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Biomedical subjects

M Amano

Publications and source records attributed to M Amano.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[General pharmacology of BMY-28100].

General pharmacological properties of BMY-28100, a new semisynthetic oral cephalosporin, were studied in experimental animals. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. BMY-28100 had no effect on gross behavior and the central nervous system in mice and rats nor on EEG activities in rabbits. 2. BMY-28100 did not affect the smooth muscle isolated from rats, guinea pigs or rabbits nor did it influence ganglionic transmission in cats. 3. Effects of BMY-28100 on the atrium and heart isolated from guinea pigs were not obvious. Several parameters of the cardiovascular system were examined and found unchanged by administration of BMY-28100 to rabbits. 4. In the digestive system, BMY-28100 had no effect on charcoal meal transport in the small intestine of mice. In rats, however, gastric secretion was reduced at a dose level of 125 mg/kg or higher and bile secretion was enhanced at a dose level of 500 mg/kg. 5. BMY-28100 had no effect on neuromuscular transmission in rabbits and showed no local anesthetic activity in guinea pigs. 6. BMY-28100 decreased urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes in dose-dependent manners in rats. Sulfobromophthalein excretion in rats was inhibited only at the highest dose tested. BMY-28100 had no effect on blood coagulation and red blood cell resistance in rats or rabbits. BMY-28100 revealed no antiinflammatory activity in rats. 7. BMY-28167, a trans-isomer of BMY-28100, had no or weak effects on some of above test systems when compared with BMY-28100. These results suggest that BMY-28100 has hardly any pharmacological properties leading to severe adverse reactions in clinical use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[NK- and T-cell granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders].

For the disease of the granular lymphocytes (GL) that contain azurophilic granules to proliferate in the peripheral blood, which is often complicated by anemia or neutropenia and which generally develop into chronic disease, the new designation of granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) is being proposed. This disease include T-GL having CD3 antigen which forms a complex with T cell Ag receptor (TCR-alpha beta), and NK-GL which is CD3-negative but CD16- or NKH-1-positive, having non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. The two cases presented here demonstrate the characteristics of T-GL or NK-GL, however, while one case with NK-GL showed spontaneous decrease of GL, improvement of neutropenia and anemia without any treatment, the other case with T-GL became intractable and required repeated blood transfusion. On such differences in the clinical development of the disease, we have conducted investigations including a review of the literature to see whether there is any correlation between the characteristics of the proliferating cells and pathologic conditions of the disease, and whether this disease is indeed tumorous.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid hormone directly induces hepatocyte competence for estrogen-dependent vitellogenin synthesis during the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis.

Hepatocytes competent for estrogen-dependent vitellogenin synthesis appeared and increased in number in the liver at the metamorphic climax of Xenopus laevis (A. Kawahara, S. Kohara, Y. Sugimoto, and M. Amano, 1987, Dev. Biol. 122, 139-145). The present study was conducted to determine whether cells competent for vitellogenin synthesis could be induced by thyroid hormone in a primary culture of larval hepatocytes. The thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), directly induced the competent cells in a primary culture of premetamorphic larval hepatocytes in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. The competency acquired in response to T3 persisted after removal of the hormone. Aphidicholin, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, failed to block this induction, suggesting the presence of a "precursor cell fraction." This cell fraction in the hepatocyte population increased with the progress of metamorphosis. The thyroid hormone is thus considered the cause of competent cell formation at metamorphic climax.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Purification of an autocrine growth factor in conditioned medium obtained from primary cultures of scleral fibroblasts of the chick embryo.

Scleral fibroblasts of the chick embryo were found to secrete autocrine growth factors. One of the factors was purified from conditioned medium collected from growing-phase cultures of these cells by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and following non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity was increased 1100-fold by this purification. The chromatographically purified growth factor was still active after incubation at 95 degrees C, at pH 10 or pH 3, or with glycosidase H, but inactive after incubation with dithiothreitol or trypsin. An active protein having a molecular weight of 32 kDa was found to be the major component of the final preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Scleral fibroblasts of the chick embryo proliferate by an autocrine mechanism in protein-free primary cultures: differential secretion of growth factors depending on the growth state.

Scleral fibroblasts of the chick embryo in primary culture proliferated in a protein-free medium. Conditioned medium (CdM) from the culture contained plural growth-promoting factors, which were active to the same cell type. The activity of one of the growth-promoting factors (SAF-I) was heat-resistant and the rest (SAF-II) were heat-sensitive. SAF-I accumulated in the CdM only during the growing phase; on the other hand, SAF-II accumulated in the CdM during the stationary phase. SAF-I showed the same time course of DNA synthesis-promoting activity as human PDGF. However, the activity of the SAF-I was not neutralized by anti-human PDGF. On the other hand, a part of the SAF-II (SAF-II a) showed a strong affinity for heparin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Age-related reduction in the number of rabbit erythrocyte Na, K-ATPase.

The number of Na, K-ATPase units, assessed by [3H]-ouabain binding assay, was significantly less in erythrocytes from 17 mature (30-week) rabbits than in those from 17 young (16-week) ones (0.179 +/- 0.010 vs. 0.263 +/- 0.014 pmol/10(9) cells, p less than 0.01). Consistent with this finding, the erythrocyte sodium concentration was significantly higher in mature rabbits as compared with young animals (17.1 +/- 1.30 vs. 10.8 +/- 0.68 mmol/liter, p less than 0.01). When the assays were repeated in 8 of the young rabbits 8 weeks after the initial determination, both variables were found to be similar to the levels from mature animals. The data suggest that the activity of erythrocyte sodium pump declines with aging or growth of donor rabbits, as a result of a reduction in the number of Na, K-ATPase units.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Initial symptoms of hematemesis from gastric varix with chromosomal abnormalities of t(2; 8) and 14q+ in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAB: L3)].

A 71-year-old woman was hospitalized because of hematemesis on December 1, 1987. Her white blood cell (WBC) count was 41,200/microliters with 48% of lymphoblasts, and the bone marrow was hypercellular with more than 90% of blasts. The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (FAB: L3) was made by morphologic, cytochemical and immunologic studies of the blasts. The examination of fiber gastroscope revealed remarkable varix in the stomach, suggesting portal hypertension accompanied by infiltration of leukemic cells into reticulo-endothelial system. She died of respiratory failure because of bleeding into the trachea. The autopsy disclosed the massive infiltration of leukemic cells into the whole organs. In the chromosome study of the peripheral blood, t(2; 8) and 14q+ were observed, and these chromosomal abnormalities are relatively unusual in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[T-cell lymphomas of the skin: a study of 7 cases excluding mycosis fungoides and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma].

Seven cases of T-cell lymphomas of the skin, excluding mycosis fungoides and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, treated at the Department of Dermatology, Miyazaki Medical College for the previous 5 years were studied. Five were males and 2 were females, with a mean age of 61 years. Six patients presented either multiple skin tumors or subcutaneous indurations. Histologically, all cases presented dense infiltrations of the tumor cells showing variable morphological characteristics. Surface markers were also variable, suggesting that these were not a single entity. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy in 5 cases and electron beam therapy in 5 (localized in 4 and generalized in 1). Complete remission was obtained in 5 cases. The mean period from the first examination to death in the three fatal cases was 11.7 months, and the mean period of observation from the first examination to the present time in 4 cases ranged from 12 months to 40 months. Clinicopathological characteristics of these cases were compared with those of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A comparative study on lomefloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis].

To objectively evaluate the efficacy, safety and utility of lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, a comparative double blind trial was performed using norfloxacin (NFLX) as the control drug. In both groups, the drug was orally administered after meals for 3 days in a dose of 100 mg t.i.d. and clinical efficacies were assessed on the 3rd day (the 1st assessment) according to the criteria by the UTI Committee in Japan. Subsequently, either the active drug (NY-198 or NFLX) or placebo was administered for 4 days and the 2nd assessment was performed on the 7th day. Further, in patients who showed excellent responses at the 2nd assessment, recurrence was examined on the 14th day (the 3rd assessment) and on around the 21st day (the 4th assessment) following a subsequent 7-day placebo treatment. 1. A total of 258 patients was treated, and among them clinical efficacies were evaluable in 207 patients (NY-198: 106, NFLX: 101) at the 1st assessment, and in 176 patients (NY-198-NY-198 which was the combination of the 1st and 2nd administrations: 47, NY-198-placebo: 43, NFLX-NFLX: 44, NFLX-placebo: 42). 2. In the evaluation of overall clinical efficacy by the committee at the 1st assessment, the overall efficacy rates in the NY-198 group and the NFLX group were 76.4% and 64.4% (excellent), respectively, or 100% and 99.0% (excellent and good), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. In the 1st assessment on effects of drugs on pain at micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria and on bacteriological response, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. 3. In the 2nd assessment by the committee, there were statistically significant differences among the 4 groups in the overall clinical efficacies and the effects on bacteriuria (P less than 0.05). No difference was observed between NY-198 group and NFLX group, but the groups administered with active drug for 7 days, i.e. NY-198-NY-198 group and NFLX-NFLX group were significantly superior to the groups administered with active drug for 3 days and placebo for subsequent 4 days, i.e. NY-198-placebo group and NFLX-placebo group (P less than 0.05). There were no differences in the effects on pain at micturition and pyuria among the 4 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Design concepts and preliminary performances of stationary-sampling whole-body high-resolution positron emission tomography: HEADTOME IV].

Design concepts and preliminary performances of a stationary sampling high-resolution whole-body positron emission tomograph, HEADTOME IV, were reported. The system comprises four layers of detector ring which consists of 768 BGO crystals with 3 mm width, 96 photomultiplier tubes arrayed on 825 mm circle. A sufficiently fine sampling-interval allows data sampling without scan motion along the transaxial plane. But an axial motion (Z-motion) is installed to interlace between adjacent planes. Preliminary performance characteristics were an in-plane resolution of 4.5 mm in full width at half maximum (FWHM), an axial resolution of 9.5 mm in FWHM, sensitivities of 14 and 24 kcps/(microCi/ml) for direct and cross planes, respectively, with 20 cm diam. cylindrical flood phantom. A large scale cache memory prepared for each plane allows a realtime correction for the deadtime and the radionuclide decay, and a realtime calculation of the rate constants using the weighted integral method.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of multiple myeloma with LAK cells plus interleukin 2 or interleukin 2 alone].

Three patients with multiple myeloma were treated with 3.3-10 x 10(5) u/day intravenous or subcutaneous IL 2 alone. Both their Leu7 and CD16 positive cells in the peripheral blood and NK and LAK cell activity elevated but no M protein decreased. LAK cells and IL-2 administered to three patients intravenously. Lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood elevated remarkably in one patient and CD3, 8, 16, 2, 38, Leu7 positive cells and NK cell activity increased in three patients. Though the reduction of M proteins were observed in three patients (17%, 75.8% and 40%, respectively), they returned to pretreatment level in 35 days, 55 days and 200 days after the therapy. Significance of the therapy against multiple myeloma was discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Megakaryocytic leukemia with thrombocytosis].

A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with exertional dyspnea. On admission, neither hepatosplenomegaly nor lymphadenopathy were noted. Laboratory data revealed anemia (Hb, 4.8 g/dl), leukopenia (2,800 microliters) and a normal platelet count (21 X 10(4)/microliters). The immature blast cells in the peripheral blood were 15%, which increased to 32% during his clinical course. On cytochemical studies, the blast cells had no staining with peroxidase, alpha-naphthyl-butyrate esterase and PAS, although acid phosphatase was positive. More than 58% of the blasts were identified as being of megakaryocytic lineage by platelet peroxidase and by tests with monoclonal GP IIb/IIIa antibody. Bone marrow biopsy disclosed marked fibrosis. However, the patient constantly had normal counts of platelets ranging from 21 X 10(4) to 63 X 10(4)/microliters. This case provides evidence that the megakaryocytic leukemias can be categorized into two types, which are characterized by either undifferentiated or differentiated megakaryocytic leukemia cells.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

Effects of monotherapy and withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertension.

The final number of antihypertensive drugs used in the long-term treatment of a given patient is not always predictable at the start of therapy. By reviewing clinical records, we retrospectively examined the relationship between pretreatment blood pressure and the final number of drugs administered in 282 patients with mild to moderate hypertension who had been treated for 5 years or more (average 9.7 years). After years of treatment approximately one third and one half of 137 patients with a pretreatment diastolic blood pressure of between 90 and 104 mmHg were well controlled with combined therapy and monotherapy, respectively. The drugs had been withdrawn in the remaining 17% for 12 months or more. Lower pretreatment systolic blood pressure and lower pretreatment QRS voltage were signs favorable for withdrawal of the drugs. Combined therapy was required in more than half the patients with higher pretreatment diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of work actions of shoe manufacturing assembly line workers and a cross-sectional factor-control study on occupational cervicobrachial disorders.

The characteristic work actions of female shoe manufacturing assembly line workers were analyzed by the records of 8-mm cine-films. The relationship between cervicobrachial disorders and work actions was investigated as a cross-sectional factor control study by using sex-age matched pairs for non-assembly line workers (102 pairs). The following conclusions were obtained: 1) The assembly line workers handled about 3,400 sneaker shoes per day on the assembly line. A completed shoe weighed 200-500 g. The metal last weighted 400-1,200 g. As the lines were not completely mechanized, the workers passed shoes to the next worker by hand. 2) In the line selected for the study of work actions, 28 female workers and one male worker were engaged. The work direction of the line was one-way (from left to right or vice versa). The actions of the workers were classified into four fundamental actions: i) grasping the shoe or tool, ii) extending or iii) bending of the arms, and iv) keeping the arms in a certain position. These fundamental actions were repeated more than 3,400 times per day by each worker. The time spent in holding a shoe in the left hand was longer than that of the right hand in holding a shoe or tool. 3) Results of medical examinations showed a higher prevalence in assembly line workers than that in non-assembly line workers. Especially the prevalence rate of tapping test, pain sensibility test, vibratory sensibility test, Morley's test, tenosynovitis in the fingers, tenderness at spinal muscle around the thoracic vertebrae, levator muscle of scapula, trapezius muscle, rhomboid muscle, infraspinatus muscle, greater pectoral muscle, anterior scalene muscle, thenar eminence, biceps muscle of arm, brachioradial muscle, and antebrachial flexor muscle were found to be different significantly by McNemar's test between the two groups. These disorders were appeared in the left shoulder, arm and hand. 4) As the non-assembly line workers were not engaged in compulsory work or in one-way work direction, they injured the right side (skillful side). On the contrary, it is considered that compulsory transfer of shoes and one-way work direction imposes a heavier load on the left side of the body in assembly line workers, and consequently they injured the left side more severely. 5) It is concluded that the sustained task of handing over shoes to the next worker or one-way work direction caused cervicobrachial disorders of assembly line workers, especially on the left side of the body.

Adult↗