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Biomedical subjects

M Arai

Publications and source records attributed to M Arai.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Echographic characteristics and ultrasonic tissue characterization in breast tumor.

Early detection and correct diagnosis of breast cancer is necessary and an important determinant of prognosis. Clinical echography is increasingly being used as it offers a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and no physical hazards such as x-ray mammography. Ultrasonic tissue characterization study is an important factor in determining and refining diagnostic criteria and for developing new ultrasonic diagnostic equipment in clinical breast echography. Therefore, various echographic characteristics and their ultrasonic tissue characterization were analysed in various types of breast tumors such as medullary carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, scirrhous carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, lymphatic infiltration, benign cyst, fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phylloides, gynecomastia and nodular fibrosis with fat necrosis, in routine clinical echograms.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

Purification of phenylalanine hydroxylase from human adult and foetal livers with a monoclonal antibody.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase from adult and foetal livers was purified by single step monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. From adult and foetal livers, about 1280- and 1450-fold purified enzymes were obtained with 37% and 23% yield, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the resultant adult enzyme showed an essentially single band with an apparent molecular weight of 49K. On the other hand, two subunits (molecular weights 52K and 49K) were observed from the foetal enzyme. Molecular weights of the native adult and foetal enzymes as determined on Sepharose CL-6B column chromatogram were 150K and 160K, respectively. It was clear that adult and foetal liver phenylalanine hydroxylases were different proteins having different subunit molecular weights.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Serum type III procollagen peptide in diagnosis of lung fibrosis due to silicosis and bleomycin toxicity].

Early diagnosis of lung fibrosis has been hampered by the lack of a simple, convenient and specific test. Measurement of serum type III procollagen peptide (Pro (III)-N-P) by the method originally developed by Rohde et al. has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. The present study, therefore, was carried out to investigate the usefulness of the measurement of Pro (III)-N-P in 24 patients with lung fibrosis due to silicosis, and in 7 patients with malignant lymphoma treated with bleomycin, antitumor antibiotic which was the adverse effect of producing fibrosis in the lung. The normal value of the peptide in adults was 8.60 +/- 2.35 ng/ml (mean +/- SD; n = 68) and the normal upper level was set at 13.4 ng/ml (mean +/- 2SD). Patients with silicosis had significantly but not extremely high levels of the peptide and 25% of the patients showed abnormally high values. The level of Pro (III)-N-P was associated with neither physical findings, chest X-p findings nor pulmonary function test results. Three of 7 patients showed increased levels during treatment with bleomycin. In one case, a total dose of 120 mg of bleomycin for over a period of 14 months markedly increased the level of the peptide. These observations suggest that the determination of Pro (III)-N-P may be useful for the detection of lung fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new chromogenic endotoxin-specific assay using recombined limulus coagulation enzymes and its clinical applications.

A conventional limulus test is not specific to endotoxin because of the presence in amebocyte lysate of a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan-sensitive factor. By fractionating coagulation enzymes in the lysate and recombining only those factors involved in endotoxin-induced coagulation, we have developed a new test specific to endotoxin. The recombined enzymes reacted only with endotoxin, and not with fungal polysaccharides. Conventional amebocyte lysate, on the other hand, reacted with both of them. A good linearity was obtained with this method between endotoxin concentration and absorbance with a sensitivity of 1 pg/ml of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 endotoxin. The regression lines for different types of endotoxins were parallel to one another. For the correct diagnosis of endotoxemia, this new test has a definite advantage over the one using whole amebocyte lysate.

Arthropod Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Detection of a pregnancy-associated protein.

Monospecific antiserum was produced with the use of a placental extract showing high activity of a proteinase which hydrolyses a synthetic substrate, N-benzoyl-D,L-arginine p-nitroanilide, used for measuring tryptic activity. An immunological study showed that antibodies were not generated against the component with this activity but against an antigen which was not related to several well-known pregnancy-associated proteins. Pregnancy sera contained an antigen which immunologically was completely identical to the antigen of placental origin. Single radial immunodiffusion showed an elevated level of reactive antigen in pregnant subjects: 70% of 333 cases were positive. Cross-reacting antigen was also detected in sera as well as ascitic fluid from cases of advanced ovarian cancer. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration indicated that the antigen has an apparent molecular weight of 94000, and immunoelectrophoresis showed the molecule to be of beta-mobility. These properties suggest that the substance may represent an additional pregnancy-associated protein entity. Partial purification and some immunological properties of this antigen are described.

Antigens↗
PubMed1985

Morphologic changes in the urinary bladder and stomach after long-term administration of sodium saccharin in F344 rats.

The effects of long-term administration of sodium saccharin on the urinary bladder and stomach of F344 rats were investigated. Sixty-eight male F344 rats, aged 7 weeks at the beginning of the experiment, were maintained on diet supplemented with 5% sodium saccharin for 112 weeks. Animals were killed periodically and investigated for gross and microscopic lesions in the urinary bladder and stomach. Papillary or nodular hyperplasia was evident in the urinary bladder epithelium from 8 weeks onwards although no papillomas or transitional cell carcinomas developed. Lesions observed in the bladders of control animals fed the basal diet without the saccharin supplement were limited throughout the experiment to a few areas of simple hyperplasia. While no changes were apparent in the stomach of control animals, a 100% incidence of hyperkeratosis at the limiting ridge of the forestomach was observed after 80 weeks administration of saccharin, 5 of 20 animals also having papillomas. Furthermore, erosion was pronounced in the glandular stomach of saccharin-treated animals with 4 cases of atypical gland being observed. No histopathological lesions were apparent in the liver, kidneys or spleen of either control or experimental groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Amino acid sequence of protein alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces griseosporeus YM-25.

The amino acid sequence of a protein alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces griseosporeus YM-25 (Haim II), which consists of 77 amino acid residues, including two disulfide bridges, was determined by conventional methods. One of the disulfide bridges was found to be located between Cys(6) and Cys(22), and the other between Cys(40) and Cys(67) from the results of structure analyses of the two cystine-containing peptides obtained from the thermolysin digest of the native inhibitor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Appearance of dark keratinocytes following intracutaneous injection of cholera toxin in mouse skin.

Intracutaneous injection of cholera toxin (CT), exotoxin of Vibrio cholerae, induces epidermal hyperplasia in mice, rats, and hamsters. In the work reported here we found that, like other hyperplasiogenic compounds such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate which are tumor promoters, CT induces dark basal keratinocytes (dark cells) in the epidermis of mice. These are distinct from other epidermal cells since they contain dense cytoplasm rich in ribosomes and tonofilaments. This was demonstrated by electron microscopy and by toluidine blue staining of paraffin- or Epon-embedded sections. They comprised 3.1% of interfollicular basal cells 24-64 h after injection of 1 ng CT as compared with 0.5% in saline-injected skin. It was found by autoradiography of paraffin sections that about 47.2% of dark cells were labeled with [3H]thymidine at these times, while under the same conditions, labeling indices of basal cells were about 30% at the peaks. These results are discussed in relation to tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis of mouse skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Myasthenia gravis associated with lipodystrophy.

Patients with partial lipodystrophy frequently show hypocomplementemia but rarely have associated autoimmune diseases. We report here a patient of myasthenia gravis associated with limb lipodystrophy, a variant form of partial lipodystrophy, and hypocomplementemia.

Adult↗