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Biomedical subjects

M Anthony

Publications and source records attributed to M Anthony.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Serotonin antagonists.

The realisation that serotonin plays a role not only in the carcinoid syndrome but also in migraine, nociception, dumping syndrome, vascular disease and hypertension, has led to an enormous amount of activity in search of serotonin antagonists. Numerous such pharmacological agents have been identified but only few have found their way into clinical use. All of them are competitive serotonin inhibitors, in that they vie for the same receptor as the amine itself and are thus able to block its action as well as imitate its effects. By far the widest use of such inhibitors is in the prevention of migraine, where they have effectively eliminated the dread of an attack from the life of the majority of patients. Whilst useful in the control of diarrhea in patients with carcinoid and dumping syndromes, their role in these diseases is limited. However, the possible role of serotonin in hypertension and nociception opens new avenues in the use of existing serotonin antagonists and calls for the discovery of a new generation of such pharmacological agents for the control of these conditions.

Cyproheptadine↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat. Effects of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin-A, and antiserum to rat lymphocytes.

Combination immunosuppression therapy with long-acting glucocorticoids, cyclosporin-A, and antiserum to rat lymphocytes (ALS) reduced the severity of spontaneous diabetes among BioBreeding/Worcester rats and decreased the frequency of diabetes in susceptible littermates. Combination therapy with glucocorticoids and three injections of ALS reversed hyperglycemia in a significant number of acutely diabetic animals. These results strengthen the hypothesis that autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in these animals and increase our understanding of the requirements of treatment protocols for the prevention and cure of this spontaneous syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical indices of sympathetic activity in migraine.

Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cAMP, free fatty acids and serum DBH, were estimated in a group of ten migrainous patients before, during and after a migraine attack. All parameters, apart from adrenaline, showed a statistically significant elevation during the headache period. As the blood concentration of the above substances taken in combination is the most reliable index of sympathetic activity available at present, these findings indicate that there is considerable sympathetic dysfunction during the migraine attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Domestic breeding of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).

Two reproductive strategies were used in the management of a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) breeding colony. The first strategy involved placement of all animals into one-male harem units for breeding, parturition, and infant rearing. The second strategy involved a reduction in the number of males, movement of pregnant females to individual cages, and formation of new groups with females and neonates. The second strategy resulted in an increased percentage of females having successful births and an increased survival of neonates. The percentage of females becoming pregnant did not change.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Neck-tongue syndrome on sudden turning of the head.

A syndrome of unilateral upper nuchal or occipital pain, with or without numbness in these areas, accompanied by simultaneous ipsilateral numbness of the tongue is explicable by compression of the second cervical root in the atlantoaxial space on sharp rotation of the neck. Afferents fibres from the lingual nerve travelling via the hypoglossal nerve to the second cervical root provide a plausible anatomical explanation for compression of that root causing numbness of half the tongue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Determination of phencyclidine by radioimmunoassay.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for measurement of phencyclidine (PCP) and its monohydroxy metabolites in urine. Anti-PCP serum was generated in rabbits and the labeled antigen was prepared by radio-iodination (125I) by the Hunter-Greenwood procedure. Adjustment of the antiserum and 125I-antigen concentrations resulted in a dynamic response from 0 to 200 ng/ml and as little as 2 ng/ml was detected. Reagents were stable for at least three months at 2 to 8 degrees C. Most (95%) urine specimens from presumed nonusers contained less than 5 ng/ml and urine specimens from suspected abusers usually exceeded 100 ng/ml. Comparison of RIA with other methods for detection of PCP showed good agreement. Cross-reactivity with other commonly prescribed drugs was not encountered. The recovery of PCP was 93 to 109% over the 20 to 175 ng/ml concentration range and the reproducibility (average coefficient of variation) was +/- 13%. Development of the RIA for PCP has resulted in a rapid procedure that can be adapted to automated processing and is also suitable for small-scale testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Role of individual free fatty acids in migraine.

Total plasma free fatty acids, platelet serotonin content and plasma stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were estimated in 10 migraine patients before, during and after a migraine attack. Total and individual plasma free fatty acid levels rose and platelet serotonin content fell in most patients. The highest rise was observed in linoleic acid, which is known to be a potent liberator of platelet serotonin in vitro and is the only precursor of all prostaglandins in the body. It is suggested that the rise in plasma levels of linoleic acid in migraine could be responsible for the platelet serotonin release observed during the attack. At the same time, it may also serve as a source of increased prostaglandin E1 synthesis, which has a powerful vasodilating effect. It is realized that both suggestions have to be confirmed by relevant investigations, as outlined in the body of this paper.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1978

Individual free fatty acids and migraine.

Total plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), platelet serotonin content and plasma stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were estimated in 10 migrainous patients before, during and after a migraine attack. Total and individual plasma FFA levels rose and platelet serotonin fell in most patients. Comparison of the pre-headache and headache mean values showed that of the FFAs linoleic acid rises most during headache. 10 non-migrainous controls had platelet serotonin content estimated before and after the ingestion of 20g linoleic acid. All showed a significant fall in platelet serotonin in the post-ingestion period. It is shown that linoleic acid releases platelet serotonin in vitro, and this study suggests that it has the same action in vivo. Further, it is the precursor of all prostaglandins in the body and its marked elevation during migraine may serve as a source of increased prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) synthesis. It is suggested that linoleic acid plays an important role in the biochemical process of the migraine attack, acting both as a serotonin releasing factor and a source of PGF1, the vasodilating action of which can aggravate the clinical symptoms of migraine.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

AL-ANON.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1977

The anticonvulsant action of sodium valproate (Epilim) in 100 patients with various forms of epilepsy.

Sodium valproate (Epilim) has been used in the management of 100 patients with previously uncontrolled epilepsy for periods up to 2 years. If all manifestations of epilepsy are considered together, 75% to 100% control of seizures was achieved in 43% of patients, 25% to 74% control in 26%, and no improvement occurred in 31% of patients. Control of 75% to 100% was achieved in 57% of patients with a spike and wave electroencephalogram (EEG) disturbance but only in 35% of those with focal abnormalities, excessive slow activity, or normal records. When the various manifestations of epilepsy were considered individually, the greatest improvement was found among the patients with the minor forms of generalized epilepsy (petit mal absences, myoclonus and atonic attacks) in whom 75% to 100% control was obtained in 67%, compared with 43% of those with major generalized seizures (grand mal) and 30% of those with temporal lobe attacks and other forms of focal epilepsy. Gastrointestinal disturbances and drowsiness were noted as side effects in the early stages of treatment, but the majority of patients tolerated the drug well and many commented on increased mental alertness while taking it. Two patients were over-stimulated and some noticed tremor or twitching as side effects. Some minor abnormalities in blood coagulation studies were noted, but these were transient and did not appear to be of clinical significance. Regular blood counts and biochemical studies have not shown any significant changes. Sodium valproate appears to be a safe and useful anticonvulsant with the advantage that it usually makes patients brighter rather than drowsier. Abnormalities of platelet function have been described in some overseas reports, so that any unexplained bruising or bleeding in a patient taking valproate is an indication for a platelet count and coagulation studies.

Adolescent↗