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Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Different classes of antibody activities to Trichosporon cutaneum antigen in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

To assess the diagnostic value of antibody activities to Trichosporon cutaneum antigen in patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan, we measured the serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to saline-soluble antigen of homogenized T. cutaneum cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IgG antibody activity was observed in serum samples from 25 (83%) of the 30 patients and in 9 (82%) of the 11 asymptomatic family members. The IgA antibody activity was found in 25 (83%) of the patients but in only 3 (27%) of asymptomatic family members. Unexpectedly, we found no significant correlation between the IgG and IgA antibody activities to the same antigen in individual patients. Moreover, although the IgG antibody activity was related to the precipitating antibody, the IgA antibody activity was not. The IgM antibody activity by ELISA was found in only 5 (17%) of the patients. The IgG+IgA+IgM antibody activity was demonstrated in 27 (90%) of the 30 patients, and of 3 serum samples that were found negative by the ELISA method, 2 were positive by the IFA method. We conclude that the detection of the serum IgG and IgA antibody activities to T. cutaneum antigen by ELISA is a simple and useful serodiagnostic test for summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Measurement of the IgA antibody activity is especially helpful in discriminating symptomatic from asymptomatic family members.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1986

Specific bronchoalveolar lavage IgA antibody in patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon cutaneum.

Patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon cutaneum were studied with respect to specific IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibody activities to T. cutaneum in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). A strain of T. cutaneum was isolated from 1 patient's pillow. All serum samples from the family members (2 patients and 2 asymptomatic) contained IgG antibody activity to T. cutaneum, and the titers showed no difference between the patients and asymptomatic family members. On the other hand, IgA and S-IgA antibody activities in serum and BALF were markedly increased only in the patients, and the titers were well correlated with the clinical course. The BALF/serum ratio of specific antibody activity was markedly elevated in IgA and S-IgA antibody activities in striking contrast to that in IgG, suggesting an immune reaction of the respiratory tract. The bronchial challenge test with T. cutaneum antigen was positive in the patients, but not in an asymptomatic family member. These results indicate that measurement of IgA and S-IgA antibody activities in serum and BALF is useful for diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isoelectric focusing variant thyroxine-binding globulin in American blacks: increased heat lability and reduced serum concentration.

Three major bands of T4-binding globulin (TBG) at pH 4.3-4.5 are seen after isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum. Daiger et al. detected a cathodal shift of all IEF bands in some American blacks, and found that the inheritance of this variant TBG (TBG-S) is X-chromosome linked. However, the properties of the TBG-S molecule and its possible association with changes in thyroid function have not been studied. Based on IEF analysis of 114 serum samples from adult American blacks, the gene frequency of TBG-S was 12.0%, and the genotype distribution was consistent with X-chromosomal linkage. TBG-S and the common type TBG (TBG-C) co-occurred exclusively in sera from women, whereas sera from men had only TBG-C or TBG-S, confirming the X-linked inheritance of this variant TBG. At 60 C, TBG-S was denatured with a mean t1/2 of 4.7 +/- 0.9 (+/-SD) min compared to 6.8 +/- 1.1 min for TBG-C (P less than 0.001). Heterozygous females with TBG-CS had an intermediate rate of heat denaturation (t1/2, 5.2 +/- 0.7 min). In vitro mixtures of TBG-S and TBG-C also had intermediate t1/2 values, indicating that the heat lability of TBG-S is inherent to the variant TBG molecule. Heat denaturation resulted in loss of T4-binding activity, which was proportional among corresponding IEF bands for each of the two TBG types. Larger amounts of added T4 were required to protect against the heat-induced denaturation of TBG-S. No changes in the affinity of TBG-S for T4 could be demonstrated by analysis of binding kinetics at O C. Thyroid function tests were carried out in 10 black men with TBG-S and 10 age-matched black men with TBG-C. The mean concentration of total T4 (TT4) of 6.8 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl in the group of TBG-S men was lower (P less than 0.02) than that in the group of TBG-C men (8.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms/dl). The finding of lower levels of TT4 in men with TBG-S was best explained on the basis of a concomitant reduction of serum TBG concentration (1.41 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.72 +/- 0.23 mg/dl; P less than 0.05). This conclusion was confirmed when no significant difference in mean TT4 concentration was found between the group with TBG-S and another with TBG-C matched by serum TBG concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1986

A new technique for measuring water transport across the seawater eel intestine.

A new technique was developed for measuring net water flux across the eel intestine in vitro. The new perfusion method was suitable for long duration experiments because of continuous oxygen supply to both the external and the perfusion medium. Net water flux was calculated directly from the difference between the rates of effluent and perfusate flow without measuring the concentration of marker substances. The calculated value of net flux appears to be reliable because: its direction is always from mucosa to serosa in both everted and non-everted intestine; ouabain diminishes it to zero; it is identical with the standard water flux obtained under zero perfusion; and it is identical with the value obtained by means of [14C]PEG following the previous perfusion method. The net water fluxes obtained by the new method were steadier than those obtained with the previous complicated perfusion method. In this new experimental system, the net water flux and the transepithelial potential difference (PD) decreased gradually with time, and were not restored by application of adrenergic agonists or cortisol. These parameters were stimulated by 5 mmol l-1 L-alanine, but not by D-glucose, L-valine or L-glycine, indicating a specific action of L-alanine.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1986

Activation of alveolar macrophages in pulmonary sarcoidosis: lack of correlation with serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity.

To identify the activation of alveolar macrophages as a direct measure of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis and to evaluate the possible relationship with serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels, we studied the morphology and function of alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with active disease (n = 12) and inactive disease (n = 5), and from normal controls (n = 11). At the time of lavage, 6 of 12 patients with active disease showed an elevation of serum ACE levels. When alveolar macrophages were cultured, more cells from active disease adhered to glass, spread out, and were positive for NBT reduction (p less than 0.001). Lysosomal enzyme (beta-galactosidase) activity was higher only in patients with active disease (p less than 0.001). In active disease, there were no significant differences in morphology or function of alveolar macrophages between higher and normal serum ACE levels. Thus, alveolar macrophages were activated in active pulmonary sarcoidosis and no correlation was found with serum ACE levels. These results suggest that serum ACE levels do not accurately reflect the activity of disease in the lung.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Synchrotron radiation at the Photon Factory for non-invasive coronary angiography: experimental studies.

Synchrotron radiation available at the Photon Factory, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, provides a new X-ray source which is highly suitable for K-edge subtraction. This is due to its high intensity, its parallelism and its monochromaticity, available in a monochromator system. Experiments were performed using wiggler synchrotron radiation. Since the beam size is relatively-small for in-vivo imaging, a phantom coupled with a detector was moved horizontally using a scanning table. K-edge subtraction was successfully applied both to the coronary artery phantom filled with barium sulphate, and to rat angiography using iodine contrast material. The potential use and value of energy subtraction was successfully demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Mitral valve abnormalities in the hypoplastic right heart syndrome: echocardiographic observations].

Two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations were performed for 86 patients with the hypoplastic right heart syndrome (55 cases of tricuspid atresia, 9 of pure pulmonary stenosis and 22 of pure pulmonary atresia). Prolapse of the anterior mitral leaflet was detected in 14 patients (16.3%). Four of these 14 patients had mitral regurgitation. Among the patients with mitral valve prolapse, ruptured chordae tendineae of the mitral valve were detected in two, and elongation of the chordae in one. There were no significant relationships between the incidence of mitral valve prolapse and sex, age, type of tricuspid atresia, previous palliative surgery, or PaO2. However, one patient with pure pulmonary stenosis, who had had mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation, developed mitral regurgitation several months after undergoing a Blalock-Taussig shunt operation. The mechanism responsible for mitral valve prolapse in the hypoplastic right heart syndrome is not clear. Multiple factors, such as long-standing left ventricular volume overload, hypoxic myocardial damage, and anatomical chordal abnormalities may cause mitral valve prolapse. The presence of a mitral valve abnormality has an important bearing on the natural history as well as the surgical procedure of choice. The need for careful echocardiographic examinations to detect mitral valve abnormalities in the hypoplastic right heart syndrome is thus underscored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections].

Clinical evaluation and kinetics in serum of cefoperazone (CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been conducted as a multicenter trial participated by 20 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 8 months from October 1984 to May 1985. Mean serum CPZ levels up to 4 hours following the end of intravenous infusion of either 1 or 2 g CPZ remained higher than the MIC80 of CPZ against major causative organisms of lower respiratory tract infections such as H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae. Serum half-lives of CPZ following intravenous infusion were prolonged in the elderly and in patients who showed moderate liver or kidney dysfunction, but did not exceed twofold of normal value. Clinical efficacy rates of CPZ were 82.9% (34/41) against pneumonia, 80% (4/5) against lung abscess, 88.9% (32/36) against acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 66.7% (2/3) against panbronchiolitis, 100% (1/1) against acute bronchitis, and 85.7% (12/14), 64.3% (9/14) and 70.0% (7/10) against infections concurrent to chronic respiratory diseases, pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 81.5% (101/124). Bacteriological eradication rates against P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were 60% (6/10), 88.9% (8/9) and 100% (3/3), respectively. The overall eradication rate including polymicrobial infection was 67.5% (27/40). The clinical efficacy rate of CPZ in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumoconiosis, etc. was not significantly different from the efficacy rate in patients without these underlying diseases. Of 20 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 13 were effectively treated by CPZ. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.7% (11/164) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash, fever, diarrhea and loose stool. Laboratory abnormalities were seen in 5 patients during the study. These included elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, eosinophilia and neutropenia. CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections because of its excellent clinical efficacy and rare incidence of abnormal accumulations in sera following the recommended 2-4 g/day administration even in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Penetration of cefotaxime into human bone marrow blood].

Concentrations of cefotaxime (CTX) in bone marrow blood and venous blood were examined with the passage of time in 21 cases which received operations of bone and joint. Concentrations of CTX in bone marrow blood at 30 minutes of a single intravenous administration 2 g each of CTX were found to be 85.2 +/- 24.5 micrograms/ml. Concentration ratio of CTX in bone marrow blood to that in venous blood was reached the peak at 120 minutes after administration. Concentrations of CTX observed were higher than the MIC of CTX against major pathogens responsible for the postoperative infections in orthopaedic field. The CTX, therefore, is expected to have an effective antibiotic in prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗