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Biomedical subjects

M Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to M Aoki.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Studies on sexual activity in Japanese males based on inquiry about sexual behavior: especially in association with advancing age].

To study the changes in sexual function, especially potency in males with age, 3,389 married male patients who visited the urological department were inquired about their sexual behavior, and the following results were obtained. Sexual intercourse was performed once a week or more in 95.2% of those aged under 30 years, 84.2% of those aged between 30-39 years, 55.2% of those aged between 40-49 years, 26.3% of those aged between 50-59 years, and 10% or less of those aged 60 years or more. Conversely, the percentage of those reporting no sexual intercourse increased with age, especially markedly after 50 years of age: 10% or less in those under 50 years, 21.1% in the 6th decade, 44.8% in the 7th decade, and 69.5% in the 8th decade. The awareness of morning erection decreased gradually with age. In those 60 years or older, the percentage of those without morning erection was higher than those with morning erection. The association between the testicular volume and potency was unclear in those under 50 years of age. However, in those between 50-69 years, potency tended to be reduced with the decrease in the testicular volume. The frequency of sexual intercourse in infertile patients with testicular dysfunction was nearly equal to that in those with normal testicular function. The decrease in sexual activity with age appears to be complicated associated with sociological and psychological factors in addition to aging. In a society where the proportion of the aged is increasing, evaluation from various aspects is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment of organic impotence by implantation of Jonas prosthesis].

We carried out operative insertion of Jonas penile prosthesis in 10 cases with organic impotence. Erection had been incomplete due to radical surgery for bladder or rectal cancer in 5, pelvic fracture in 1, diabetes in 1, Peyronie's disease in 1 and unknown in 2 of the operated cases. Nine of the 10 cases were able to have sexual intercourse at 5-16 weeks after the operation, but the prosthesis was taken off in the remaining one due to long-lasting pain in the penile and perineal region. We have confirmed that the implantation of Jonas prosthesis is a safe and useful procedure for organic impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dual pathways for thermal afferents from the cat's tongue.

In the lightly anesthetized cat, pathways transmitting cold afferents from the tongue to the first somatosensory cortex (SI) and to the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area were analyzed electrophysiologically. Thalamic cold-sensitive neurons that are responsive to cold stimulation of the tongue were found in the dorsomedial and caudal part of the medial ventroposterior nucleus (VPM). These thalamic neurons received synaptic inputs from the neurons in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nuclei. Many of the neurons in the SI activated by stimulation of the cold-sensitive area in the VPM responded to cold stimulation of the tongue. Blocking the neural activity around the thalamic cold-sensitive area by injecting a solution of xylocaine resulted in a lack of responsiveness to cold stimulation of the tongue in the cortical cold-sensitive neurons. There were neurons in the PO/AH area responsive to such cold stimulation. These neurons were activated by electrical stimulation of the cold-sensitive area in the subnucleus caudalis, but not by stimulation of the cold-sensitive area in the VPM. These results suggested the possible existence of dual pathways for cold afferents from the tongue. One is the pathway to the SI through the VPM and the other to the PO/AH area. The signal transmission speed of the former was markedly faster than that of the latter.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1986

Peroxidase activity in rat tracheal epithelium and gland.

Endogenous peroxidase activity in the upper tracheal epithelium and submucosal gland of specific pathogen-free rats was examined cytochemically using the DAB method in animals bred in a conventional room without special equipment for air filtration (conventional system), and those bred under a semibarriered system in which fresh air was filtered and controlled to flow in one way (semibarriered system). Peroxidase activity was consistently positive in the serous cells of the gland of all the rats in both groups. In 22 (71.0%) of the 31 rats in the conventional system, peroxidase activity was demonstrated also in ciliated cells, mucous cells, and goblet cells of the tracheal epithelium, and in mucous cells and duct cells of the tracheal submucosal gland. However, the activity was detected in these cells only in 2 (6.7%) of the 30 rats in the semibarriered system. Goblet cells were not observed in the latter group of rats. The fine localization of peroxidase activity was similar among the peroxidase positive cells, and was demonstrated in the cisternae of the nuclear envelope and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, some parts of Golgi apparatus, secretory granules, and in some cases in the intraductal spaces of the gland. The present study indicated that environmental conditions markedly influence peroxidase activity in the upper tracheal epithelium and gland of rats.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMed1986

Circumscribed endometrial stromatosis of the uterus with marked epitheliogenesis.

A 75-year-old female suffered from continuous abnormal genital bleeding; endometrial biopsy was interpreted as stromal hyperplasia. Simple total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. A circumscribed tumor covered by atrophic endometrium was found in the uterine fundus, bulging into the endometrial cavity; histological pictures revealed endometrial stromatosis with marked epitheliogenesis having a papillary formation and sex-cord-like differentiation. No recurrence or metastasis was detected postoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The possible role of collateral sprouting in the functional restitution of corticospinal connections after spinal hemisection.

We investigated in monkeys whether the corticospinal fibers increase their connections with lumbosacral neurons after spinal hemisection, using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. In three monkeys 3.5-38 months after spinal hemisection at the lower thoracic or upper lumbar cord, HRP was injected into the lumbosacral cord unilaterally on the hemisected side at a level caudal to the lesion. Control injections were performed in two intact monkeys and in two other monkeys immediately after hemisection. In all animals, corticospinal neurons in the precentral motor cortex were labeled bilaterally. However, in the chronically spinal hemisected monkeys, the number of the labeled neurons was significantly increased on the side ipsilateral to the lesion. These results suggest that corticospinal connections to lumbosacral motoneurons are newly formed on the side of spinal cord hemisection. This synapse formation may be due to collateral sprouting of intact corticospinal fibers, and it may underlie the mechanisms of motor recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Spinal sufentanil effects on spinal pain-transmission neurons in cats.

The ability of sufentanil to suppress noxiously evoked activity of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons was studied in decerebrate, spinal-cord-transected cats. Sufentanil, 2.5 micrograms (n = 7) or 5.0 micrograms (n = 7), when administered spinally, produced a significant, dose-dependent suppression of noxiously evoked (51 degrees C radiant heat stimulus) activity of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Spontaneous recovery from sufentanil suppression was not seen for up to 2 h. Reversal following intravenous naloxone, 0.12 mg, although present, was not as complete as that seen following other spinal opiates. Intravenous sufentanil, 5.0 micrograms/kg (n = 4), produced significant but short-lasting depression of noxiously evoked WDR neuron activity. A comparison of the results of this study with data from a previous fentanyl study suggests that sufentanil may be more appropriate than fentanyl for spinal or epidural administration because of a possible longer duration of action. However, the lesser degree of naloxone reversal seen in this study may suggest that, clinically, reversal of sufentanil effects may be more difficult.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In vivo generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells in the regional lymph node: effect of subcutaneous inoculation of mls-disparate spleen cells around implanted tumors in mice.

Generation of immunological resistance to a B-cell tumor was attempted by inoculating histoincompatible spleen cells around the sites of implanted tumor cells. Syngeneic hybridomas developed in the regional area of 96% of the control mice but in 4% of the mice that had received s.c. inoculation of H-2-matched, mls-disparate spleen cells. The regional lymph node cells of the mice in which tumors did not develop showed direct cytotoxicity against the hybridoma cells. This cytotoxicity was sensitive to treatment with the monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 and complement and was specific for the tumor cells. After s.c. inoculation of mls-disparate spleen cells, cells of the regional lymph node were shown to produce interleukin 2. Primary cultures of the recipient lymph node cells and the donor spleen cells in the presence of T-cell growth factors showed that the tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes were derived from the donor spleen cells. These results strongly suggest that on injection of mls antigen-disparate spleen cells, injected splenic T-cells specific for the tumor developed into functional cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with the help of interleukin 2 which was produced by the mixed lymphocyte reaction in vivo and thus prevented tumor growth. The possibility of clinical application of this procedure in the immunotherapy of neoplasms is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

3-dimensional computer simulation of depolarization and repolarization processes in the myocardium.

A computer algorithm for 3-dimensional computer simulation of electric phenomena in the human heart has been completed, in which the heart model consists of 50,000 functional cells arranged in the cubic close-packed structure and various waveforms of the action potential have been allotted to these functional cells. The present model allows one to estimate time courses of ECG, VCG, and body surface potential distribution from the P-wave up to the T-wave. It also can simulate electric phenomena in the heart with anomalies in the conduction system and the myocardium.

Action Potentials↗