[Organ weights of the Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Asakawa
Publications and source records attributed to M Asakawa.
Rheumatoid nodules of the lung in a patient with palindromic rheumatism.
We report a case of rheumatoid nodules of the lung seen in a patient with palindromic rheumatism. A 54-year-old man with palindromic rheumatism was admitted for evaluation of three nodules in the right upper lobe on chest roentgenogram. Wedge resection was performed for the purpose of confirmative diagnosis and treatment. Histology of these lung lesions revealed palisaded histiocytic cells surrounding a layer of central necrosis, which were considered to be characteristic findings of rheumatoid nodule. Such a case is extremely rare. To our knowledge, only one other case has been reported before in the literature.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Inhibitory effects of IFN on N-butyl-N-(hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine induced rats bladder tumors].
Bladder tumors were induced in rats by the oral administration of 0.025% N-butyl-N-(hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). In order to study the suppressive effects of rat interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on induction of carcinogenesis in vivo, rats were treated with IFN-alpha i.m. twice a week. The treatment began at 5th week of BBN administration. The bladder mucosa was observed macroscopically and microscopically, and NK activity was examined. The results were as follows. 1) There was no significant difference in the bladder to body weight ratio between the BBN + IFN-alpha and BBN groups in during stage A (10th-14th week when changes in the mucous membrane such as hypertrophy in the bladder wall or vascular formation are observed). This ratio in the BBN + IFN-alpha group was less than that in the BBN group in during stages B and C (15th-19th week and 20th-30th week respectively when tumors are visually recognizable). 2) The rate of carcinogenesis in the BBN + IFN-alpha group was less than that in the BBN group in stages A and C. 3) The pathological grade and stage of the bladder cancer in the BBN + IFN-alpha group were lower than those in the BBN group in stages B and C. 4) There was no significant difference in NK activity between the two groups in stage A, but NK activity of the BBN + IFN-alpha group was higher than that of the BBN group in stage B. 5) These findings substantiated the hypothesis that IFN-alpha can suppress tumor-growth in BBN induced bladder carcinoma.
Animals↗
[The use of a metallic stent in 32 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Preliminary results and 3 months of follow-up].
A prospective noncontrolled study of the safety and potential efficacy of the metallic stent was performed on 32 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Mean age was 76.6 years (range, 56-98 years), and mean prostatic volume was 24.2 cm3. The patients were selected on the basis of a quantitative symptom score (QSS), uroflowmetry measurements, and residual urine volume (RU). Nineteen patients had urinary retention and remaining 13 patients had moderate symptoms and signs of prostatism. Placing the stent was successfully done in 31 patients (97%). It took 15 minutes to place the stent using transabdominal and/or endorectal sonography. After 3 months, 27 patients (87%) showed improved QSS. In patients with dysuria, maximum flow rate (MFR) and RU before treatment were 6.9 +/- 1.7 ml/sec and 112.3 +/- 61.8 ml, respectively. After treatment, they improved to 12.3 +/- 2.7 ml/sec and 12.7 +/- 6.7 ml, respectively. On the other hand, all patients who had urinary retention were able to urinate just after treatment, and MFR and RU were 12.9 +/- 3.6 ml/sec and 24.4 +/- 43.3 ml, respectively. Evaluation on the basis of improvement in MFR and reduction in RU showed that the stent was effective in 71% of total patients (22 out of 31 patients), 94% of the patients with urinary retention (17 out of 18 patients). The overall clinical efficacy of this stent was 68% (21 patients). There were no major complications such as urge incontinence and urinary tract infection during follow-up. Although proximal migration of the stent was observed in 6 patients, the stent could be taken out and replaced in 4 patients. From the above results, we conclude that the metallic stent is useful for the treatment of prostatism and urinary retention.
Aged↗
[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor producing lung large cell carcinoma with sarcomatous transformation].
We report a case of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing lung large cell carcinoma with sarcomatous transformation. A 57-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of an abnormal shadow near the right pulmonary hilus on chest X-ray film. Brush cytology specimen from right B6 disclosed large cell carcinoma. His clinical stage was already IIIB (T3N3M0) on admission, so we immediately administered chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, the patient's condition gradually deteriorated and he died of respiratory failure. Although there was no evidence of infection throughout his clinical course, his peripheral white blood cell count gradually increased and reached 47,000/mm3 (neutrophils 96%) before death. Histological study of the autopsy specimen revealed that the primary tumor was composed of two different elements (large cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcomatoid element). The spindle cell sarcomatoid element appeared to have arisen from sarcomatous transformation of carcinoma cells, because the transition margin of the carcinoma to the sarcomatoid element was smooth, and special and immunohistochemical staining of both elements showed the same properties. Moreover, immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody to human G-CSF, 4A6 clearly demonstrated granular staining of G-CSF in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.
Carcinoma↗
Herbal medicine "sho-saiko-to" induces in vitro granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
The herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang)" has been used in China for about 3000 years for the treatment of pyretic diseases. This medicine is now available as one of the prescribing drugs approved by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, and has also been widely used for patients with chronic viral liver disease as one of biological response modifiers in the field of Japan's Western Medicine. However, its mode of action has not been fully described. In the present in vitro study, we added "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9, Tsumura, Tokyo) to the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy volunteers, and observed a dose-dependent increase in the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The same experiment was conducted using other herbal medicines "Dai-saiko-to" (TJ-8) and "Saiko-keishi-to" (TJ-10) which showed similar effects, or "Sho-seiryu-to" (TJ-19) which consists of very different compounds and shows different efficacy. The increases of G-CSF production were similar when "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) or one of the 2 reference drugs (TJ-8 and 10) was added, whereas the increase when the control drug "Sho-seiryu-to" (TJ-19) was added, was quite small. This result shows that G-CSF induction is not a common effect of herbal medicines, but a specific effect of TJ-8, 9, and 10. Among these 3 drugs the increase produced by "Sho-saiko-to" was the largest. Based on this result, we conclude that administration of "Sho-saiko-to" may be useful not only for the treatment of chronic liver disease, but also for malignant diseases and acute infectious diseases where G-CSF is efficacious.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
[A case of influenza B viral bronchopneumonia followed by CT].
A 69-year-old male with bronchial asthma was admitted to a hospital with fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed sever hypoxemia (PaO2 54.8 torr, PaCO2 28.8 torr). Chest roentgenogram showed diffuse reticulonodular shadows predominantly in the upper filed and a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion. CT image of the lung showed nodular opacities at the peripheral branches of the pulmonary arteries and bronchi, some of which had become confluent. The bronchoarterial bundle had become thicker compared with a CT taken 18 months before this admission. Three days treatment with antibiotics and gamma globulin did not change the symptoms or radiologic findings. After commencing methylprednisolone therapy, the pneumonia showed rapid improvement. Based upon the significant elevation of serum influenza B (B/Singapore/79) virus antibody titer, the patient was diagnosed as having influenza B viral bronchopneumonia. Twenty-three days after initiation of steroid therapy, slight nodular opacities were observed on CT. This finding suggests that bronchiolitis has a relatively prolonged course in influenza viral bronchopneumonia.
Aged↗
[A case of systemic arterial supply to normal lung without sequestrated lung].
A 19-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of bloody sputum. His chest radiograph showed funicular shadows adjacent to the descending aorta in the left lower lobe and absence of vascular structures in the lower portion of the left hilum. His chest CT showed increased vascularity and slightly increased parenchymal density in the left basal segments. No cystic lesions were observed on CT. Angiographic examinations revealed that the left basal segments were supplied by an aberrant artery arising from the thoracic aorta, instead of the pulmonary artery. Left lower lobectomy was performed. Gross findings at surgery and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of systemic arterial supply to normal lung without sequestrated lung. The main histological findings of the specimen were hemorrhage in alveolar spaces and dilatation of vessels. These findings seemed to correspond to the CT findings. We consider that CT is useful for the diagnosis of this disease.
Adult↗
[A case of chronic interstitial pneumonia with benign monoclonal gammopathy (IgM-k) and thrombocytopenia].
A 53-year-old woman was admitted on 13th October 1988 with symptoms of dry cough and shortness of breath persisting for 1 year. On physical examination, fine crackles were audible over her back. Chest X-ray showed bilateral reticulonodular shadows and collapse of the bilateral lower lobes. Chest CT showed patchy areas of increased density distributed predominantly in the subpleural zone. Laboratory data on admission showed thrombocytopenia, hypergammopathy (IgG, 2044 mg/dl; IgA, 286 mg/dl; IgM, 1645 mg/dl), and positive ANF. Further examinations demonstrated that anti-platelet and anti-centromere antibodies were positive in the serum, and the titer of PA-IgG was high (56 ng/10(7) platelets). Histopathological examination of the open lung biopsy demonstrated honeycombing and thickening of the alveolar walls, with slight infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. These histopathological findings were comparable with usual interstitial pneumonia. We report a very rare case of chronic interstitial pneumonia complicated by benign monoclonal gammopathy and thrombocytopenia. Although it remains unclear, these abnormalities may have been caused by immunological mechanisms.
Autoantibodies↗
[A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with B lymphocytosis in peripheral blood].
A 24-year-old man was admitted on October 14, 1988, with bilateral cotton-like shadows on chest X-ray film. Chest CT demonstrated multiple nodular shadows in bilateral lung fields. Laboratory data on admission showed peripheral blood lymphocytosis and slight decrease of serum IgG and IgA. ACE was within normal limits, and BALF findings showed no increase of lymphocytes. Surface marker analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed an increase of B lymphocytes of antibody independent stage (B1, B4, J5, OKB7, sIgM, and sIgD positive cells were increased). Southern blot analysis of peripheral blood showed no rearrangement of immunoglobulin chains (H chain and L chain). In order to differentiate sarcoidosis from lymphoproliferative disorder, open lung biopsy was performed. Pathologic study revealed multiple epithelial granulomas without caseation. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated no accumulation of B cells of the lung. This patient was pathologically diagnosed as having pulmonary sarcoidosis. The abnormal chest shadows gradually improved without therapy; however, B cell lymphocytosis and slight decrease of serum IgG and IgA persisted. In general, lymphocytopenia of peripheral blood is usual in sarcoidosis. We report a rare case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with polyclonal B lymphocytosis of antibody independent stage in peripheral blood.
Adult↗
[A case of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma with involvement of the ocular fundus].
A 37-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of abnormal shadows on chest X-ray film at routine medical examination. The chest X-ray showed diffuse granular shadows in the bilateral upper and middle lung fields. Chest CT showed multiple cystic lesions and nodular lesions. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) were performed. Electron microscopic examination of BAL fluid revealed Langerhans' cells, and lung tissue specimen obtained by TBLB showed granuloma with infiltration of histiocytes and eosinophils. During the clinical course, the patient complained of cough and decrease of right visual acuity in association with an increase of abnormal shadows on chest X-ray. The lung disease gradually resolved after the cessation of smoking in spite of no therapy. In the right eye, an exudative lesion with retinal elevation was noted in the ocular fundus. Corticosteroid administration was effective for the treatment of this lesion. There was no pathological evidence of the right ocular lesion. However, the correlation of its clinical course with the lung disease suggests a relationship between the ocular lesion and pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma.
Adult↗
[Phenotypic analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].
In order to clarify the immunological aspects of tuberculosis, phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed in 96 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 43 normal controls. In tuberculosis, CD8 positive T cells were significantly decreased in comparison with normal controls and regarding expression of CD3, CD4, CD19, CD16 and gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR), there was no significant difference between tuberculosis and normal controls, though in tuberculosis CD4 positive T cells tended to be high as compared to normal controls. With respect to previous therapeutic condition, the group with previous chemotherapy had significantly high CD4 positive cells, low CD8 positive cells and low gamma delta TCR positive cells as compared to the group without previous chemotherapy. Between groups divided by Type or Expansion of pulmonary tuberculosis without previous chemotherapy, there was no significant difference regarding any surface markers. Regarding pulmonary tuberculosis with previous chemotherapy, the group of Type II had significantly high CD4 positive cells and low CD8 positive cells as compared to Type III, and in the group of Expansion 3, CD19 positive cells were significantly high as compared to Expansion 2. Characteristic of phenotype in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is predominant CD4 positive cells in a corresponding decrease in the proportion of CD8 positive cells and is no elevation of gamma delta TCR positive T cells.
Adolescent↗
[Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection in a healthy 17-year-old man].
A 17-year-old man was admitted with a 5-month history of intermittent dyspnea on exertion, 10 kg weight loss, cough, sputa and fever. He did not smoke, had no apparent underlying pulmonary disease, and was not immunocompromised. Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from sputa at admission. Chest radiograph showed many thin-walled cavities and infiltration in the bilateral middle and upper fields. Chest CT detected multiple cystic lesions that were not revealed in conventional X-ray. It was suggested that the formation of the cystic lesions was one of the predisposing factor of Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection in this patient. The pneumonic change improved after six-month treatment using isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin, despite in vitro resistance of the bacilli to all of these drugs.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical study of prophylactic therapy of interferon on postoperative renal cell carcinoma].
A clinical trial using interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha-2b) for prophylactic therapy was done on 44 patients who had received nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Principally, the daily intramuscular injection of 3 of 6 million units of IFN alpha-2b was done for 4 consecutive weeks after 2 weeks postoperatively and thereafter followed by injection once every 2 weeks. The clinical evaluation was done for the recurrence rate, the survival rate, the IFN alpha and IFN gamma producing ability, the activity of 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5AS) and the side effect. Out of 44 cases entered, 42 were completely evaluable and recurrence was observed in 5 (11.9%) of the 42 cases. The recurrence rate was 5.5% and 16.4%, at the first and second year, respectively. Three (7.1%) of the 42 patients died. The survival rate was 97.6% at the first year, 89.7% at the second year for the followup study. The IFN alpha producing capacity was low in all of the 4 evaluable cases. The IFN gamma producing capacity was high in 3 cases and normal in 1 case. 2-5AS, the enzyme produced by IFN, was activated by IFN alpha-2b administration in all of the 4 evaluable cases. Side effects were observed in 24 (54.5%) of the 44 cases. The main side effect was fever. Leucopenia, general fatigue, appetite loss, temporary elevation of liver transaminase were also observed. However, there were only 5 cases (11.4%) in which administration of IFN alpha-2b had to be discontinued.
Adult↗
[A case of Wegener's granulomatosis of the lung diagnosed by open-chest lung biopsy].
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Administration, Oral↗
Dilepton production from a nonequilibrium quark-gluon plasma in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.
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Journal Article↗
First record of the larval parasitic nematode Rhabditis orbitalis from Japanese wood mice (Apodemus spp.).
Parasitic larvae of Rhabditis orbitalis (formerly confused with Pelodera strongyloides) were found in the conjunctival sacs of the eyes of Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus from Japanese islands.
Animals↗
Multidisciplinary treatment for bladder carcinoma--biological response modifiers and kampo medicines.
Authors studied the effects of several biological response modifiers (BRMs) on bladder carcinoma. On carcinogenesis in BBN-induced bladder carcinoma rats, Schizophyllan (SPG) showed inhibition of body weight loss and thymus weight loss. Bladder weight increase was also inhibited. SPG prolonged cancer-bearing survival time, and postponed malignant changes of bladder mucosa. On thymocytes of SPG-treated cancer-bearing rats, rosette-forming thymocytes increased. In clinical study, SPG, OK-432, ubenimex and kampo medicine were used as BRMs. As a result, the number of suppressor-inducer T cells increased, and in cytotoxic T cells a slow fall was observed. On helper-inducer T cells, a slow rise and decrease were noticed in the SPG group, and the reverse tendency was seen in the ubenimex and OK-432 group.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗