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Biomedical subjects

M Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to M Aoki.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons in the cervical cord in connection with the phrenic nucleus: an HRP study in cats.

The localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons (SAMNs) that innervate the accessory respiratory muscles, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TP) muscles, was identified in the cat using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. In the cases of HRP bathing of the transected spinal accessory nerve (SAN), HRP-labeled motoneurons were observed ipsilaterally from the C1 to the rostral C6 segments of the spinal cord. Labeled neurons were located principally in the medial and central regions of the dorsomedial cell column of the ventral horn in the C1 segment, in the lateral region of the ventrolateral cell column in the C2-C4 segments, between the ventrolateral and ventromedial cell columns in the C5 segment and in the lateral region of the ventromedial cell column in the C6 segment. In the cases of HRP injection into either SCM or TP muscles, labeled SCM motoneurons were found in the C1-C3 segments of the spinal cord and labeled TP motoneurons were chiefly localized more caudally within the spinal accessory nucleus. The present study revealed that, in the C5 and C6 segments, the SAMNs have a very similar topographic localization to the phrenic nucleus in the ventral horn. This finding implicated the functional linkage of the SAMNs with the phrenic motoneurons in particular types of respiration.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1985

Effect of aspoxicillin on anaerobic bacteria.

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a semisynthetic penicillin has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Its in vitro antibacterial activity was less than those of cefoxitin against Peptostreptococcus and Veillonella, but was significantly high against Bacteroides fragilis, one of the most clinically important anaerobe. The therapeutic and/or protective effect of ASPC in experimental subcutaneous abscess or experimental intraabdominal mixed infection due to beta-lactamase producing B. fragilis and non-producing Escherichia coli were much stronger than those of ticarcillin. In order to account the superiority of ASPC in vivo, the effects of ASPC and other beta-lactams on B. fragilis were compared and the results were analyzed in relation to their in vitro bactericidal activities, stability against the beta-lactamase, binding properties with penicillin-binding proteins and pharmacokinetic properties. Interestingly, administration of ASPC did not increase the bacterial counts of Clostridium difficile in caecal contents, but piperacillin, ticalcillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin and cefotaxime increased the counts.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1985

[Lung cancer screening-its present situation, problems and perspectives].

Mortality from lung cancer is increasing at the rate of more than 7% annually, becoming 31.7 per 100,000 among males in 1983. Out of 3,278 cities, towns and villages all over Japan, 21% of them were carrying out mass screening programs for lung cancer in 1982, and many other municipalities have followed suit over the last few years. Lung cancer screening has spread because of the widespread use of mass miniature radiophotography (MMR) for tuberculosis which has been adopted for use for lung cancer on the one hand, and because many research programs have revealed rather high detection rats with excellent prognosis for occult lung cancer using sputum cytology on the other. As screening procedures differ from one area to another, evaluation of the various methods of screening has been made. Emphasis is laid on the importance of double reading of X-ray film, comparisons of X-ray findings with those of previous one, criteria of screening for doubtful lung cancer cases, criteria for high-risk groups in sputum cytology, and so on. Epidemiological effects of lung cancer screening have not yet been confirmed, but so many lung cancer cases have been detected and treated, that a realistic approach for the improvement of screening programs was discussed.

Adult↗