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Biomedical subjects

M Bard

Publications and source records attributed to M Bard.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lumbar posterior marginal intra-osseous cartilaginous node.

This report concerns 12 patients, eight young adults and four adolescents, presenting with lumbar or sciatic pain. This was associated with an unusual defect of the inferior and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies of L4 or L5, together with a small bony ridge protruding into the spinal canal. We found 11 similar cases in the literature, all involving adolescents except for one young adult. It has been considered to be the result of a fracture of the posterior ring apophysis in association with a herniated disc. In our cases, in the absence of any known previous trauma, the radiological features and surgical results and the similarity and frequent association with typical lesions of Scheuermann disease, all suggest a posterior marginal cartilaginous node. The inferior lumbar location and frequent association with herniated disc and sciatic nerve root compression in young patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Thoracic spine: percutaneous trephine biopsy.

Forty-one percutaneous trephine biopsies of thoracic vertebral bodies or disks from T-3 to T-12 were performed under fluoroscopic guidance without complications. Biopsy technique was improved by a new set of trephine needles using a procedure similar to vascular catheterization and specific prone-oblique positioning of the patient. On a 35 degrees prone-oblique view, the heads (dorsal extremities) of the ribs determine the direction of puncture. Both pleura and spinal canal are easily recognized and avoided. Of 40 cases, there were 31 true-positive results, six contributory results, and three false-negative results. Percutaneous biopsy of the thoracic spine with this technique is a safe, rapid, and reliable procedure.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

Vertebral hemangiomas: radiologic evaluation.

Radiologic studies of 57 solitary vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) were reviewed to find radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) criteria by which to distinguish asymptomatic lesions from those compressing the spinal cord. Six features were seen significantly more often in those compressing the cord: location between T-3 and T-9, involvement of the entire vertebral body, extension to the neural arch, an expanded cortex with indistinct margins, an irregular honeycomb pattern, and soft-tissue mass. Contrast material-enhanced CT scans and selective spinal angiograms demonstrated extension into the spinal canal. In patients with a VH and back pain of uncertain origin, the presence of three or more of these signs may indicate a potentially symptomatic VH. In such patients, spinal angiography and, in some cases, embolization, are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Unusual indications for scanning in osteoarticular pathology].

The authors take stock of current applications of the scanner in osteoarticular pathology. At first (1978-1983 approximately), only the vertebral column could be studied by this technique. Now, almost all the osteoarticular system is susceptible to study. Established examples are: study of the sacrum, of the traumatized acetabulum, of the femoropatellar apparatus, and measurement of torsion in the lower limbs. New applications are: study of the back of the foot, of the patellar cartilage, of the glenoid cavity, of the bones and soft parts of the hand, three-dimensional reconstructions, scanning radiology. The authors index and analyse these new techniques.

Arm↗
PubMed1985

[X-ray computed tomographic exploration of cervico-brachial neuralgia. Value of the intravenous injection of contrast media].

Cervicobrachial neuralgias can now be easily evaluated by computerized tomography of the cervical spine due to recent technical progress (improved resolution, ultra-thin cuts, precise localization by computed radiography), and especially the use of intravenous contrast material, thus avoiding intrathecal metrizamide. The authors describe normal findings obtained by this method as well as disk herniations and disco-uncarthrosis. On the basis of this initial study of 35 patients (7 disk herniations and 16 disco-uncarthrosis), this method could be employed following routine studies as the first preoperative examination for cervicobrachial neuralgia. Thus, the indications for cervical myelography would decrease, limiting the use of a more invasive procedure and patient discomfort.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Vertebral compression with intrasomatic vacuum images. Apropos of 2 cases with histological control by trocar biopsy].

The significance of a gas shadow, known as an intra-somatic space, seen in cases of vertebral compression is discussed in relation to two cases with histological confirmation by means of trocar aspiration biopsy of the vertebra. The presence of this image is in favour of a neoplastic or infectious aetiology; however, in view of the limited experience, histological confirmation by aspiration biopsy of the vertebra is indicated in the presence of one or more reasons for suspecting a neoplastic aetiology. The most satisfactory pathophysiological hypothesis to explain the appearance of an intra-somatic space is that this image generally appears in cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression complicated by a certain degree of osseous ischaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Plasmid-mediated complementation of a delta-aminolevulinic-acid-requiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant.

Recombinant plasmids able to complement the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ole3 mutation were isolated. The nucleotide sequence responsible for complementation was localized to a 3.5-kb region. The level of delta-aminolevulinate (ALV) synthase activity in wild-type cells was six-fold lower than in plasmid-transformed ole3 mutant cells. Certain clones secreted a compound that supported growth of a lawn of adjacent ole3 mutant cells.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1984

[Value of a new apparatus for percutaneous vertebral bone biopsy].

Percutaneous vertebral trephine biopsy is a valuable investigation. A new type of trephine needle for vertebral biopsy is described in this paper. This trephine needle is introduced on the thin needle used for local anesthesia, following a procedure similar to vascular catheterism. Thus, the same puncture is used for local anesthesia and bone biopsy. Therefore, local anesthesia is more effective and the biopsy procedure is much safer, particularly at the thoracic level where vital organs are very close to the spine. A very practical handle design for advancing the trephine needle on the guide wire makes the biopsy procedure easy and precise. This trephine needle enhance indications of this potentially valuable procedure.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

[Computed x-ray tomographic evaluation of cervico-brachial neuralgia with intravenous injection of contrast media].

Investigation of the cervical epidural space by a CT scan is facilitated by its filling following intravenous injection of a contrast medium. The spinal ganglia and nerve root sheaths are visualized as negative images in the intervertebral foramen. A herniated disc is seen as a focal protrusion of the anterior epidural space presenting a clearer center (60 to 80 HU) than at the periphery (100 to 120 HU). Disco- osteophytic protrusion is seen as an arthritic hypertrophy of the uncus and a more widespread overlapping of the disc, often with a posterior body osteophytosis. The spinal cord and subarachnoid space are also visualized more clearly than when injections are not given. This technique is proposed as the initial examination after standard films, for preoperative investigation of a resistant cervicobrachial neuralgia .

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Anatomic incidence of meniscochondrocalcinosis of the knee].

The authors have studied the incidence of menisco-calcinosis (MC) and that of menisco-chondrocalcinosis (MCC) of knee joints of 108 non selected cadavera. The mean age of the subjects was 71.8 +/- 13.8 years. The study was performed by radiographic examination of the menisci and cartilagineous fragments of femoral condyles using high contrast films. The incidence of MC or MCC was found to be 18.5 per cent. It was slightly higher in females (21.5 p. cent) than in males (15.8 p. cent) subjects but this difference failed to reach the level of statistical significance. No positive case was detected before the age of 60 years. For the age groups of: 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and over 90 years, its incidence was: 11.7; 26.9; 21.2 and 50 (4 subjects out of 8) per cent respectively. Approximately 40 per cent of all positive cases had meniscocalcinosis without associated chondrocalcinosis. No single case of chondrocalcinosis without meniscocalcinosis was observed. Six out of 8 cases with MC calcinosis and 2 out of 12 cases with MCC were unilateral. The external menisci were more frequently and more heavily affected than internal ones. Eighty per cent of the knees affected by either MC or MCC were at the same time associated to an osteoarthrotic lesion compared to 35 p. cent of the knees without MC or MCC matched for age: a result which appeared to be highly significant difference.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Capsular constriction of the hip: arthrographic and clinical considerations.

Orthodox radiological examination of patients presenting with disorders of the hip, usually on account of pain and limitation of movement, may vary in diagnostic value. As a supplementary study we have employed arthrography. During this procedure we have, since 1970, routinely assessed the capacity of the joint capsule. The normal capacity varies from 20 ml in a large adult male to 14 ml in a small adult female. Significant reduction of this volume has been observed as a secondary complication of certain organic lesions, including four cases of synovial chondromatosis, one case of an intra-articular loose body, and one case of osteoid osteoma of femoral neck. In these secondary cases, the only common feature visible on the plain film was regional osteopenia. In these patients symptoms persisted until adequate surgical measures had been performed. (Descriptive term proposed: secondary capsular constriction of the hip: SCCH). In another group of seven patients, in whom orthodox radiological studies were unrewarding, arthrography was undertaken on account of persistent pain and limitation of movement. Similar reduction in the capacity of the joint was found, but in each case spontaneous resolution of the symptoms took place, without surgical intervention, in periods varying from three to 18 months. This self-limiting syndrome appears to be analogous to that of the "frozen shoulder" and, like the latter, is associated frequently with barbiturism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Genetic and biochemical aspects of yeast sterol regulation involving 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

Determinations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity in haploid strains and diploid hybrids of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that a genetic basis exists for control of this key regulatory enzyme in which low enzyme activity is phenotypically dominant to high enzyme activity. These observations suggested the existence of an inhibitor of reductase activity or a suppressor of enzyme synthesis. Feeding studies using an early sterol intermediate (mevalonolactone) and end-product sterol (ergosterol) indicated that a secondary regulatory site in this pathway operates to decrease the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. This diminution of activity was paralleled by increases in the accumulation of squalene, suggesting that this intermediate (or another isoprenoid derivative) may also play a significant role in the in vivo regulation of sterol biosynthesis. Lastly, feedback inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by ergosterol was demonstrated in a yeast mutant which is permeable to this sterol. These studies showed that yeast can serve as a eukaryotic model system for a combined biochemical and genetic investigation into the factors which control the activity of HMG-CoA reductase.

Diploidy↗
PubMed1981

[Roentgenological evolution of bone maturation. A case of congenital myxoedema treated at forty years old (author's transl)].

Non treated congenital myxoedemateous adults are rarely met. If such patients are pubescent, bone maturation is completed. Thyroïd hormone is not the only factor of bone maturation. Non treated congenital myxoedemas cannot be pubescent if bone maturation process had not started. Probably, such an association is not published. The authors report one case of this paradoxical association developed to the hole bone maturation.

Adult↗