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Biomedical subjects

M Baba

Publications and source records attributed to M Baba.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo F-19 chemical shift imaging with FTPA and antibody-coupled FMIQ.

A mixture of perfluoromethyldecahydroisoquinoline (FMIQ) emulsion coupled with anti-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) antibody and perfluorotripropylamine (FTPA) was injected into a nude mouse inoculated with human colon carcinoma LS174T. Three days after the injection, in vivo fluorine-19 chemical shift images of the spectral signals of the two perfluorocarbons (PFCs) were obtained simultaneously. The signal intensities and distributions of FMIQ and FTPA were similar in the liver and spleen but different in the tumor. FMIQ was detected in almost the entire tumor, with scattered areas of high uptake. FTPA, however, was detected only in the center of the tumor. The results suggest that F-19 chemical shift imaging of two PFCs, one coupled to antibody and the other not, has potential application in tumor diagnosis.

Animals↗
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Involvement of central histaminergic and cholinergic systems in the morphine-induced increase in blood-brain barrier permeability to sodium fluorescein in mice.

Morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a submaximal increase in the brain level of sodium fluorescein administered i.v. Histamine H1-antagonists, diphenhydramine and mepyramine, given either i.p. or i.c.v., had no significant influence on the effect of morphine. H2-Antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, administered i.c.v., but not i.p., significantly inhibited the morphine effect. alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine, a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor (given i.p. and i.c.v.) and antimuscarinic drugs, atropine and biperiden, but not methylatropine (given i.p.) also significantly reduced the morphine effect. Physostigimine (i.p.) significantly enhanced the effects of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg of morphine. Similar effects of histaminergic and cholinergic drugs were also observed on the buprenorphine- and DAGO-induced increase in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to sodium fluorescein. None of the treatments with 6-hydroxydopamine, alpha-methyltyrosine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or p-chlorophenylamine had any significant effect on the morphine-induced increase in BBB permeability. These findings suggest that the activation of brain H2-receptors by neuronal histamine and muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine is involved in the increase in BBB permeability to sodium fluorescein caused by mu opioid receptor agonists.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiogenesis as an unfavorable factor related to lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that angiogenesis enhances tumor growth and metastasis. Lymph node metastasis influences the prognosis and selection of treatment modalities in cancers. In this study, the authors investigated the correlation between angiogenesis and clinicopathologic features to determine whether angiogenesis correlated with lymph node metastasis in early-stage gastric cancer. METHODS: A total of 97 specimens from patients with early gastric cancer were studied by immunohistochemical methods using anti-Factor VIII-related antigen antibody. RESULTS: Tumor size was significantly correlated with microvessel count, which increased as tumor size increased. Microvessel counts from tumors with lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, and submucosal invasion were significantly higher than those without. Furthermore, microvessel count was an independent factor that influenced lymph node metastasis (P = .0016) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: In the early stage of gastric carcinoma, angiogenesis is an independent factor that impacts on lymph node metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Appraisal of ten-year survival following esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus with emphasis on quality of life.

Characteristics of 10-year survival after esophagectomy for carcinoma were studied retrospectively in 161 patients who underwent curative operation between 1973 and 1984. Of the 161 patients, 44 (27.3%) survived for 10 years after operation (right transthoracic approach with cervical anastomosis in 36 patients and left thoracoabdominal approach with jejunoesophagostomy in 8 patients). Females survived significantly longer than males; 10-year survival was observed in 10 (50%) of 20 females and 34 (24.1%) of 141 males. TNM factors were significantly linked to the 10-year survival for 25 patients (56.8%) whose tumors invaded the adventitia and 20 patients (45.5%) who had lymph node metastases, where the total number of involved nodes was less than eight. A questionnaire mailed 10 years after operation revealed that about one-fifth of the 10-year survivors could not go up one flight of stairs without taking a rest, and that the daily activity significantly deteriorated if the patient's age at the time of surgery was more than 66 years. One-third of the 10-year survivors were not satisfied with the daily quantity of food intake, resulting in no gain of body weight after discharge from the hospital. This complaint was significantly correlated with either weekly reflux or heartburn, resulting in the increasing number of nonmalignancy deaths. Of 13 ten-year survivors who were alive at 10 years but died after that, 11 (84.6%) died of pneumonia or malnutrition. Duodenogastroesophageal reflux may eventually cause nonmalignancy death 10 years after esophagectomy for carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
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Intraoperative pleural lavage in esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cytological examination of intraoperative pleural or peritoneal lavage specimens is useful for predicting outcomes for patients with various carcinomas. There have been few reports regarding cytological examination of pleural lavage fluid in esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: Intraoperative pleural lavage fluid was collected before and after esophagectomy and was examined by Papanicolaou and Giemsa staining for 78 patients with esophageal carcinoma. RESULTS: Although epithelial cells were found for 29 patients, only blood cells were detected for 48. The remaining one patient exhibited no cells in the specimen. For 4 of 78 (5.2%) patients, tumor cells were detected in the pleural lavage fluid after esophagectomy. Three of these four patients had T4 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Positive cytological findings for pleural lavage fluid, using Papanicolaou and Giemsa staining, is correlated with regrowth of residual tumor and poor prognosis in esophageal carcinoma.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-HIV activity of dextran sulphate as determined under different experimental conditions.

Dextran sulphate is a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Its anti-HIV-1 activity has been investigated under varying experimental conditions. MT-4 cells were infected with HIV-1 at different multiplicities of infection (MOI), and treated with either dextran sulphate, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), or anti-HIV-1 serum obtained from an ARC patient. Dextran sulphate suppressed HIV-1 replication (as monitored by viral antigen expression) when the MOI was 0.01 or 0.1. It was ineffective at an MOI of 1.0. The anti-HIV-1 serum was only partially effective at an MOI of 0.01 and ineffective at an MOI of 0.1 or 1.0. AZT proved effective at all three MOIs. Co-cultures of uninfected and HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells were protected against destruction by dextran sulphate at a concentration of 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. To fully suppress viral antigen expression a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml was needed. When used at this concentration, a 1-h contact of dextran sulphate with the cells during the virus adsorption period sufficed to suppress HIV-1 antigen expression. In this sense, dextran sulphate behaved like the anti-HIV-1 serum. Dextran sulphate also behaved like OKT-4A in that they both inhibited HIV-1 attachment to the MT-4 cells, whereas OKT-4 failed to do so. However, dextran sulphate did not affect the binding of OKT-4A to the cells. The present results support the concept that dextran sulphate owes its anti-HIV-1 activity mainly to inhibition of virus binding to its target cells. The anti-HIV-1 activity of dextran sulphate is highly dependent on its sulphate content.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Capture of HIV-1 gp120 and virions by lectin-immobilized polystyrene nanospheres.

A lectin such as concanavalin A (Con A) was immobilized on the surfaces of poly(methacrylic acid) branches covered with polystyrene nanospheres with a diameter of 360 nm, which were obtained by the free radical copolymerization of styrene with the poly(tert-butylmethacrylate) macromonomer, followed by hydrolysis. Using Con A-immobilized (0.3 microgram/cm2) nanospheres, the interaction of the nanospheres with HIV-1 was determined by the reduction of the gp120 level and the viral infectivity of the HIV-1 suspensions after a 60 min incubation at room temperatures. Con A-immobilized nanospheres achieved a 95 and a 77% reduction of the gp120 level and the infectivity at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, respectively, indicating the effective capture of the gp120 and the virions.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases.

A clinicopathologic study was carried out on 30 patients with mucosal esophageal cancer (MEC). The depth of cancer invasion was subdivided histologically into three categories: m1 = carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial carcinoma) or carcinoma with questionable invasion beyond the basal membrane; m2 = cancer invasion confined to the lamina propria, and m3 = cancer reaching to or infiltrating into the muscularis mucosae. Lymph node metastases and lymphatic invasion were found only in the tumors reaching or infiltrating the muscularis mucosae (m3). The maximum histologic vertical extent of the tumors was more than 1 mm in 4 of 5 patients with lymph node metastasis or lymphatic invasion. None of the patients died of recurrent esophageal disease, and 3 of the 6 patients who had a second primary tumor died of this other malignancy. It is critical to distinguish between m1, m2 and m3 tumors to plan a treatment strategy, including an endoscopic mucosal resection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of motility of human renal cell carcinoma by SPARC/Osteonectin/BM-40 associated with type IV collagen.

SPARC is known to be important in development and tissue remodelling. Here, we examined the effects of SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine; osteonectin) derived from a rat osteosarcoma cell line on migration of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by a Boyden chamber assay. YCR RCC cells migrated through type IV collagen-coated filters without stimuli (basal level). SPARC in the lower compartment stimulated chemotactic activity to 120% of the basal level, whereas premixing of YCR with purified SPARC before inoculation reduced their migration to 72% of the basal level. Furthermore, SPARC mixed with type IV collagen more efficiently stimulated their migration in a concentration-dependent manner (up to 170% of the basal level). This suggests that SPARC bound to type IV collagen plays a role in tumor invasion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 was studied in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 mRNAs were examined in 11 lung cancer cell lines which included six small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Localization of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 43 resected NSCLC (22 adenocarcinomas, 17 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 large cell carcinomas) using specific anti-human monoclonal antibodies. Expression of MMP-2 mRNA was detected in 5 (100%), MMP-9 in 1 (20%), TIMP-1 in 4 (80%), and TIMP-2 in 5 (100%) of 5 NSCLC cell lines examined. MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity also was detected in all five NSCLC cell lines, whereas MMP-9 activity was detected in only one cell line. In 43 patients, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 19 (44%), 9 (21%), 15 (35%), and 29 (67%) excised tumors, respectively. All stromal fibroblasts in tumor samples stained positive for MMP-2. There was a correlation between TIMP-2 immunoreactivity and disease stage (42% stage I versus 88% stages II, III, and IV) (p = 0.0024). Both cancer cell lines and NSCLC tumor samples frequently expressed MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2; MMP-2 in particular was highly expressed in malignant cells and surrounding fibroblasts. These findings suggest that MMP-2 plays a more important role in invasion of NSCLC than MMP-9 and that TIMP-2 may have clinical relevance in NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suppression by verapamil of bombesin-enhanced peritoneal metastasis of intestinal adenocarcinomas induced by azoxymethane in wistar rats.

BACKGROUND: The effects of combined administration of bombesin and verapamil hydrochloride (verapamil), a calcium channel blocker, on the incidence of peritoneal metastasis of intestinal adenocarcinomas induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and the labeling index of intestinal cancers were investigated in male Wistar rats. METHODS: From the beginning of the experiment, rats were given 10 weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (7.4 mg/kg body weight) and subcutaneous injections of bombesin (40 microg/kg body weight) every other day, and from week 16, intraperitoneal injections of verapamil (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight) every other day until the end fo the experiment in week 45. RESULTS: Bombesin significantly increased the incidence of intestinal tumors and cancer metastasis to the peritoneum. Although verapamil administered at either dose had little or no effect on the enhancement of intestinal carcinogenesis by bombesin or on the location, histologic type, depth of involvement, labeling index, apoptotic index or tumor vascularity of intestinal cancers, it significantly decreased the incidence of cancer metastasis. Verapamil also significantly decreased the incidence of lymphatic invasion of adenocarcinomas, which was enhanced by bombesin. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that verapamil inhibits cancer metastasis through actions that do not affect the growth of intestinal cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of pulse wave velocity for assessing autonomic nervous system activities in reference to heart rate variability.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is related to arterial wall elasticity, which in part is regulated by sympathetic nervous system activity. The present study investigated the potential for the simultaneous use of PWV and heart rate variability using noninvasive recordings in order to provide a quantitative evaluation of the sympathovagal interaction modulating cardiovascular functions. We obtained 10 indices from the PWV and heart rate (HR) time series of 92 healthy subjects (control group) and compared the results with those of 135 patients with diabetes mellitus or vertigo. Five indices were obtained from a PWV series, that is, the mean, the coefficient of variation (CV) during supine rest, those immediately after standing up unaided, and the change of the mean PWVs before and after standing. The rest of the indices were also obtained from the instantaneous HR series. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the change of the mean PWVs after standing, the mean and CV of resting HR, the mean and CV of standing HR, and the change of mean HRs in patients with diabetic neuropathy as compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.01). The change of the mean PWV immediately after standing allows for the assessment of peripheral vascular sympathetic functions, provided one uses HR variability indices simultaneously.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

We retrospectively analyzed the prognostic significance of angiogenesis and the relationships between tumor angiogenesis and clinopathological variables in a series of 127 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which were curatively resected. Vessels were stained with anti-factor VIII polyclonal antibody and areas with the highest number of microvessels were counted in a x400 field. Microvessel counts were significantly correlated with pN category, pM category, venous invasion and recurrence (p=0.002, p=0.040, p=0.016 and p=0.0013, respectively). The proportion of patients with recurrence increased in proportion to the number of microvessels. multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard modelling showed angiogenesis assessed by microvessel count affected the poorer prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95%CI, 1.00-1.07), although it was not a significant independent prognostic factor (P=0.088). This study suggest that angiogenesis assessed by microvessel count is a marker for relapse and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potentiation of cytotoxicity against a CEA positive cell line by the bispecific antibody OH1 using LAK cells from cancer-bearing patients.

Bispecific antibody, OH1 was developed, which simultaneously recognizes CD3 on T cells and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on tumor cells. Although there was not significant difference, PBMCs pretreated with OH1 showed tendency to prolong survival of KATO III-injected SCID mice compared with control groups. although cytotoxicity of LAK cells from cancer-bearing patients was suppressed compared with that of cells of healthy donors, LAK cells from the patients pretreated with OH1 showed significantly increased cytotoxicity against KATO III cells. These results suggest that OH1 could be useful in immunotherapy with LAK cells for carcinomas that express CEA on the membrane.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of p53 and Helicobacter pylori to clinicopathological features of human remnant stomach cancer after gastric surgery for primary gastric cancer.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological features of gastric cancer of the remnant stomach (RSC). Twenty-one patients underwent resection of the remnant stomach for RSC and were divided into two groups: the RSCB group consisted of 11 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for benign disease and the RSCM group consisted of 10 patients who underwent gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer. The interval between primary surgery and the appearance of gastric cancer in the remnant stomach was significantly shorter in the RSCM group than in the RSCB group. Invasion of adjacent organs was more frequent in the RSCM group than in the RSCB group and the Ki-67 labeling index of the tumors was significantly higher in the former group. Furthermore, p53 overexpression by tumors was almost twice as common in the RSCM group as in the RSCB group. Although there was no significant difference of the H. pylori positivity between the two groups, the rate for both groups was higher than reported in previous studies. Mutation of p53 may play an important role in the high proliferative activity of tumors in the RSCM group and H. pylori infection may be closely related to carcinogenesis in patients with RSC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsatellite alterations in patients with thoracic sarcoma.

Few studies on sarcomas have examined the relationships between microsatellite alterations in particular loci, tumor prognosis and tumorigenesis, because sarcomas are uncommon and those prognoses can be confounded by coexisting factors, such as tumor site. We studied the relationship between microsatellite alterations and prognosis in 31 patients with thoracic sarcoma. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 17p13 in stage IV sarcomas was significantly higher than that in stage I and III sarcomas (p<0.05). The 5-year survival for patients with LOH at 17p13 was significantly lower than that for patients without LOH (p<0.05). Six of 31 cases (19.4%) revealed replication error. These results suggest that p53 abnormality occurs during advanced stages of sarcoma and are related to patient prognosis, and it is possible that aberrations in mismatch repair activity are related to sarcoma tumorigenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic features characteristic of tumor stages of thymomas.

The cytologic findings of the tumor cells characteristic of the stages of thymomas were investigated to assess the invasiveness of the tumors. Forty-six patients with thymoma who underwent extensive thymectomy without pre-operative corticosteroid therapy were included in this study. The histologic subtypes included 18 round/oval, 20 mixed, and 8 spindle type. The stages of thymoma classified according to Masaoka's clinicopathological classification included 16 stage I, 20 stage II, 6 stage III, 2 stage IVa, and 2 stage IVb, and myasthenia gravis was recognized in 5 patients. Cytologic findings were retrospectively analyzed in the Papanicolaou-stained stamp smears obtained from the cut surfaces of thymoma specimens. Morphometry of the epithelial tumor cells using Cosmozone-1A was performed to evaluate the validity of our cytologic categories. Compared with the cytologic findings of stage I or II thymomas, those of epithelial tumor cells in stage III or IV more frequently showed necrotic background (50.0%-stage III or IV vs 11.1%-stage I or II, p=0.006), large clusters of epithelial tumor cells (70.0% vs 36.1%, p=0.055), marked nuclear enlargement (90.0% vs 52.7%, p=0.033), marked anisokaryosis (100% vs 52.7%, p=0.006), marked nuclear polymorphism (40.0% vs 5.5%, p=0.004), hyperchromasia (50.0% vs 11.4%, p=0.007) and prominent nucleoli (50.0% vs 16.6%, p=0.028) whereas no significant correlation was observed between cytologic findings and tumor volume. Morphometric studies of thymoma tumor cells revealed that the nuclear size (mean values, 78.8 microm(3)-stage III or IV vs 58.2 microm(3)-stage I or II), the coefficient of variation of the nuclear size (0.326 vs 0.282), and the nuclear rotundity (0.849 vs 0.858) differed significantly between the two categories (p<0.05). Our findings demonstrated that there were significant differences between the cytologic findings of epithelial tumor cells of stage I or II thymomas and those of stage III or IV thymomas, and that the cytologic findings of thymoma tumor cells appear to be useful for distinguishing between non-invasive and invasive thymomas.

Adolescent↗