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Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Secondary hypoplastic anemia in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

The anemia of patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) was evaluated. Anemia was seen in 32 (91%) of the 35 FAP patients, more often with progression of the disease. The incidence of macrocytic hypochromic anemia was the most common type (40%). In 14 autopsied and 2 biopsied cases, no amyloid deposition was detected in the bone marrow. Thirteen (81%) of the 16 FAP patients showed hypoplastic bone marrow. Bone marrow aspiration of 2 patients revealed a decreased ratio of erythrocytic/myelocytic cells. The plasma levels of vitamin B12 and folate were within normal ranges. Neither oral nor intravenous administration of iron had any effect on the anemia of FAP patients. Intravenous erythropoietin elevated blood hemoglobin levels and blood pressure in 2 patients. Orthostatic hypotension, one of the most common symptoms of FAP, was unexpectedly improved. Secondary hypoplastic anemia is common in FAP, but treatment of anemia in this disease using erythropoietin is promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

In situ morphology of the aorta and common iliac artery in the fetal and neonatal rat.

In situ cross-sectional morphology of the ascending, descending, and abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries was studied after rapid, whole-body freezing of fetal and neonatal rats. In the fetus, the ascending aorta was smaller than the descending aorta and the abdominal aorta was relatively large, continuing to the large right common iliac artery and the umbilical artery. After birth, the umbilical artery and the ductus arteriosus closed rapidly, and the size of the aorta changed within a few days. The ascending aorta became larger than the descending aorta in 2 d, and the abdominal aorta became smaller, especially at the infrarenal part. The right common iliac artery, which continues to the umbilical artery in fetal life, became smaller, and its diameter was the same as that of the left common iliac artery 2 d after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Presenile-onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy presenting as Balint's syndrome and dementia.

We describe a patient with presenile-onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy presenting as Balint's syndrome and dementia. There were demyelinating MRI changes in the parieto-occipital white matter bilaterally, including the splenium of the corpus callosum. Therapeutic trials using 1-deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin, very long-chain fatty acid-free diet, and gamma-globulin were of no benefit.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of age on cognitive potentials using auditory and colored visual stimulation].

Cognitive potential using two-tone auditory discrimination task has been widely used as a standard and useful test to quantify the severity of cognitive dysfunction. According to our experience, however, this method (the T method), sometimes cannot be performed even in normal elderly subjects because of difficult discrimination between these two different tone bursts. In order to overcome this disadvantage, we developed two other methods which had easier discrimination tasks: one using a tone burst and click sound (the C method), and the other using red and green color (the V method). We adopted these three methods to 64 normal adults and aged subjects whose age ranged from 20 to 88 years old. As a result, most of the P3 latency and amplitude in all subjects tested correlated significantly among these three methods. Any peak latency of P3 correlated significantly (p < 0.05) and positively with age, but the rate of increment of latency per year differed. For example, the value recorded from the Cz scalp site was 0.77 ms/year in the T method, 1.05 ms/year in the C method, and 1.67 ms/year in the V method, respectively. The rate of undetected P3 potential in aged subjects more than 60 years old was higher in the T method (3/18 subjects = 17%) than by both the C and V methods (1/19 subjects = 5%). In conclusion, the effect of age on P3 latency varied according to method and our new technique was sufficiently applicable to elderly subjects.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Pulmonary involvement in patients with human T lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy: the presence of specific IgA antibody in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

It has been shown that T lymphocyte alveolitis occurs in patients with human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). To determine whether HTLV-1-specific antibodies were present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, we investigated 15 patients with HAM/TSP, five HTLV-1 carriers without HAM/TSP, and 10 normal control subjects seronegative for HTLV-1. Studies of BAL showed that 12 of 15 patients with HAM/TSP were associated with bronchoalveolar T lymphocytosis. Such abnormalities of the lung were not found in three other patients with HAM/TSP, non-HAM/TSP carriers, and normal control subjects. Using Western blots, specific IgA antibodies were detected only in BAL fluid from 12 patients with HAM/TSP and with pulmonary involvement. On the other hand, specific IgG antibodies in BAL fluid were positive not only in 12 patients with HAM/TSP and with pulmonary involvement, but also in two of three patients with HAM/TSP and three of five non-HAM/TSP carriers, both of whom showed normal BAL findings. Specific IgM class antibodies in BAL fluid were not detected in any subjects in these three groups. Specific IgA antibodies were found in the sera of 12 patients with HAM/TSP and with BAL lymphocytosis, but not in three patients with HAM/TSP and without BAL lymphocytosis, and five non-HAM/TSP carriers. These results suggest that the production of HTLV-1-specific IgA antibodies is closely related to pulmonary involvement in patients with HAM/TSP.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Recognition and categorization of butterfly patterns].

Two experiments are reported which deal with the nature of categorization of visual patterns. Stimulus materials were schematic butterfly patterns. Systematic transformations of five physical features (fore wing, hind wing, size, body length and color) were applied to a prototype to generate a set of instances. In Experiment 1, subjects were asked to judge the visual similarity between each instance and the prototype. Similarity ratings were found to be related to an each instance's transformational distance from the prototype. In Experiment 2, subjects were exposed to a subset of instances of the pattern which varied in their transformational distance from the prototype, and then given a recognition test with confidence ratings. The recognition item consisted of the old and new instances including the prototype. Recognition ratings were found to be related to each instance's family resemblance score rather than its transformational distance and subjective similarity to the prototype. These results support Rosch and Mervis's family resemblance model of categorization.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Subtypes of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in urinary bladder and urethral smooth muscle and prostatic adenoma].

Two alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha 1A and alpha 1B) have been distinguished by competitive antagonists and alkylating agent chloroethylclonidine (CEC). The CEC-insensitive subtype (alpha 1A) had been suggested to selectively activate Ca2+ influx through Ca-channels in smooth muscle cell membrane. We examined the effects of WBC4101, CEC and verapamil on contractile responses to phenylephrine in rabbit aorta, urinary bladder and urethral smooth muscle and in human prostatic adenoma to examine the alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in these tissue. Pretreatment with WB4101 caused a large shift to the right for phenylephrine-induced dose response curves and verapamil decreased the phenylephrine-induced contractions of rabbit aorta, urinary bladder and urethral smooth muscles and human prostatic adenomas. CEC inhibited only phenylephrine induced contractions of human prostatic adenomas. The pA2 value for WB4101 was significantly lower in human prostate than in rabbit aorta, urinary bladder and urethra. These results suggest that functional alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes involve alpha 1A and alpha 1B in human prostatic adenoma, while only alpha 1A in rabbit aorta, urinary bladder and urethral smooth muscles.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of endothelin-1 on the smooth muscle contractility of human urinary bladder, spermatic cord and prostatic adenoma].

Effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the smooth muscle contractility of human detrusor, spermatic cord and hypertrophied prostatic adenoma were examined in muscle bath studies. ET-1 increased the contractile forces of all above smooth muscle strips in concentration dependent manner. The contractile force induced by 10(-6) M ET-1 was approximately 30% of that induced by 3 x 10(-5) M carbachol in detrusor muscle strips, approximately 40% of that induced by 10(-4) M norepinephrine in spermatic cord muscle strips and almost equal to that induced by 10(-5) M phenylephrine in prostatic adenoma muscle strips. The contractions induced by ET-1 in those muscle strips were not inhibited by any of tetrodoxine, atropine, phentolamine, propranolol and indomethacine. These results suggest that ET-1 may act as a constrictor on lower urinary tract and genital smooth muscles and especially on prostatic adenoma and that ET-1 may affect those smooth muscles directly not through autonomic receptors or prostaglandins.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Methodology of toxicity evaluation to establish the drinking water quality standards].

Revision of Japanese "Drinking Water Quality Standards" in water supply was proposed in December, 1992. The strategy for settings of standard values was basically according to that of "WHO Drinking Water Quality Guideline". In this communication, the principal procedure for setting of WHO guideline values based on the data of animal toxicity studies is described, especially with regard to how to evaluate the toxicity data and use the uncertainty factors for extrapolation to humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Pathogenesis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis].

Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP) is the most prevalent type of HP in Japan, and the major causative agent of the disease is T. cutaneum. The major antigenic substance of the yeast is serotype-related polysaccharide. Home environmental factors indicate that SHP is a sick house syndrome. Immunologically, both humoral and cellular hypersensitivities are involved in the induction of the disease. The levels of specific IgG and IgA antibodies and complements in BAL fluids from SHP patients are well correlated to the clinical course. On the other hand, BAL lymphocytes in SHP patients are mostly T lymphocytes, mainly due to an increase in CD8+ subpopulations of lymphocytes; this leads to a decrease in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+. These T cells belong to CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes and LFA-11 alpha high+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes as assessed by their cell surface phenotypes. However, functions of these BAL T lymphocytes remain undefined. Host factors such as HLA-DQw3 and cigarette smoking may participate in the development of the disease. In conclusion, the pathogenesis of SHP is considered to be a combination of immune complex disease and cellular hypersensitivity to T. cutaneum.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

[Surgical results in atherosclerotic distal aortic arch aneurysm].

Results of surgical treatment of atherosclerotic aneurysm of the distal aortic arch, reported to date, are not satisfactory. We recently analyzed the surgical results in 119 patients with this condition who were treated at our department. There were 104 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 38 to 81 years (mean: 66 years). The arch was reconstructed by total replacement in 29 cases, partial replacement in 49 cases, patch reconstruction in 34 cases and extra-anatomic bypass in 7 cases. The lesion was approached by median sternotomy in 75 cases, median sternotomy+left thoracotomy in 9 cases and left thoracotomy in 35 cases. In cases where median sternotomy was used, selective cerebral perfusion was generally employed as an auxiliary procedure. After surgery, cerebral complications were observed in 19 cases (16.0%). In 15 of these 19 cases, postoperative cerebral damage was attributed to atheromatous emboli. Twenty-six patients (21.8%) died in the hospital. Major causes of death included respiratory insufficiency, multiple organ failure and low cardiac output syndrome. To improve surgical results for this type of aneurysm, the operative procedure needs to be modified so that these postoperative complications are prevented. Especially it is essential to prevent intraoperative embolisms of brain and coronary arteries, and a reconstruction by total arch replacement with median sternotomy has improved recent surgical results.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of constrictive pericarditis following graft replacement of the descending aorta under left ventricular bypass using a centrifugal pump].

We experienced a case of constrictive pericarditis following replacement of the descending aorta. It has been pointed out that constrictive pericarditis can be developed following LV bypass using centrifugal pump due to the cardiotomy. But no actual case has reported so far. The case was a 61-year-old man for whom graft replacement of the descending aorta through left thoracotomy was performed. Fever and heart failure was elicited 3 weeks after the operation, and he was diagnosed as constrictive pericarditis by chest CT and echocardiography. The reoperation was performed 39 days after the graft replacement. Anterior wall of the both ventricle and postero-lateral wall of the left ventricle were strongly adhered to the pericardium. The adhesion was entirely dissected and the thickened pericardium was resected. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged 42 days after the reoperation.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1993

[A report of two cases of coronary bypass surgery after renal transplantation].

Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in two patients who had had renal transplantation. They had been taking immunosuppressive therapy. There were some problems in the management of these patients including prevention of postoperative infection, renal damage due to cyclosporin, and rejection of the transplanted kidney. Immunosuppressive therapy was continued under the meticulous monitoring of blood cyclosporin levels, blood T-cell subsets, markers of infection such as antiviral titers. The anticipated problems were not encountered in both cases. This is the first report in Japan which describes successful coronary artery bypass surgery for kidney transplant recipients.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1993

[Peripheral polyneuropathy due to sarcoidosis in a patient with intrathoracic, ocular and skin lesions].

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology presenting most frequently with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), pulmonary infiltration, and ocular and skin lesions. Neurological manifestations are found in about 5% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with neurosarcoidosis manifesting as isolated, peripheral polyneuropathy. This is a rare neurological manifestation. Two years before admission, she was found to have an abnormal chest radiograph showing BHL, and pulmonary sarcoidosis was diagnosed by lung biopsy. Six months later, she noted facial erythematous lesions, and lupus pernio was confirmed by skin biopsy. Fifteen months before admission, she developed visual disturbance of the right eye caused by sarcoid-uveitis. Two months before admission, she complained of paresthesia and weakness of limbs. She was admitted for nerve-biopsy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed sarcoid granulomas in the epineurial space, periangitis and axonal degeneration. Neurologically, the diagnosis of mononeuritis multiplex without cranial nerve palsy was made. Treatment with 30 mg prednisolone daily was initiated, and neurological and extraneurological improvement was noticeable within two weeks of treatment. The dose was carefully lowered over several months.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Reconstruction for brachial injury by the accessory nerve--anatomy of the accessory nerve and its innervation of the trapezius--Japan].

At present reconstruction of not only elbow function, but also wrist and fingers function is possible for totally paralysed root avulsion type of brachial plexus injuries by means of multiple nerve transfers and free muscle transplantation. Although denervation of the trapezius muscle may be a problem, the accessory nerve is used as the donor nerve for reconstruction. Forty-seven cadaver dissections were performed to determine the innervation of the trapezius. In 98% of the regions, branches of the accessory nerve or the cervical nerves were found to be directly innervated with the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck without anastomosis. This study came to the conclusion that it was possible to use the accessory nerve as the donor nerve without paralysis of the upper part of the trapezius, if the accessory nerve was used at an adequate point. Since the course of the accessory nerve is similar to one of the cervical nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck, it is difficult to distinguish them. The layer of the course and the great auricular nerve at the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid are reference points of the accessory nerve and the cervical nerves.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1993

[The immunology of mycobacterial diseases].

Protection and pathogenesis of tuberculosis greatly depend on specific T lymphocytes. Recent evidence suggests the existence of at least two pathways of acquired specific resistance to M. tuberculosis infection: The first consists of cytokine-mediated activation of infected host cells by protective CD4+ T cells, which are currently believed to mediate antimicrobial activity via the release of macrophages activating cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The second involves the lysis of these infected cells by cytotoxic effector CD4+ T cells, which is class II MHC restricted, requires cell-to-cell contact mediated by the ICAM-1 and LFA-1 ligand pair, and appears to be independent of lymphotoxins and through the direct cell interaction by adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 and ICAM-1 but not cytokines. On the other hands, gamma delta T cells might be part of the primary response to infection with live M. tuberculosis. gamma delta T cells have the potential to express cytotoxicity for mononuclear phagocytes pulsed with mycobacterial antigens, and are capable of secreting a variety of cytokines, including IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Intracellular killing mechanisms by activated macrophages are still unknown. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on the role of NO as a mediator of a number of physiological reaction. Activated macrophages appear to exhibit some antimicrobial actions as well as antitumor effects via generation of NO, which depends on the L-arginine oxidation pathway. However, it is still unknown whether or not human macrophages generate NO radicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Regression of pulmonary and multiple skeletal metastases from renal cell carcinoma by nephrectomy and alpha-interferon therapy: a case report.

We report a rare case of advanced renal cell carcinoma in a patient who showed complete resolution of metastases to the lung and bones after nephrectomy, partial jejunectomy and subsequent alpha-interferon therapy. The patient was a 54-year-old man whose right lung and left femur metastases were detected before nephrectomy. In the seventh week after nephrectomy, a partial jejunectomy was carried out because of the obstructive ileus caused by intraluminal multiple metastases of the jejunum. A pathological fracture of the metastasized right humerus occurred subsequently. After four months of intramuscular alpha-interferon administration (3 x 10(6) units/day), however, x-rays revealed the complete disappearance of the metastatic lung shadow and a solid union of the humerus, and there were no tumor cells in the femur specimen resected at the subsequent reconstruction surgery of the left leg. Seven years have passed from onset, and the patient is still alive and disease free.

Bone Neoplasms↗