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Biomedical subjects

M Arai

Publications and source records attributed to M Arai.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Atopic cataracts in a Japanese population. With special reference to factors possibly relevant to cataract formation.

Atopic cataract was observed in 19 (12.4%) of 153 Japanese adolescent and young adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Of the 19 patients, 4 had gross cataract which produced impairment of vision, and 15 had incipient cataract which was not accompanied by visual impairment. Cataracts occurred most frequently in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Cataract development had no relationship to the distribution of skin lesions, clinical course of dermatitis, personal history of respiratory atopy, serum IgE levels, or concomitant ichthyosis vulgaris.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A case of esophageal carcinoma with liver metastasis treated with cisplatin].

A patient with liver metastasis of esophageal carcinoma was treated with Cisplatin and showed complete response both in the esophageal region and liver metastasis. Combination chemotherapy using Cisplatin is now often employed against metastatic regions of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus, and shows certain degrees of response. Cisplatin is considered to be one of the most effective agents for the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of local anesthetics on fetal heart rate patterns and neonatal neurobehavior].

Changes in FHR after local anesthetic administration were analyzed and the neonatal neurobehavioral status was evaluated by the use of Amiel-Tison's NACS (Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scoring System). The following results were obtained. After the epidural administration of 35 mg bupivacaine transient ominous FHR changes were noted in 12 out of 99 cases, two of which followed maternal hypotension and five followed uterine hyperactivity. Among 13 out of 43 paracervical blocks by 200mg lidocaine transient FHR changes were noted; "post PCB bradycardia"/late deceleration with decreasing variability was seen after 7 blocks and variable deceleration with increasing variability after 6 blocks. The plasma bupivacaine level of the umbilical vein was 154.4 +/- 24.5 ng/ml (UV/MV 0.26) and of the neonatal vein at the 4th day was 15.1 +/- 3.8 ng/ml (in 71% of cases there was a trace). The score of NACS tended to be lower 3-6 hrs. after birth, but at the 4th neonatal day no significant difference was noted between groups with and without regional analgesics. Although local anesthetics might cause some FHR changes in cases with low fetal reserve, clinical effects are minimal in cases of term AGA. However, particular care must be taken in such high risk cases as IUGR.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1984

Current status of ultrasonic tissue characterization in breast cancer.

Early detection and correct diagnosis of breast cancer is necessary and an important determinant of prognosis because of its high incidence, affecting 1 of 13 women in western countries. The recent rapid increase of breast cancer in Japan is due primarily to westernized dietary habits. Clinical sonography, used in screening to detect breast cancer, is increasingly being used as it offers a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and no physical hazards such as x-ray mammography. Ultrasonic tissue characterization study is an important factor in determining diagnostic criteria for breast cancer and to develop new ultrasonic equipment in clinical breast echography. Therefore the current status of ultrasonic tissue characterization is reviewed, high-lighting breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Decreased cytochrome oxidase activity in hepatic mitochondria after chronic ethanol consumption and the possible role of decreased cytochrome aa3 content and changes in phospholipids.

In ethanol-fed baboons, hepatic mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity and cytochrome aa3 content were significantly decreased by 58.3 and 50.5%, respectively, compared to their pair-fed controls. However, there was no significant correlation between the two, suggesting that other factors in addition to cytochrome aa3 may be responsible for the depression in cytochrome oxidase activity. The total phospholipid content of the mitochondrial membranes was significantly decreased (0.24 +/- 0.03 mumol of phospholipid phosphorus/mg of protein vs. 0.32 +/- 0.04 in controls). This change was accounted for, in part, by the significant decrease in the levels of phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin. In addition, the fatty acid pattern of the phospholipids was changed. There was a marked increase in the relative amounts of oleic and linoleic acids and a decrease in arachidonic acid. These changes were associated with an increase in the activity of phospholipase A2. The reactivation rate of phospholipid-depleted cytochrome oxidase by endogenous phospholipids from ethanol-fed baboons was significantly lower than that by phospholipid from pair-fed controls, when measured at an optimal phospholipid to protein ratio. Thus, it appears that alterations in the phospholipid composition of the mitochondrial membranes are responsible, at least in part, for the depression of cytochrome oxidase activity produced by chronic ethanol consumption.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa VI: formulation of effervescent enteric-coated tablets.

A new dosage form of levodopa, which has the characteristics of loading high concentrations of levodopa at the upper part of the intestine, has been developed to improve its bioavailability. It is shown that an effervescent tablet formulation, coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (carboxybenzoyl radical content: 20-24%) as the enteric material, is suitable for the purpose of dissolution. This was confirmed from animal experiments, which showed that tablets of this composition disintegrate instantly on reaching the upper part of the intestine. This tablet was considered appropriate for the bioavailability tests described in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Significance of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis.

In a patient with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and their superoxide dismutase activity were determined. The latter was found to be decreased, and the erythrocytes showed easy peroxidisability, which was shown by vulnerability to hydrogen peroxide and a marked elevation of iron-catalysed lipid peroxidation in addition to a higher basal malondialdehyde level, an end product of lipid peroxidation. These findings were correlated with haemolysis, iron-deficiency anaemia and a shortened survival of erythrocytes. Although the aetiological significance of our observations still remains to be clarified, it appears that antioxidant enzymes and the peroxidative reactivity of erythrocytes should be carefully evaluated in other patients with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Case report. Successive pregnancies in a patient with premature ovarian failure.

A woman, age 28 yr, visited the gynecological endocrine clinic for oligomenorrhea and primary infertility. Serum FSH and LH levels were high and estrogen concentrations were subnormal. In spite of the presence of high and sustained gonadotropin concentrations, resumption of ovarian function with evident ovulation resulted in the first pregnancy after clomiphene therapy. Four years later the patient did not respond to clomiphene but intramuscular progesterone was effective in induction of ovulation, followed by the second pregnancy. The effect of progesterone on hypergonadotropic ovarian failure is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hepatic mensenchymal hamartoma of an infant.

An 8-month-old boy was found to have a solitary hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. Histologically, the lesion appeared as a large island of loose mesenchymal tissue with few cystic bile ducts and liver cells. Electronmicroscopy showed microvilli on the surface of tumor cells and desmosomes between the cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that alpha-fetoprotein was localized in the proliferating liver cells and bile ductal epithelium of this neoplasm. This case is the 17th case of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma reported in Japan.

Hamartoma↗
PubMed1984

Primary carcinomas of urinary bladder diverticula.

Two cases of carcinoma arising from the urinary bladder diverticulum were found at autopsy. Both patients had hematuria as a chief complaint and were found to have a tumor mass in the bladder on cystoscopic examination. However, owing to various difficulties the tumors could not be diagnosed before death. Autopsy revealed that the tumors in both cases had arisen within diverticula and had grown into the orifice of the diverticula giving the appearance of ordinary bladder tumors. Histological examination showed that in Case 1, two carcinomas, a keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and a transitional cell carcinoma, had developed separately in a diverticulum. This may be the first case report of two cancers in a bladder diverticulum. There were no metastases in this case. Case 2 had an undifferentiated carcinoma with metastases to many organs including the lung, liver, and lymph nodes.

Aged↗