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Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Acute interstitial pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings correlated with pathology.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between pathologic phases and high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in patients with acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective review found 14 patients with AIP who were included in this study. Three patients were pathologically diagnosed as having AIP by open lung biopsy, and the other 11 patients were confirmed at autopsy. In eight of the 11 autopsy patients, the postmortem lungs were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method, and a postmortem HRCT scan was obtained on all 11 autopsy patients. Paying special attention to the disease stage, we selected 27 areas of the lung from antemortem or postmortem HRCT and correlated them with pathologic findings. RESULTS: Nine areas of the lung that showed increased attenuation without traction bronchiectasis were associated with either the exudative (n = 5) or early proliferative (n = 4) phase of AIP. Eleven areas of increased attenuation with traction bronchiectasis were associated with either the proliferative (n = 4) or fibrotic (n = 7) phase of AIP. Honey-combing, observed in one area of the lung, corresponded to restructuring of distal airspaces and dense interstitial fibrosis. Six spared areas, within or adjacent to areas of increased attenuation, showed pathologic findings of the exudative phase. CONCLUSION: HRCT findings were not specific for the pathologic findings in our patients with AIP. Nevertheless, the findings of traction bronchiectasis in areas of increased attenuation suggested the proliferative or fibrotic phase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Single-photon emission CT findings in acute Japanese encephalitis.

PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of single-photon emission CT (SPECT) in the diagnosis of acute Japanese encephalitis (JE). METHODS: We examined 10 patients (six men and four women; mean age, 69 years) with viral encephalitis. We divided the cases into two groups: the JE group (n = 4) and the non-JE group (n = 6; two with herpes simplex encephalitis and four with encephalitis of unknown origin). All cases were investigated with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT within 15 days after the onset of symptoms. Two patients in the JE group were also examinated by SPECT at a later stage. In all cases MR imaging was performed after the SPECT study. RESULTS: In the acute stage, all patients in the JE group showed a marked increase of HMPAO uptake that matched the hyperintense area observed on MR images in the thalami and putamina bilaterally. Follow-up SPECT studies of two patients with JE revealed a decrease of HMPAO deposition in the areas of high uptake. None of the patients in the non-JE group had an increased accumulation of HMPAO in the thalami or the putamina. CONCLUSIONS: SPECT is helpful in differentiating JE from herpes simplex encephalitis and other types of encephalitis. SPECT may be useful as a diagnostic tool in the early stages of JE.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Altered accessory cell function of alveolar macrophages: a possible mechanism for induction of Th2 secretory profile in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recent studies have revealed a predominance of the type-2 T-helper (Th2) cytokine pattern of inflammatory response in the pulmonary interstitium in IPF. The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not the altered accessory cell function of AMs could account for the Th2 pattern of chronic inflammation in IPF. The levels of various cytokines were measured in the supernatants of soluble anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-stimulated T-cells, co-cultured with autologous AMs, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells from six patients with IPF and from nine normal volunteers (five nonsmokers and four smokers) were examined. The inhibitory effect of interleukin (IL)-10 on the accessory cell function of AMs and the expression of CD80 and CD86 on AMs were also investigated. IL-4 and IL-5 levels were significantly higher in the co-cultures from patients with IPF than in those from normal volunteers. IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10 production in these co-cultures did not differ. IL-10 suppressed T-cell proliferation in co-cultures with AMs from healthy volunteers (smokers and nonsmokers), but not with AMs from patients with IPF. Expression of CD80 and CD86 on AMs from these groups did not differ. Thus, the altered accessory cell function of alveolar macrophages from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may possibly relate to the pattern of type-2 T-helper cytokine production in response to inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Incidence and clinical features of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia].

We studied the incidence of lung cancer in the 599 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) who had visited to 37 institutions during 1991. In addition to 89 patients with lung cancer registered initially 29 were found during more than 4 years of follow-up, which indicates that annual incidence of lung cancer in these patients with IIP was a few percent. A total of 118 lung cancers accounted for 19.7% of all the IIP patients registered and also for 27.2% of the 435 IIP patients in whom a definite outcome was certified by this study. Most of the patients with lung cancer were older men who were heavy smokers. The distribution of histological types was not noteworthy. On the chest rentgenogrms, the tumors were found predominantly in the peripheral lung fields even in the patients with squamous cell cancer, but no apparent association with IIP lesion was observed. Surgical resection was done in only 52% of the patients with the disease at stage I or II; chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were given to 52.4% of the patients with advanced disease, which may have been due to considerations of the adverse effects of anticancer treatment on the prognoses. The mortality in IIP patients with lung cancer was higher than in those without lung cancer, mainly due to progression of the lung cancer, not the IIP. This indicates the importance of lung cancer as a prognostic factor in patients with IIP.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[A clinical study of retrograde cerebral perfusion in long duration].

The safety limit of retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) in aortic arch reconstruction was evaluated in comparison with long (> or = 60 min: group A = 28 cases) and short (< 60 min: group B = 88 cases) RCP time (RCPT). RCPT was 60-94 min in group A and 24-59 min in group B. Hospital mortality was 7.1% and 6.8% in group A and B, respectively. There was no case who was died due to cerebral insufficiency. Postoperative neurological complication was observed 3 in group A and 3 in group B. There was no significance between 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the time to awake, ICU stay, electroencephalogram, and cognitive functions between 2 groups. Based on these results, the safety limit of RCP is over than 60 min and, maybe, about 90 min. We monitored the increase of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) during RCP using a near infrared spectroscopy (n = 55). Since HbR increased gradually during RCP, HbR reflects oxygen metabolism non-invasively in the brain. HbR can be one of useful indexes of the brain protection during RCP.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Endemic fluorosis in southern China: radiological findings].

Fluorosis continues to be prevalent in the southern regions of China. The endemic fluorosis caused by inhalation of fluoride-containing coal dust etiologically contrasts with the common occurrence of endemic fluorosis due to the intake of fluoride-containing water. We investigated the radiologic findings in 49 affected individuals in a district of this region. More than 80% of patients exhibited radiologic evidence of skeletal fluorosis, and most patients belonged to stage 3 of Singh and Jolly's classification. The most common skeletal abnormality was ossification of the interosseous ligaments in the extremities, which warranted radiographic examination of the limbs as a tool for screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia associated with a high level of CA19-9 in serum and with CA19-9 in lung tissue].

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of mild dyspnea. A chest roentgenogram showed diffuse reticulonodular shadows in both lung fields. The concentration of CA19-9 in serum was high. Pancreatic cancer and other diseases were considered as causes, but no definitive diagnosis could be made. An open-lung biopsy was done, and examination of a specimen resulted in the diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (chronic type). Immunohistochemical staining with anti-CA19-9 antibody was positive. The lumens of microscopic honeycomb structures and fibrotic areas were covered with flattened and cuboidal metaplastic epithelial cells, which stained positively for anti-CA19-9 antibody.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Mechanisms accounting for granulomatous responses in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Hypersensitivity granuloma formation is an immunopathological feature of HP. It is induced by the T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to organic dusts or active chemicals invading the lung. Circulating, antigen-reactive, memory CD4+ T cells, generated by previous sensitization, migrate into lung parenchyma in response to chemokines such as RANTES. The T cells develop into either Th0, Th1, or Th2 effector depending upon the conditions in which they first encounter the antigens. The Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma can prime macrophages to transcribe and to secrete greater amounts of TNF and IL-1. The macrophages activated by TNF and IL-1 produce a wide range of biologically active mediators such as MAF, MCF, and MIF. These monokines attract young macrophages into the lesions, activate them, and young macrophages develop into mature macrophages, resulting in the hypersensitivity granuloma consisting of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. CD8+ T cells, the most predominant cell in the lesions of HP, may modulate the granuloma formation via the production of Th1-like or Th2-like cytokines.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Modified "elephant trunk" procedure obliterating the false lumen in aortic dissection.

We describe a new application of the "elephant trunk" procedure for repairing aortic dissection. The false lumen of the distal aorta is obliterated between an external sheath of Teflon felt and an internal Dacron graft used as the "elephant trunk". This simple technique makes possible secure anastomosis with the distal friable tissue, and prevents suture hole leaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Irreducible isolated dislocation of the radial head.

Isolated dislocation of the radial head in adults is a rare injury. A 20-year-old man received a direct blow to his elbow and sustained an isolated anterior dislocation of the radial head. Open reduction was required because soft tissue interposition prevented reduction by closed manipulation. At operation the annular ligament was found to be ruptured and interposed between the articular surfaces, preventing reduction. A satisfactory result was obtained 1 year after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in orthopedic infections and drug levels in the bone tissue].

We evaluated the clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS--a carbapenem antibiotic) against orthopedic infections, and the drug levels of the bone tissues were determined. The clinical efficacies for 6 patients in the infection group were good in 3 cases, and fair in the other 3; giving an efficacy rate of 50%. Bacteriologically, 8 strains were isolated from patients with the infection and an eradication rate of 87.5% was obtained upon the treatment. In 39 patients that were given the drug prophylactically, no postoperative infections occurred. Mean IPM levels in the bone and the bone marrow at 1 hour after administration in 5 patients of the prophylactic group were 17.3 micrograms/ml and 5.9 micrograms/g, respectively. The ratio of concentrations the bone to those in the bone marrow was 34.6%. The results of this study suggest that IMP/CS reaches to the bone tissue providing sufficient concentrations and that the drug is efficacious for the prophylaxis and the treatment of orthopedic infections.

Adolescent↗