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Biomedical subjects

M Baba

Publications and source records attributed to M Baba.

953 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of macroscopic appearance and p53 expression in superficial esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between macroscopic appearance of superficial esophageal carcinoma, with particular attention to the horizontal and vertical extent of tumor growth, clinicopathologic findings and p53 expression. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-seven patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma were divided into three groups: 1) group A, patients with protruding or distinct depressed lesions (n = 28); 2) group B, patients with superficial and flat lesions > or = 5 cm in length (n = 45); and, group C, patients with superficial and flat lesions (5 cm in length (n = 14). Tumors were examined immunohistochemically for p53 expression. RESULTS: The incidence of submucosal invasion, lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion was significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C. The rate of p53 expression was significantly lower in group B than in the other two groups. The prognosis in groups B and C was better than that in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical extent was more strongly associated with tumor depth, lymph node metastasis and prognosis than was horizontal extent, although p53 overexpression was related to both the vertical and horizontal extent of tumors. Analysis of the macroscopic appearance of superficial esophageal carcinoma is useful in choosing treatment strategies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positive impact on surgical treatment for asymptomatic patients with esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of asymptomatic patients. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively compared 78 cases of asymptomatic esophageal carcinoma (AEC) with 341 cases of symptomatic esophageal carcinoma (SEC). RESULTS: In 47 of 78 patients with AEC, the tumors were discovered by mass screening and in 31 patents by follow-up examination for other disease. Nearly 70% of the patients with AEC had a carcinoma in situ (Tis) or T1 tumor, whereas nearly 70% of the patients with SEC had T3 or T4 tumors. The incidences of lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion were significantly lower in patients with AEC than in those with SEC. The 5-year survival rate in AEC and SEC were 59.3% and 22.9%, respectively. With regard to the cause of death, 26.8% (11/41) of patients with AEC and 59.9% (166/277) of patients with SEC died of esophageal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma, an effort should be made to detect early esophageal carcinoma among patients at risk for tumors when they are still asymptomatic.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suppression of lung and liver carcinogenesis in mice by oral administration of myo-inositol.

It has been reported that myo-inositol can inhibit carcinogenesis in various organs, such as the mammary gland, colon and lung. In the present study, at first, inhibitory effects of myo-inositol on lung carcinogenesis were confirmed. Then, the influence of myo-inositol on liver carcinogenesis in mice was investigated. In C3H/He male mice, the rate of spontaneous liver carcinogenesis is known to be high. Using this experimental model, the effects of oral administration of myo-inositol (added into the drinking water at the concentration of 1%) were assessed. Significant suppression of liver carcinogenesis was observed in mice treated with myo-inositol for 40 weeks. In the control group without myo-inositol administration, 88% of the animals developed liver tumors, whereas in the myo-inositol-supplemented group, the incidence of liver tumors was 38% (p < 0.05). The average number of liver tumors per mouse was also decreased significantly by myo-inositol treatment; from 7.8 in the control group to 0.8 in the myo-inositol-supplemented group (p < 0.01). Thus, myo-inositol may be useful for cancer chemoprevention in the liver, as well as the lung.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphology of the designed biodegradable cisplatin microsphere.

We observed the morphological changes in microspheres containing cisplatin (CDDP) embedded in poly-d,l,-lactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol acid (CDDP-PPMS). The in vitro release of CDDP from CDDP-PPMS continued for more than four weeks. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that though the particles of CDDP-PPMS were spherical and superficially smooth, small pores with a superficial irregularity appeared six months later. CDDP-PPMS particles were found in the stomata of the omentum after intraperitoneal administration. When CDDP-PPMS was administered after Yoshida sarcoma cells were intraperitoneally transplanted, CDDP-PPMS was observed histologically in the necrotic tissues of the omentum. These experimental results confirmed the release of CDDP from CDDP-PPMS and the histological efficacy of CDDP-PPMS in the omentum against peritoneal metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraaortic lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper-third of the stomach.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: According to current TNM classification, paraaortic nodes involvement in gastric cancer is now distant metastasis. Anatomically, however, proximal gastric cancer may drain preferentially to the left-paraaortic area which represents a regional lymph-node basin. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-five patients who underwent an extended gastrectomy with paraaortic lymphadenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the upper-third of the stomach were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Of the 75 patients, 55 (73.3%) were positive for nodal metastasis and 21 (28.0%) had paraaortic nodes involvement. Paraaortic nodes involvement tended to be left-sided (the left side of the aorta around the left renal vein) and its incidence did not increase as the overall number of infiltrated nodes increased. Five (23.8%) of the 21 patients with paraaortic nodes involvement did not have nodal metastases in the paraceliac area. Overall survival was not different whether or not paraaortic nodes involvement was present, but was dependent on the overall number of infiltrated nodes (viz. 10 vs. > 10). Eight (22.2%) of 36 patients with 1-10 infiltrated nodes had PNI, with a 5-year survival rate of 46.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of lymph nodes around the left renal vein should be included during extended gastrectomy in patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper-third of the stomach. Left-paraaortic lymphadenectomy may benefit such patients if the overall number of infiltrated nodes is low (viz. 10).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of p53 and p21 is useful for the prediction of preoperative chemotherapeutic effects in esophageal carcinoma.

The p53 and p21 genes are associated with G1 arrest during the cell cycle and with apoptosis, both of which have a close relationship with the effect of chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the correlation between p53 and p21 expression in biopsy specimens and the histological effect of chemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma. A total of 30 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received preoperative chemotherapy, then underwent esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. The response rate of primary lesion and metastatic nodes was 20.0% and 25.9%, respectively. The positive rate of p53 and p21 expression was 56.7% and 36.7%, respectively. Preoperative chemotherapy against primary lesions was ineffective in all the patients who expressed p53, but not p21. In contrast, chemotherapy was effective against metastatic lymph nodes which were p53 negative but p21 positive. These findings suggest that p21 positive expression in the absence of p53 is associated with favorable effects of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Therefore, the expression of these genes should be examined in biopsy specimens to predict the chemotherapeutic outcomes in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging: possibility of tissue characterization of brain tumors using T1 and T2 values.

To evaluate the usefulness of T1 and T2 values for tissue characterization of brain tumors, 37 histologically confirmed brain tumors were examined with a 0.5-T superconductive MR system. With spin-echo and inversion-recovery imaging sequences, computed T1 and T2 images were reconstructed, and T1 and T2 values of the tumors were calculated. Relaxation rates (1/T1 and 1/T2), T1/T2 ratios, and malignancy indexes, which were originally designed for gastrointestinal tumors, were also calculated. Values of all these parameters were so wide-ranged that it was impossible to characterize the tumor tissue types.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of brainstem hemorrhage.

To determine the chronologic changes in the MR appearance of brainstem hemorrhage and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of MR imaging, 15 patients were examined with a 0.5-T MR scanner with inversion-recovery (IR) and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) images. In the acute stage (up to the sixth day), hematomas were hypo- or isointense on IR images and isointense and then hypointense on SE images. In the subacute stages (the seventh day to 2 months), hematomas changed from hypo- or isointensity to hyperintensity centripetally on IR images and to hyperintensity on SE images. Parenchymal reactions were hypointense first on SE images and then on IR images. In the chronic stage (over 2 months), hematomas "disappeared" and the parenchyma was hypointense on both IR and SE images. The superior clinical efficacy of MR imaging relative to CT for the detection of hemorrhage was obvious except in the acute stage, when hematomas had an intensity similar to that of the adjacent brainstem, and the patients usually were in serious condition.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aneurysm of the celiac artery.

A 50-year-old male with asymptomatic aneurysm of the celiac artery is described and the diagnosis and surgical treatment as well as problems and considerations involved in surgical management are discussed in conjunction with a review of the literature.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of blood flows in the cavernous sinus.

To evaluate blood flows in the cavernous sinus (CS), seven normal CSs and a postmortem CS were evaluated using T1-weighted spin echo sequences. After the noncontrast study, contrast study with Gd-DTPA was performed in all cases except the postmortem one. In the normal CSs, arterial flows of the intracavernous carotid artery (ICA) were disclosed as no-signal areas in the noncontrast study and were not enhanced with Gd-DTPA. Most venous flows in the CS were seen as low-intensity areas in the noncontrast study and were markedly enhanced with Gd-DTPA. However, these low-intensity areas were heterogeneous in intensity and several were higher and lower in intensity compared with most venous spaces. In the postmortem case, the CS showed homogeneous low intensity due to the stasis of blood flow. It was thought that the heterogeneous appearance of venous spaces in the normal CSs was due to flow-related phenomena. This heterogeneous pattern of signal intensity suggested the distribution of flow velocities. MR demonstrated both arterial and venous flows, and this was facilitated by Gd-DTPA. MR is a promising modality for the demonstration of blood flows in the CS.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of marzulene on the restitution of rat gastric mucosa after NaOH-induced injury.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of marzulene (L-glutamine plus azulene) on the repair of NaOH-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. METHODOLOGY: Gastric mucosal injury was induced with intragastric instillation of 3.0 ml of 5% NaOH for 1 minute. From 2 days after the operation, the rats were orally given chow pellets containing 0%, 0.25%, or 0.5% of marzulene for 25 weeks. RESULTS: Oral administration of marzulene at both dosages significantly increased the mucosal heights of the fundic and antral mucosa at week 25. Marzulene also increased the labeling indices of the fundic and antral epithelial cells, but not the mucosal blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that marzulene stimulates repair mechanisms of rat gastric mucosa after NaOH injury. This effect of marzulene may be associated with a stimulation of gastric epithelial cell proliferation.

Administration, Oral↗