the tubular cells, by fibroblasts or by both cell types. The presence of basement membrane-like material in tubular epithelial cells and in parietal epithelial cells of the glomerulus favors the view that epithelial cells produce the basement membranes and that increased production of basement membrane-like material is a sign of loss of differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Caring for psychiatric patients in proximity to their domicile or, more than one approach may be feasible (author's transl)].

The arguments in favour of caring for psychiatric patients in locations which are close to their domicile, are by no means new. Practically all of these arguments had already been brought forward by Griesinger, and we can also read them up in the minutes of the meetings of the Federal Germany Parliamentary Committee for Youth, Family and Health Problems. A frequent argument against the decentralisation of psychiatric care by setting up psychiatric departments in general hospitals is that this would eventually lead to a kind of two-class psychiatry. In simplified language, this would imply that those patients who are acutely diseased, are admitted to a general hospital, whereas the chronically diseased persons remain in the large-scale psychiatric Land hospital. However, this is not necessarily so, if such psychiatric departments of regional competence are compulsorily allocated to a certain area, which means they are compelled to admit patients residing in their area, while being prohibited from transferring these patients to another, far-away hospital. The departments in Rheydt and Hanover, for example, show that relevant experience collected outside Germany applies likewise to the Federal Republic. In fact, the reports published by these two hospitals show that psychiatry conducted close to the domicile of the patients improves outpatient follow-up of patients with chronic disturbances, whereas the number of compulsory admissions is dramatically reduced. On the other hand, the rate of admission is increased, and the period of hospitalisation reduced. In the long run, this results in a pattern of psychiatric care in which long-term outpatient therapy predominates. We can sum up by saving that community-centered and population oriented working is by no means a panacea for all problems of psychiatric care which have remained unsolved to data. However, experience has shown that the method is feasible and, on the whole a promising one. It is precisely the return of psychiatry to the communal level which opens up non-professional resources which would otherwise remain untapped. It must be borne in mind, however, that the physician's own psychiatric practice is exposed to the public eye to greater extent than before. This offers a real chance. The psychiatrist can take advantage of this chance only if he develops a kind of sixth sense for social processes and requirements within the community, for the best way to influence them, and to make use of them for translating one's own goals into reality. Of course, this will always involve the risk of overstepping one's own area of jurisdiction, but this need not be dramatised.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Congenital diverticulum of the right ventricle--Case report and review of the literature (author's transl)].

Diverticula of the right ventricle are extremely rare malformations of the heart. Nearly always they are congenital in origin and represent distinct anomalies from diverticula of the left ventricle both embryologically and clinically. Symptoms are caused by associated heart disease. Complications may arise from endocarditis, heart insufficiency or from rupture of the diverticulum which event almost always leads to death. Therapy consists in surgical removal of the diverticulum if the indication is given, at any rate in antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis. The prognosis of this malformation depends largely on the coexisting heart disease.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Practical social therapy in psychiatry (author's transl)].

For each person working in the psychiatric field, disease concerns predominantly the individual. This statement is true for both somatotherapeutically and psychotherapeutically emphasized therapy procedure. The social reality of the patient himself is not taken into consideration in this procedure. A sociotherapeutical approach is attempted in this present study complementing the interpretation and action models mentioned above. Basing on a case of a female patient suffering from paranoid changes, specific intervention possibilities are explained, and also which meaningfully applied solution strategies can be successful. In this connection sociotherapy is shown to be a therapeutic procedure in its own right which, while actually trying to normalize the patient's psychopathological abnormalities, does not overlook his real life situation (which can easily happen with somatic and psychotherapeutic processes) and expressly makes this the basis and subject of the "treatment".

Female↗
PubMed1980

Cutaneous metastases. Report of two cases of prostatic cancer.

Less than 5 percent of internal malignant tumors metastasize to the skin. Prostatic carcinoma accounts for a small percentage of such tumors. The lesions are solid, rarely ulcerate, are few in number and are usually localized to the groin, the head, or the neck. The occurrence of cutaneous metastases from prostatic carcinoma frequently signifies well-advanced disease and portends a rapidly fatal course.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Vascular smooth muscle: aerobic glycolysis linked to sodium and potassium transport processes.

Under aerobic conditions, glucose is primarily catabolized by vascular smooth muscle to lactate, in spite of an adequate oxidative capacity. Although this is often considered to be indicative of some nonspecific metabolic insufficiency, there is evidence that aerobic glycolysis is specifically coupled to sodium and potassium transport processes, whereas oxidative metabolism is couple to contracticle energy requirements.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Snowmobile accidents in Northern Sweden.

A total of 129 snowmobile injuries occurring in 117 persons was registered during the winter of 1976-7 in Jämtland, a county of northern Sweden. During that period about 6600 snowmobiles were in use in the district. In 92 cases speed contributed to the cause of the accident. Seventy-five persons were injured when falling off the vehicle or getting caught beneath it. The accidents are analysed and suggestions are made for their prevention.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

Arthrosis of the ankle evaluated on films in weight-bearing position.

About 7 years after a malleolar fracture 113 patients were examined for development of arthrosis. The addition of films exposed in weight-bearing position with a.p. beam direction to views of the ankle joint exposed in supine position did not contribute to the diagnosis of arthrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of obesity, total fasting and re-alimentation on L-thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-L-triiodothyronine (rT3), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), cortisol, thyrotrophin, cortisol binding globulin (CBG), transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 in serum.

UNLABELLED: The effects of total fasting for 31 +/- 10 days followed by re-alimentation with an 800 calorie diet on thyroid function, i.e. T4,T3,rT3,RT3U (resin T3 uptake), and TSH, and on TBG levels in serum were studied sequentially in obese hospitalized patients (N=18). Additionally, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and free fatty acids were followed as hormonal and metabolic parameters, respectively. Further, CBG, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 were measured as representatives of other serum proteins. Results before fasting: T4, T3, TBG, cortisol, CBG, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 of the obese patients were elevated when compared with healthy normal weight controls, whereas rT3, T4/TBG ratio, T3/TBG ratio, TSH, coritsol/cbg ratio, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and transferrin of the obese group were normal. RT3U and fT4 index were decreased in the obese patients. Results during fasting: Significant decreases were observed during fasting for the following parameters -- T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin complement C'3. rT3, T4/TBG ratio, RT3U, fT4 index and FFA increased. T4, tsh response to TRH stimulation, cortisol, CBG, cortisol/cbg ratio, parathyrin, growth hormone and prolactin did not change. Results during re-alimentation: T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, TSH response to TRH, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 increased. Conversely, fT3, RT3U, FFA, cortisol and cortisol/cbg ratio decreased whereas the other parameters did not change. CONCLUSIONS: 1) There is no evidence for primary hypothyroidism in obese patients during prolonged fasting and re-alimentation. 2) The rapid decrease of T3 and increase of RT3U after initiation of fasting are not fully explained by the observed slower decreases in TBG. 3) The alterations of T3, rT3 and RT3U resemble in their kinetics the changes in FFA levels. 4) Fasting reduced the levels of only certain serum proteins, interestingly TBG, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3, all of which, except transferrin, are elevated in obesity. 5) The magnitude of the observed decreases does not suggest any clinically relevant deficiencies in serum proteins. 6) Re-alimentation reverses rapidly all observed changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biological parameters of the blood in the genetically obese Zucker rat.

A study of the various biological parameters of the blood in the genetically obese Zucker rat, the nonobese Zucker rat, and the Wistar rat has revealed great similarity between the two latter types of animals. On the other hand, in genetically obese Zucker rats as compared with the nonobese ones, (1) the blood mass per unit of weight was lower; (2) the level of nitrogenous degradation compounds was the same; (3) the lipase activity was lower; (4) the levels of substances for which liver plays a crucial role--all lipid and protein fractions, glucose, and the enzyme GPT--were higher; (5) the levels of Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu and Pi were high; (6) the blood and bone-marrow cells were unremarkable.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Phase II study of single-agent therapy with megestrol acetate, VP-16-213, cyclophosphamide, and dianhydrogalactitol in advanced renal cell cancer.

One hundred and forty-four patients with advanced renal cell cancer were evaluated for objective response to single-agent treatment with megestrol acetate, VP-16-213, cyclophosphamide, or dianhydrogalactitol. In view of the low order of response observed, these agents do not appear to be effective in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer. Performance status and a relatively long interval from onset of primary symptoms to study entry were the most favorable prognostic variables affecting time to progression and survival for patients in this study.

Adenocarcinoma↗