The effects of long-term supervised aerobic exercise on the body weight, serum lipids and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were studied in 41 obese children (21 boys, 20 girls) initially aged 11-years-old. The 2 year training program was performed during the daily school life. The intensity of training consisted of running 20 minutes seven times per week at a pace which corresponds to the blood lactate threshold. No dietary intervention was done. The obesity index significantly decreased after 1 year of aerobic exercise in both boys and girls by 55 percent and 48 percent respectively. Since the lean body mass increased throughout the 2 year study while the total body weight decreased, the weight loss is attributed to a decrease in fat. The concentration of HDL-C significantly increased in both boys and girls in the first year, 16 percent and 19 percent respectively and was a slightly lower value in the second year. After 2 years a significant reduction in the girls' serum triglyceride concentration was observed. However, the total cholesterol in serum was unaltered in either boys or girls throughout the 2 year study. In conclusion, a long-term supervised aerobic exercise program in obese children is beneficial and resulted in significant weight reduction with concomitant improvement of lipoprotein metabolism.

Child↗

PubMed1987

[Ventricular septal aneurysm with ventricular septal perforation after blunt chest trauma--a case report].

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Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1987

[An autopsy case of a so-called carcinosarcoma of the pancreas].

A case of a "so-called carcinosarcoma" of the pancreas that occurred in a 48-year-old female is reported. At autopsy, the pancreatic tumor was seen to have deeply invaded the gastric wall, causing ulceration. The pancreatic tumor consisted of two different histological components: a squamous cell carcinoma and spindle-cell sarcomatous tumor cells. Transitional areas between the two different tumor cells were also present. Since there were transitional areas and a lack of definitive electron microscopic evidence favoring a sarcoma in the sarcomatous tumor cells, the pancreatic tumor was considered to represent a "so-called carcinosarcoma".

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1987

[Ultrafiltration and crystalloid cardioplegia during cardiopulmonary bypass without donor blood].

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Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗

PubMed1986

Stimulative effect of glia maturation factor and acetylcholine on active amino acid uptake and Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in nodose ganglia excised from adult rats.

During aerobic incubation at 37 degrees C, active uptake of labeled non-metabolizable alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) into isolated nodose ganglia (NG) excised from adult rats was accelerated to nearly twice that of the control, by the addition of glia maturation factor (GMF, 5 micrograms/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. A similar but moderate stimulative effect on ganglionic AIB uptake was caused by the addition of acetylcholine (ACh, 1 mM) plus eserine (0.1 mM). This effect, however, was not antagonized by nicotinic (hexamethonium, C6, 0.1 mM) or muscarinic (atropine, 0.1 mM) blockers. The GMF-induced amino acid uptake seemed to be inhibited by further addition of ACh. On the other hand, ganglionic Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity was greatly stimulated by either GMF or ACh. These results suggest that the increase in AIB uptake induced by GMF or ACh is possibly linked to Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in NG cell membranes.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1986

Pathological anatomy of ventricular septal defect associated with aortic valve prolapse and regurgitation.

In an attempt to clarify the pathogenetic morphology of aortic regurgitation (AR) due to prolapse of the aortic valve (prolapsing AR) associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 201 specimens from Japanese autopsy series with isolated VSD were examined. Among these hearts, there were 128 cases (64%) of infundibular VSD (IVSD); 29 of them (14%) showed AR due to prolapsed cusp, of which nine cases developed a large aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. Another 32 cases (16%) had varying degrees of prolapse but without AR and were considered to show the prodrome of prolapsing AR. These 61 cases (30%) were examined with special reference to the type of septal alignment, location of the defect, relation of the defect to the aortic valve, and anomalies of the aortic valve and sinus of Valsalva. There were two principal forms in this syndrome: The common form, i.e., simple punched-hole IVSD with normal septal alignment in 82% (50/61) of cases, and a rare form, i.e., malalignment IVSD in 18% (11/61) of cases. The latter included Eisenmenger-type IVSD due to anteriorly deviated outlet septum (10/11 cases) and coarctation-type IVSD due to posteriorly deviated septum (1/11). Both forms had several subtypes according to the location of the defect, i.e., subpulmonic, muscular, perimembranous, and total IVSD. The relevant anatomical findings of the common form of the syndrome were: There was no septal malalignment with a normal aortic valve position. The VSD was a simple muscular defect in any part of the infundibular septum between the pulmonary valve above and the membranous septum below, the majority of cases (80%), however, showed subpulmonic IVSD. The annulus and sinus of Valsalva wall of the right coronary cusp, which is normally supported firmly by this septum, became exposed in the muscle defect and were poorly supported. The majority of cases showed a normally formed aortic valve but with poor support. The muscular defect was relatively large, but the functioning VSD was usually less than moderate in size with a half-moon shape below the denuded sinus of Valsalva wall and annulus. The functioning VSD appeared to become narrower depending on the degree of prolapse into the defect, resulting in a crescent-moon or slit-like shape, and it may close in rare cases. The major anatomical findings of the rare form were: There was mild to moderate dextroposition (or levoposition) of the aortic valve due to a septal malalignment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Detection of the drainage site in anomalous pulmonary venous connection by two-dimensional Doppler color flow-mapping echocardiography.

Ten patients with total and one with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection were studied by two-dimensional Doppler color flow-mapping echocardiography. In cases of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the innominate vein through the vertical vein, flow away from the transducer was detected in the echo space behind the atria in the subxiphoid four-chamber approach. In the suprasternal approach, flow toward the transducer was detected at the junction of the vertical and innominate veins. In the case of an anomalous pulmonary vein connecting directly into the superior vena cava, an area of flow toward the transducer, which was triangular in shape, was detected in the dilated superior vena cava. In the two cases in which the pulmonary vein drained into the coronary sinus, the flow toward the transducer was observed at the ostium of the coronary sinus in the subxiphoid four-chamber view, and it appeared as if the blood flow was emerging from this point. In a case of the paracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with drainage into the posterior wall of the right atrium, the flow toward the transducer occurred higher in the right atrium than in the cases with drainage into the coronary sinus. In a case with the infradiaphragmatic type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, continuous flow toward the transducer, which passed through the diaphragm in an anomalous vessel, was detected from the subxiphoid area. The downward flow in the anomalous vessel changed to an upward flow at the site of drainage into the hepatic vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brachiocephalic Veins↗

PubMed1986

Total thumb reconstruction by an index finger transposition.

A case of total thumb reconstruction after traumatic amputation is described. The reconstruction was carried out as a staged procedure with preliminary application of a pedicle flap, and a normal index finger transposition, followed by opposition transfer using the abductor digiti quinti muscle. Twenty-seven months after the index finger pollicization, the reconstructed thumb had satisfactory function.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in human placenta and cord blood.

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in placenta, maternal blood, cord blood, and milk were carried out. Trichlorobiphenyl, tetrachlorobiphenyl, pentachlorobiphenyls, and hexachlorobiphenyls were identified by the mass chromatogram and the mass spectra. Some minor peaks of PCBs were identified by gas chromatography. The relationship between the PCB concentration in placenta and that in milk is different in each PCB congener. The higher the chlorine content of the PCB congener, the more significant the correlation. No significant but a low negative correlation exists between the concentration of some PCB congeners in the placenta and that in cord blood. On the other hand, a significant linear correlation exists between the concentration of hexachlorobenzene in the placenta and that in cord blood. The transplacental transport of each PCB congener varied depending upon its chemical nature. Trichlorobiphenyl and tetrachlorobiphenyl were more transferable than hexachlorobiphenyls. The results show that the placenta and cord blood are useful human samples to analyze the body burden of environmental pollutants and to estimate their transfer from mother to fetus.

Female↗

PubMed1986

Stimulation of amino acid uptake and Na+,K+-ATPase activity by norepinephrine in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia excised from adult rats.

Active uptake of a labelled nonmetabolizable amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), into isolated superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) excised from adult rats was considerably stimulated by the addition of either norepinephrine (NE, 50 microM) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA, 100 microM) to the medium during aerobic incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C. The NE-induced increase in AIB uptake was significantly antagonized by the addition of an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin, 10 microM) in SCG axotomized 1 week prior to the examination, in which most of the ganglionic neurons had degenerated and reactive proliferation of the satellite glial components was in progress. The addition of neither acetylcholine (ACh, 1 mM) plus eserine (0.1 mM) nor cyclic nucleotides (1 mM) changed the AIB uptake by the SCG. In the axotomized SCG, the NE-evoked increase in AIB uptake was much more pronounced than that of intact or denervated SCG. A kinetic study of the active AIB uptake in the SCG showed that NE produced a decrease of the Km value and an increase in the Vmax, especially in the axotomized SCG. Ganglionic Na+, K+-ATPase activity was greatly stimulated in the presence of NE, but not by ACh. These results strongly suggest that the NE-induced enhancement of active AIB uptake in the isolated SCG is occurring in glial cells rather than in neuronal cells, with a possible alteration of membrane properties for amino acid uptake and with an apparent regulation by the stimulated transport enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1986

Juxtaductal left pulmonary artery obstruction in pulmonary atresia.

The morphology of the central pulmonary artery was studied by selective angiography in 21 previously unoperated patients (aged 11 days-21 years, median 4 years) with pulmonary atresia associated with various types of congenital heart disease. Angiographic findings were confirmed at operation in 10 patients. There was juxtaductal obstruction of the left pulmonary artery in two thirds of the patients with complete atresia in a quarter. Six of seven patients without juxtaductal obstruction had pulmonary valve atresia, but all nine patients with juxtaductal stenosis had truncal atresia. No patient had stenosis of the right pulmonary artery.

Adult↗