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Biomedical subjects

M Asai

Publications and source records attributed to M Asai.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Antianaphylactic components of Asarum forbsii Maxin].

From the ethyl acetate extract of Asarum forbesii Maxin, four new constituents, asarumin A(I), B(II), C(III) and D(IV), were isolated along with elemicin (V), trans-asarone(VI) and linoleic acid(VII). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as methyl 3 S-benzoyloxy-2 S-hydroxy-2-isopropylbutyrate for I, methyl 2 R-benzoyloxyisopentanoate for II, methyl 2 R-trans-cinnamoyloxyisopentanoate for III and methyl 2 R-piperonyloyloxyisopentanoate for IV. Compounds I, II, III and VII showed weak inhibition of PCA in rats, but the other compounds were inactive.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Lumbar bone density and serum osteocalcin in pre- and postmenopausal women].

The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L3) and serum osteocalcin (OC) were measured in 31 pre- and 25 postmenopausal women. Bone density was measured by single energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT value). A significant inverse correlation between the QCT value and age was demonstrated in postmenopausal women but no correlation was found in premenopausal women. Mean QCT value was significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Serum OC increases with advancing age and mean serum OC was significantly higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. A significant inverse correlation between the QCT value and serum OC was demonstrated. These data suggest that there is an association between menopause and accelerated loss of lumbar bone density and that the serum OC level may be useful in evaluating the bone mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case of malignant mesenchymoma of the maxilla].

The case of a 48-year-old male with a malignant mesenchymoma of the maxilla is reported. The patient had complained of bloody rhinorrhea and cheek pain, and a total maxillectomy was performed. The tumor consisted of a rhabdomyosarcoma, an osteosarcoma and a chondrosarcoma, which were relatively differentiated. Later, recurrence of a tumor and a lung metastasis occurred, however the tumor revealed undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. This led us to suspect the origin of the malignant mesenchymoma had been a primitive mesenchymal cell. To our a knowledge, the present case is the first reported case of a malignant mesenchymoma with a maxillary origin in the world.

Chondrosarcoma↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of maternal exercise using bicycle ergometer on maternal heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen consumption and fetal heart rate].

The effects of maternal exercise on pregnant women and fetal well-being are largely unknown. Forty-eight pregnant women between 16 and 39 weeks' gestation were exercised on a bicycle ergometer. We studied the oxygen consumption, blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rate (FHR) at rest, during and after the exercise. The mean maternal heart rate and blood pressure were increased to 166.1 +/- 12.2/min (mean +/- S.D., n = 48) and 161.1 +/- 20.1/82.7 +/- 15.2 mmHg, respectively, at maximal exercise. The absolute oxygen consumption (1/min) was increased with advancing pregnancy at rest and maximal exercise, but the functional oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min) was not changed during pregnancy. The mean FHR was increased about 4 and 9 bpm in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. Abnormal FHR patterns after the exercise were observed in 8 cases (16.7%), mild tachycardia: 6 cases, deceleration: 2 cases. Increasing the maternal heart rate at maximal exercise, increased the frequency of the abnormal FHR pattern. When the maternal heart rate was below 160/min, there was no abnormal FHR pattern. These results suggest that several medical checks should be done not only for the mother but also for her fetus during exercise and the maternal heart rate should not exceed 160/min.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

[Assay of activated form of progesterone receptor with ATP-sepharose column chromatography].

Biological actions of progesterone are correlated with the ability of the progesterone receptor(PR) to bind to nuclear acceptor sites. Measurement of not only the presence of PR in a tissue but also the amount of that receptor which is able to bind to nuclear acceptor sites is important in predicting tissue response to progesterone. Activation of PR is required for effective binding to chromatin. Since the dextrancoated charcoal assay does not distinguish between an activated and a non-activated receptor, a rapid, relatively simple assay is needed which can account for an activated form of PR. Therefore, ATP-Sepharose column chromatography was tested to identify an activated form of PR. PR in crude uterine cytosol from estrogen-primed immature rabbits was labeled with 3H-progesterone at 0 degree C. The labeled PR was then incubated at 4 degrees C with uterine chromatin from ovariectomized mature rabbits. The freshly prepared PR had little capacity to bind to the chromatin. After activation manipulation at low temperature, low ionic strength and neutral pH, this PR was able to bind to chromatin approximately fourfold more than that activated by heating at 25 degrees C. The affinity of the activated and the non-activated PR for ATP was evaluated on ATP-Sepharose column chromatography. The activated PR was selectively adsorbed onto columns of ATP-Sepharose, and the binding ability of the activated PR to ATP paralleled that of the rabbit uterine chromatin. These results suggest that ATP-Sepharose column chromatography could be useful to identify an activated PR as a substitute for chromatin binding assay.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Regional brain IR-Met-, IR-Leu-enkephalin concentrations during progress and full electrical amygdaloid kindling.

Using amygdaloid kindling in chronic rats, we were able to observe behavioral, electrographic and IR-Met- and IR-Leu-enkephalin changes throughout the progress of different stages of convulsive activity. Rats presenting the initial stages of kindling, rats presenting the first generalized motor seizure, and rats with at least 10 generalized seizures were sacrificed 24 h after the last stimulus; also rats with at least 10 generalized seizures but sacrificed 21 days after the last seizure were compared with control and sham-operated groups of rats. The IR-Met and IR-Leu enkephalin concentrations in each group were measured in the striatum, amygdala, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata (including pons), hippocampus, mid-brain, spinal cord and cerebral cortex. A progressive increase in IR-Leu-enkephalin in amygdala and hippocampus was observed over the course of kindling. These increases remained until 21 days after rats were fully kindled (at least 10 generalized seizures). We observed increased and decreased concentration of each peptide in different regions. We discussed the regional and the differential effects of each peptide. The increased concentrations in limbic structures were associated with the amygdaloid increased excitability through the kindling process. We suggest that the decreases in concentrations are related with structures involved in the output behavior manifestations produced by kindling stimulation.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1989

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid invading the occipital bone.

We describe a case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid bone extending along the occipital bone in a 48-year-old man. The presence of this tumor was heralded solely by aural fullness caused by otitis media with effusion. The tumor arose from the mastoid cavity, eroding the entire petrous portion, and invading the foramen magnum and jugular foramen. The occurrence of this tumor is exceedingly rare, and, to our knowledge, this is only the second article in the literature that describes a chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid region. The clinical appearance of this tumor and its light- and electron-microscopic findings are presented with reference to other articles.

Chondroma↗
PubMed1989

Resection of carcinoma in the cervical esophagus following prior removal of a thoracic esophageal carcinoma--a case report.

We report herein, a rare case of a patient who, having undergone resection of a thoracic esophageal cancer, underwent removal of a cervical esophageal cancer, for which a free jejunal graft with microvascular anastomoses was utilized. The tumor in the cervical esophagus had originated from a second primary squamous cell cancer, which had occurred synchronously but had unfortunately escaped detection before the first operation. Due to the high incidence of other multicentric neoplasma or metastatic skip lesions accompanying esophageal carcinoma, careful evaluation during preoperative examinations in order to avoid overlooking another lesion, especially in the cervical portion of the esophagus is imperative.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Hormonal changes in major depressive disorder.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed in 38 patients satisfying the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for cortisol, human growth hormone (hGH), prolactin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined at 4:00 p.m. before the administration of dexamethasone, whereas cortisol, hGH and TSH were determined at 4:00 p.m. the day after. Among hormonal variables, only cortisol index (the ratio of the pre-DST cortisol to the post-DST cortisol) was barely useful for discriminating depression. The cortisol index was also correlated with RDC incapacitating subcategory and with symptoms of affect such as depressed mood and psychic anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum and tissues of patients with stomach adenocarcinoma.

Total activities of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; LD) and their isoenzymes were estimated in serum and tissue samples from patients with stomach adenocarcinomas who were to undergo gastric resection. Total CK activity (U/g protein) appeared to be markedly decreased in neoplastic stomach tissue. CK-BB was the predominant isoenzyme in both neoplastic and normal stomach tissues; however, the CK-BB/total CK ratio was increased in adenocarcinoma tissue. Macro CK type 1 was found in two neoplastic tissues and macro CK type 2 in 11. LD4 and LD5 isoenzymes were predominant in gastric tissues, but LD5 and the LD5/LD1 ratio were higher in adenocarcinoma tissue. At 24 h before surgery, CK-BB was demonstrated in sera of all patients and CK-MB in 69%. The CK-BB probably originated from neoplastic stomach tissue, which contains high CK activity, with BB isoenzyme predominating. After gastrectomy, CK and LD isoenzymes in sera were markedly increased by 24 h postsurgery. These alterations were attributed to release from damaged tissue during gastric resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Stable xenon CT-CBF study with measurement of end-tidal xenon concentration--correction by arterial concentration of xenon].

Non-invasive methods with monitoring end-tidal stable xenon (ETXes) are described for estimating local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local partition coefficient (L lambda). 30% of Xes in oxygen was inhaled for 240 sec and exhaled for 160 sec during serial CT scannings after denitrogenation with pure oxygen breathing. During the examination, serial samplings of arterial blood and continuous monitoring of ETXes were performed to determine build up range (A) and build up rate constant (K) of artery. Calculated A and K using the arterial sampling (Aa and Ka, respectively) were compared with the calculated A and K using the continuous monitoring of ETXes (Ae and Ke, respectively) in 109 patients with epilepsy, head trauma, or cerebrovascular diseases. Ae and Ke had significantly positive correlation with Aa and Ka, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Generalized lymph node metastasis of early uterine cancer in an HTLV-I carrier.

Generalized lymphadenopathy due to metastases of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma developed in a 68-year-old woman who was a carrier of human T-cell leukemia Type I (HTLV-I). On her 74th hospital day, she died of massive metastases of the superficial and deep-seated lymph nodes, thyroid, lungs, pleura, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and retroperitoneum. At autopsy, the primary tumor was found in the uterine cervix. The depth of stromal invasion was approximately 4.0 mm. Such an extensive dissemination usually does not occur in cervical cancer with this type of early stromal invasion. It is conceivable that the chronic HTLV-I infection compromised the immunosurveillance against cancer and accelerated progression of the disease in this patient.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1988

Diurnal variations of IR-Met-enkephalin in the brain of pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats.

Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling was induced in male Wistar rats by daily i.p. injections of 40 mg/kg of the convulsant agent. Immunoreactive (IR)-Met-enkephalin was quantified in the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus 17 days after the last stimulus, in groups of 6-7 rats, every 4 h, beginning at 08.00 h. IR-Met-enkephalin level displayed diurnal variations in brain regions of control animals. In the amygdala and the hippocampus the peptide peaked at 24.00 h and in the hypothalamus at 20.00 h; the troughs were at 08.00, 16.00 and 08.00 h, respectively. Diurnal variations were abolished in the amygdala and hypothalamus of kindled rats. In the amygdala the effect was characterized by an IR-Met-enkephalin increase at 04.00, 08.00 and 12.00 h; in the hypothalamus the peptide was enhanced at 08.00 and 12.00 h; in the hippocampus IR-Met-enkephalin increased at 12.00 h and showed a displacement of the peak during the dark phase. The results suggest that PTZ kindling in rats produces a long-lasting alteration on diurnal variations of IR-Met-enkephalin levels in limbic structures.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1988

IR-Met and IR-Leu enkephalin content in the axolotl brain (Ambystoma mexicanum).

The peptides met- and leu-enkephalin were identified in the telencephalon, rombencephalon, diencephalon and hypophysis of Ambystoma mexicanum brain by radioimmunoassay procedure. The met-enkephalin was the predominant peptide present in the axolotl brain in contrast with leu-enkephalin, except in the hypophysis where the ratio MET/LEU was 2.2/l. The clear differences in the concentration between enkephalins through a submammalian brain species as Ambystoma genus and the possibility that leu-enkephalin is derived exclusively from a precursor like prodynorphin offers an excellent model for the opioids biosynthetic processes.

Ambystoma mexicanum↗
PubMed1988

Mapping of local cerebral blood flow with stable xenon-enhanced CT and the curve-fitting method of analysis.

A noninvasive method is described for estimating local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local partition coefficients by means of computed tomographic scanning during inhalation of 30% stable xenon gas in oxygen. Time-dependent xenon concentrations in arterial blood and brain tissue during the wash-in and washout phases are used to calculate partition coefficients and LCBF values by means of a least-squares curve-fitting analysis. Control values for partition coefficient and LCBF obtained from control subjects with minor head trauma in the chronic stage were compatible with those in several past reports, and reproducibility was satisfactory. The theoretic grounds underlying this new method of curve-fitting analysis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prognostic value of blink test in patients with facial paralysis.

In order to gain an early estimate of a prognosis for facial paralysis, the vertical eye movements associated with eyeblinks (Bell's phenomenon) in 39 patients with acute unilateral Bell's paralysis and Hunt's syndrome and of 21 normal subjects were recorded by electronystagmography. These data were then analysed with a small digital computer (PDP 11/34). The results were compared with electroneurography (ENoG) and nerve excitability test (NET) results and can be summarized as follows: 1. Difference in velocity and amplitude between left and right eye movement during eyeblink (called blink index), diminished in inverse proportion to any improvement of lagophthalmos. 2. All the 5 patients showing more than 80% in maximum blink index (MBI) proved to have a poor prognosis, whereas 18 of 19 patients having a MBI of 40% or less proved to have a good prognosis. The blink test was deemed to be of equal clinical significance to ENoG and NET for predicting facial paralysis. 3. The blink test does not require needle electrodes for electrical stimulus, nor any special equipment other than electronystagmography, and yet this test can provide a quantitative analysis of a degeneration profile in facial paralysis.

Blinking↗
PubMed1988

[Measurement of local cerebral blood flow by computerized tomography with inhalation of stable xenon and curve-fitting method].

Non-invasive methods are described for estimating local cerebral blood flows (LCBF) and local partition coefficients (L lambda) during inhalation of 30% stable xenon gas (Xe) in oxygen during CT scanning. After the denitrogenation with pure oxygen breathing, 30% Xe is inhaled for four minutes to minimize subanesthetic effects with a rubber face-mask and the delivery system of Xe. Local time-delta Hounsfield units curve during the Xe wash-in and wash-out phase is utilized in order to calculate L lambda and LCBF using a least squares curve fitting analysis. Calculated L lambda and LCBF with the new method manifested reasonable distribution between the grey and white matters, and reproducibility was excellent in our study. Several case studies of patients with cerebral infarction are presented to demonstrate the characterization of L lambda and LCBF patterns in various tissues and theoretical grounds underlying the new method of curve fitting analysis are discussed.

Adolescent↗