Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Renal fossa recurrence of a renal cell carcinoma 13 years after nephrectomy: a case report.

Between 1980 and 1995, we performed a nephrectomy with curative intent on 183 patients with renal cell carcinoma at Nagoya University Hospital. Among these patients, 5 (2.7%) developed renal fossa recurrence (median follow-up, 65 months). We report a case of such a recurrence found 13 years after a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (stage pT3a, pN0, M0). A 62-year-old female presented with a nodule on her back. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the right back and retroperitoneum, and a biopsy revealed the tumor to be a renal cell carcinoma. Complete resection was performed, followed by administration of alpha-interferon. The patient is doing well 16 months after the operation. The case illustrates that very long-term follow-up after a nephrectomy is mandatory for patients with perinephric invasion of a renal cell carcinoma due to the risk of renal fossa recurrence.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

Tachykinin antagonist FK224 inhibits neurokinin A-, substance P- and capsaicin-induced human bronchial contraction.

To determine the roles of endogenously released tachykinins (substance P [SP] and neurokinin A [NKA]) in the human bronchial tissues, we studied the effects of tachykinin antagonist FK224 on bronchial smooth muscle contraction induced by SP, NKA and capsaicin in an organ bath. FK224 (10(-6) M and 10(-5) M, respectively) significantly inhibited NKA-induced contraction and 10(-5) M FK224 shifted the dose-response curve to more than one log unit higher concentration. Because SP- and capsaicin-induced contractions were small, we pretreated the tissues with the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor phosphoramidon (10(-5) M), which inhibits degradation of exogenous tachykinins in order to potentiate the contractions. FK224 (10(-5) M) significantly inhibited SP-induced contraction and it shifted the dose-response curves to about one log unit higher concentration. FK224 (10(-5) M) also significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced contraction and it shifted the dose-response curves to more than one log unit higher concentration. In contrast, FK224 (10(-5) M) did not affect on acetylcholine-, histamine-, and leukotriene D4-induced contraction. These results suggest that FK224 is a tachykinin receptor antagonist in the human bronchial smooth muscle, and that capsaicin-induced contraction is due to endogenously released tachykinin-like substances in the human bronchus.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1997

Effects of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in a neutropenic murine model of trichosporonosis.

We produced disseminated trichosporonosis in a neutropenic murine model with Trichosporon asahii, which was identified by DNA relatedness analysis. We then assessed the efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (30 to 100 microg/kg of body weight per day) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (0.8 to 2 microg/kg x day). The administration of G-CSF either before or after infection improved the survival rate from less than 25% up to 100% (P < 0.05). The effects of G-CSF on organ clearance and histological examinations were most remarkable in the lungs. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of neutropenic and G-CSF-pretreated mice were 60 +/- 6 ng/ml and 18 +/- 6 pg/ml, respectively, at 24 h after infection. Immunohistologically, alveolar macrophages proved to be the main source of TNF-alpha in BALF. GM-CSF increased neutrophil counts less significantly than did G-CSF and increased the lethality (P < 0.05) with a high level of TNF-alpha in BALF. Expecting to inhibit TNF-alpha, we administered anti-TNF-alpha intraperitoneally at the dose completely inhibiting TNF-alpha in plasma (2 x 10(4) U), but the TNF-alpha level in BALF and the lethality increased. Though the number of neutrophils at the early stage of infection appeared to be the most critical, the results suggest that other host defense mechanisms, such as TNF-alpha overproduction in the lungs, have an important role in the prognosis of trichosporonosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ocular manifestations of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I: long-term follow up.

AIMS: To obtain precise information on ocular manifestations of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) type I, the incidence of five main ocular manifestations--abnormal conjunctival vessels (ACV), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), pupillary abnormality, vitreous opacity, and glaucoma, were compared through long term follow up. METHODS: Ocular examinations were performed in 37 FAP type I patients (Met30) from once to 12 times over a period of 1 to 12 years and 7 months. RESULTS: The following incidences were observed on initial examination of each patient with FAP: ACV in 75.5%, pupillary abnormalities in 43.2%, KCS in 40.5%, glaucoma in 5.4%, and vitreous opacity in 5.4%. All ocular manifestations increased with the progression of FAP, and the incidence of ACV reached 100% during follow up: this may be helpful in the diagnosis of FAP. CONCLUSION: Since no precise statistical ocular study on FAP with long term follow up has been performed, this report may provide important information to help elucidate the mechanism of the amyloid distributing process in the amyloid targeted organs of FAP and to provide the natural course of ocular manifestations of FAP.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Esophageal stimulation by hydrochloric acid causes neurogenic inflammation in the airways in guinea pigs.

To investigate whether tachykinins are released in the airways in response to stimulation of the esophagus, we studied the airway plasma extravasation induced by intraesophageal HCl in the presence or absence of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor phosphoramidon and NK1-receptor antagonist FK-888 in anesthetized guinea pigs. The airway plasma leakage was evaluated by measuring extravasated Evans blue dye in the animals pretreated with propranolol and atropine. Infusion of 1 N HCl into the esophagus significantly increased plasma extravasation in the trachea. Phosphoramidon significantly potentiated plasma extravasation in the trachea and main bronchi, whereas FK-888 significantly inhibited that extravasation in a dose-related manner. In the capsaicin-treated animals, airway plasma extravasation was completely inhibited even in the presence of phosphoramidon. Tracheal plasma extravasation potentiated by phosphoramidon was significantly inhibited in the bilateral vagotomized animals. These results suggest that 1) tachykinin-like substances are released to cause plasma extravasation in the airways as a result of intraesophageal HCl stimulation and 2) there are neural pathways communicating between the esophagus and airways, including the vagus nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evidence that allergen-induced contraction of guinea pig bronchi is mediated in part by the release of tachykinins.

To study the role of tachykinins in allergic responses in the airways of guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA), we examined the bronchial contractile response to allergen in the presence or absence of the tachykinin antagonist FK224 in vitro. Because neutral endopeptidase (NEP) effectively cleaves tachykinins, we incubated bronchial tissues with the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon (10(-5) M) to maintain the activity of endogenously released tachykinins. Then we added 10(-5)% (10 microns/ml) OVA in the presence or absence of FK224 (10(-5) M). FK224 significantly inhibited OVA-induced contraction plateaued and began to relax, we added 10(-5) M phosphoramidon. In the tissue without FK224, phosphoramidon blocked the relaxation and enhanced the contraction. In contrast, in the tissues treated with FK224, phosphoramidon did not enhance the OVA-induced contraction. The enhancement of the contraction induced by phosphoramidon was not inhibited by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that (1) allergic response causes release of tachykinin-like substances to induce bronchial contraction in part, (2) these responses are blocked by tachykinin antagonist FK224 and (3) nerve conduction is not necessary for the release of tachykinin-like substances induced by allergic response in the guinea pig bronchus.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Dermatophagoides farinae-1-derived peptides and HLA molecules recognized by T cells from atopic individuals.

Der f 1, the group I allergen in Dermatophagoides farinae extracts, is a major source of inhalation allergens in Japan. Using the mixture of a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides that spread over the entire Der f 1 molecule, we found that polyclonal Der f 1-specific short-term T cell lines prepared from peripheral blood of 6 individuals allergic to Der f who carry most of the common HLA haplotypes seen in the Japanese population can respond to 16 different peptides. Eight of 16 peptides stimulated T cells of more than 2 donors, regardless of the HLA types. Proliferative responses of four T cell lines were markedly inhibited by mAb HU4 (anti-HLA-DRB1+B5), one was inhibited partially by HU11 (anti-HLA-DQ4+5+6), and one was inhibited fully by a combination of HU4, L243 (anti-HLA-DRB1+B4) and PLM16 (anti-HLA-DRB3) but only partially by each of these mAbs. One of these T cell lines, DT, of which the proliferative response was partially inhibited by HU11, was cloned. Indeed, the T cell clones were restricted by DQ6 molecules on an HLA-DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype. These results indicate that patients' T cells recognize Der f 1 in association mainly with HLA-DRA/DRB1, but that DQAI/DQB1, DRA/DRB3 and possibly DRA/DRB4 gene products also function as antigen-presenting molecules. Thus, although some peptides have a more potent T cell-stimulatory activity than others, the T cell receptor ligands formed with the Der f 1 molecule are highly heterogeneous.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Expression of apoptosis-related antigen on eosinophils in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.

We examined the expression of apoptosis-related antigens Fas and bcl-2 on eosinophils from peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP). The expression of those antigens was assessed before and after culture with or without eosinophil chemotactic factors derived from an established T-cell line (STO-2-derived ECFs; ECF-PI5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and interleukin 5 (IL-5). We found that the expression of these antigens on eosinophils from PB increased after 24 h culture without any stimulation. In contrast, little or no change was observed even after 24 h culture in eosinophils from BAL. All STO2-derived ECFs and IL-5 suppressed Fas expression on eosinophils from PB. Furthermore, we found that eosinophils which were attracted by ECF-PI9 expressed Fas and bcl-2 more highly than those attracted by other ECFs and IL-5. Such a heterogeneous response of eosinophils to respective ECFs suggests the possibility of a heterogeneous population of eosinophils in patients with CEP.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Relative ability of laser fluorescence techniques to quantitate early mineral loss in vitro.

This in vitro investigation was undertaken to explore two different nondestructive methods to detect very early demineralization. These methods were based on the premise that the clinical detection of caries at a very early stage of formation might permit more efficient reversal of the caries process than may occur when lesions are detected at a more advanced stage, such as a so-called 'white spot'. The methods evaluated in this study were quantitative laser fluorescence (QLF) and an experimental dye-enhanced laser fluorescence (DELF) technique. Prepared and polished bovine enamel specimens were demineralized in a conventional lactic acid-Carbopol solution for varying periods of time between 0 and 24 h with an area of sound enamel retained on each specimen. The coded and randomized specimens were then analyzed for the presence and severity of enamel demineralization using QLF after which they were exposed to a selected dye (Pyrromethene 556) and similarly examined using DELF. The specimens were then sectioned and examined by conventional transverse microradiography and by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Results were analyzed statistically with sensitivity and specificity determined using sound enamel as the reference. The results indicated that QLF could detect demineralization which occurred as a result of 8 h exposure to the decalcification solution and was able to quantify changes in lesion severity associated with longer demineralization. While DELF was capable of detecting enamel demineralization after only 2 h exposure to the decalcification solution, it was unable to quantify increasing amounts of demineralization associated with longer periods of exposure to the decalcification solution. In summary, while DELF was able to detect very early demineralization, only QLF was capable of detecting and quantifying changes in the extent of the decalcification occurring with demineralization periods up to 24 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy.

To investigate the role of autonomic regulation on airway reactivity, we performed bronchial inhalation tests of methacholine (MCh) and histamine (Hist) in Japanese patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and autonomic neuropathy. First we examined the FEV1 and Raw in seven patients with FAP and in six normal subjects, then we administered aerosols of increasing concentrations of MCh (0.075 to 25 mg/ml) at about 5-min intervals via a nebulizer controlled by a dosimeter. We measured the FEV1 until either the concentration of MCh producing a 20% reduction from the basal value (PD20) or the maximal concentration was reached. Five of the seven patients with FAP showed bronchial hyperreactivity to MCh, and PD20 to MCh was significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (p < 0.01). Furthermore the PD20 tended to correlate inversely with the severity of autonomic neuropathy (p = 0.052). The bronchial hyperreactivity to MCh was completely blocked by pretreatment inhalation of ipratropium bromide, suggesting the muscarinic receptor-mediated mechanism. Of these five patients with hyperreactivity to MCh, three with low PD20 to MCh (< 50 units) did not respond to Hist, but two with high PD20 (> 50 units) to MCh did, suggesting different mechanisms of hyperreactivity to MCh and Hist in FAP. The PD20 to Hist significantly correlated inversely to the PD20 to MCh (p < 0.05). Histochemical examination revealed marked amyloid deposition in the vagus nerves and tracheal wall in an autopsied patient with FAP and severe autonomic symptoms. These data suggest that patients with FAP and advanced autonomic neuropathy have bronchial hyperreactivity to MCh and/or Hist, probably because of denervation supersensitivity resulting from amyloid deposition in the peripheral autonomic nerves of the airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

In vitro studies of laser fluorescence for detection and quantification of mineral loss from dental caries.

Laser fluorescence (LF) is thought to be a quantitative technique for the measurement of mineral loss from dental caries. These studies aimed to demonstrate the quantitative nature of LF, by means of transverse microradiography (TMR), in addition to the possible use of LF on small specimens suitable for in situ studies. Studies also aimed to determine the ability of LF to detect caries adjacent to amalgam restorations. The results demonstrated reasonable correlation between both the histological depth and mineral loss measured by TMR compared with the % change in mean fluorescence radiance measured by LF (r = 0.70 and 0.83, respectively). Studies with small specimens demonstrated that in vitro remineralization could be observed with LF for comparison of the demineralized specimen with an undemineralized reference. ANOVA showed significant mineral gain (p < 0.0001). The detection and quantification of mineral loss adjacent to amalgam restorations may have potential for the management of recurrent caries. Studies have demonstrated that LF can detect such mineral loss, and, with refinement of the image analysis system, LF was capable of detecting remineralization. Remineralization of such lesions is controversial, but it is suggested that LF may have a role in secondary caries management.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

The rat ovarian phospholipase A2 system: gene expression, cellular localization, activity characterization, and interleukin-1 dependence.

We have previously demonstrated that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), a putative intermediary in the ovulatory process, is a potent stimulator of ovarian PG biosynthesis. In this communication, we examine the possibility that this IL-1 effect reflects in part the induction of arachidonic acid mobilization by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Molecular probing of whole ovarian material revealed the immature rat ovary to be a site of modest secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) gene expression. However, no change in ovarian sPLA2 gene expression was noted during the periovulatory period. Comparable probing for cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) failed to disclose a quantifiable signal. However, in situ hybridization localized both sPLA2 and cPLA2 (sPLA2 > cPLA2) transcripts to the granulosa cell layer of the ovarian follicle. Treatment of cultured whole ovarian dispersates with IL-1 beta produced significant (P < 0.01) increments in the steady state levels of transcripts corresponding to both sPLA2 (1.7-fold increase) and cPLA2 (5-fold increase), an effect reversed by an IL-1 receptor antagonist, suggesting mediation via a specific IL-1 receptor. Treatment with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, resulted in significant attenuation of the ability of IL-1 beta to up-regulate sPLA2 and cPLA2 gene expression as well as medium PLA2 activity. Treatment with aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, led to augmentation of the ability of IL-1 beta to up-regulate sPLA2 and cPLA2 gene expression as well as medium PLA2 activity. Total cellular PLA2 activity proved time, cell density, and calcium dependent, with an optimal pH of 8.0-9.0 and K(m) values in the low micromolar range (2-5 microM). Our observations 1) establish the rat ovary as a site of sPLA2 and cPLA2 gene expression, 2) localize the corresponding transcripts to the granulosa cell layer, and 3) establish IL-1 beta as an up-regulatory agent for ovarian sPLA2 and cPLA2 gene expression as well as for ovarian PLA2 activity. These findings also indicate that the IL-1 effect is 1) receptor mediated, 2) contingent in part upon de novo protein biosynthesis, and 3) inhibited by nitric oxide. These observations support the proposition that PLA2 may be a key component in the IL-1-stimulated biosynthesis of ovarian PGs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Interleukin-1 beta stimulates ovarian phosphoipase A2 (PLA2) expression and activity: up-regulation of both secretory and cytosolic PLA2.

Interleukin (IL)-1 beta has been shown to stimulate ovarian prostaglandin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that this effect entails the induction of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Treatment of cultured whole ovarian dispersates of immature rat origin with IL-1 beta produced significant increases in [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) release and [3H]prostanoid accumulation as well as increases in cellular PLA2 activity and in secretory PLA2 and cytosolic PLA2 transcripts. Cotreatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist reversed IL-mediated (and basal) release of [3H]labeled AA and prostaglandin products, as well as cellular PLA2 activity. Treatment with IL-1 beta also promoted a significant decrease in the cellular content of [3H]phospholipids (apparently phosphatidylethanolamine but not phosphatidylcholine). These observations establish the ovary as a site of IL-1-dependent sPLA2 and cPLA2 gene expression, document the presence of a possible phosphatidylethanolamine-dependent PLA2 activity in cultured whole ovarian dispersates, reveal the up-regulatory, receptor-mediated action of IL-1 beta in this regard and suggest the existence of endogenous PLA2-stimulating/ IL-1-like bioactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Dynamic intravenous coronary arteriography using synchrotron radiation and its application to the measurement of coronary blood flow.

We have developed dynamic intravenous coronary arteriography (IVCAG) using a monochromatic (33.3 keV), 2-dimensional X-ray beam (70 x 70 mm) generated from synchrotron radiation. To investigate its use to visualize the coronary arteries and to estimate coronary blood flow, we performed IVCAG in 10 dogs and 1 goat. The animals were irradiated with the synchrotron beam after intravenous injection of a contrast agent, and images were obtained using a TV camera and videorecorder. In the dogs, blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was also estimated from the images by applying a transit-time analysis. We obtained dynamic IVCAG images in the dogs and goat and could visualize even a deliberately created coronary stenosis about 1 mm in length. In addition, coronary blood flow could be estimated with an acceptable degree of accuracy. LAD flow calculated from IVCAG was 14.7 +/- 5.1 ml/min, whereas measured LAD flow was 16.6 +/- 4.8 ml/min. There was a close correlation between the estimated and measured LAD flows (r = 0.90, p < 0.01). Thus, dynamic IVCAG is minimally invasive, permits the simultaneous evaluation of coronary anatomy and blood flow, and may be feasible for clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Age-related effects of heat stress on protective enzymes for peroxides and microsomal monooxygenase in rat liver.

To evaluate the age-related response of essential cell functions against peroxidative damage in hyperthermia, we studied the biochemical response to heat stress in both young and aged rats. Passive hyperthermia was immediately observed in rats after exposure to hot environments. In aged rats, the rectal temperature maintained thermal homeostasis and increased to the same degree as in young rats. In these aged animals, the damage from heat stress was more serious than in young animals. In aged rats under normal environmental conditions, hepatic cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase) activities were markedly higher than those activities in younger rats. Hepatic cytosolic GSH peroxidase activities were induced by heat stress in young rats but were decreased by hot environments in aged rats. Hepatic catalase activities in young rats were not affected by hot environments, whereas in aged rats, hepatic catalase activities were seriously decreased. Catalase activities in the kidney of aged rats were also reduced by hot environments. Lipid peroxidation in the liver was markedly induced in both young and aged rats. Because the protective enzymes for oxygen radicals in aged rats were decreased by hot environments, lipid peroxidation in the liver was highly induced. In aged rats, lipid peroxidation in intracellular structures such as mitochondria and microsomes was also markedly induced by hot environments. In both young and aged rats, hyperthermia greatly increased the development of hypertrophy and vacuolated degeneration in hepatic cells. In aged rats, both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatic cells showed serious distortion in shape as a result of exposures to hot environments. Microsomal electron transport systems, such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities, were seriously decreased by heat stress in aged rats but not in young rats. Although the mitochondrial electron transport systems were not affected by acute heat stress in young rats, their activities were simultaneously inhibited after long-lasting heat exposure. In isolated hepatic cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in animals, the 70-kDa heat shock-induced proteins were markedly increased by heat stress. In conclusion, the heat stress-inducible oxygen radical damage becomes more severe according to the age of rats. Because aging and hyperthermia have a synergistic effect on lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activities for oxygen radicals may be essential for surviving and recovering from thermal injury in aged animals and also in humans.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Primary Charnley total hip arthroplasty for congenital dysplasia: effect of improved techniques of cementing.

We performed Charnley total hip arthroplasties on 64 patients (71 hips) between 1976 and 1984 for moderate congenital acetabular dysplasia in which a superolateral cement thickness of less than 20 mm was expected when the cup was placed in the true acetabulum at an angle of 45 degrees. Of these, 59 hips were examined 10 to 17 years after operation; 37 (group A) had been operated on between 1976 and 1982 using Charnley's original technique of cementing the acetabulum and 22 (group B) between 1983 and 1984 using more modern techniques. In group A, aseptic loosening of the socket was observed in ten hips (27.0%) and the 17-year survival rate was 81.5%. In group B, loosening was noted in only one socket (4.5%) and the 13-year survival rate was 100%. The improved techniques produced significantly better long-term results in fixation of the cup in dysplastic hips without bone grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Valgus-extension osteotomy for advanced osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips. Results at 12 to 18 years.

We treated 31 consecutive patients of mean age 43 years (22 to 59) with severe osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to dysplasia by valgus-extension osteotomy. The clinical results were analysed for factors which may have affected the outcome. The procedure was carried out only on one side and was combined with a Chiari pelvic osteotomy in four patients. The angle of valgus was between 30 and 40 degrees with 10 to 20 degrees of extension. The mean follow-up was 15 years (12 to 18). Clinical evaluation using Charnley's modification of the system of Merle d'Aubigné and Postel showed that the mean score for pain had improved from 2.3 before operation to 4.2 at 15 years, and function from 2.3 to 4.2. Range of movement had decreased from 4.2 to 3.5. Fifteen patients (48.4%) had a pain score of 5 or 6 and were evaluated as satisfactory. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis showed a survival rate of 51% at 15 years after operation. Two preoperative factors had a significant positive correlation with the radiological results, namely the thickness of the capital drop osteophyte and the length of the roof osteophyte. We suggest that this procedure is effective for advanced osteoarthritis in the dysplastic hip in young and active patients if these factors are satisfactory on the preoperative radiographs.

Adult↗