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Biomedical subjects

M Adloff

Publications and source records attributed to M Adloff.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiological assay for the determination of biliary elimination of ciprofloxacin in humans.

Serum kinetics and biliary, urinary, and fecal elimination of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, were studied in 12 recently cholecystectomized patients provided with T-tube drainage during 24 h after oral administration of a single 500-mg dose of this substance. Drug concentrations were measured by both high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbiological assay. The results were comparable for the concentrations in serum (average of peaks, 2.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml by HPLC and 2.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml by the microbiological method) and urine (0 to 6 h, 267 +/- 74 and 241 +/- 58 micrograms/ml, respectively). This was not the case for biliary values, for which the microbiological assay yielded significantly higher concentrations than did HPLC (average of peak concentrations, 21.2 +/- 2.6 and 16.0 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml, respectively [P less than 0.02]), nor for total 24-h biliary output (2,167 +/- 288 and 1,587 +/- 222 micrograms, respectively [P less than 0.01]). This suggests hepatic biotransformation of ciprofloxacin into microbiologically active metabolites. The apparent broad antibacterial spectrum of ciprofloxacin and its higher biliary levels than simultaneously determined serum concentrations suggest that this derivative is suitable for the treatment of biliary tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Biliary excretion of apalcillin. Experimental study and evaluation in man].

Biliary excretion of apalcillin, a new derivative of the ureido-penicillin group, was investigated both experimentally and in humans. After adding 10 mg of this antibiotic to the circulating blood of an isolated rabbit liver perfusion model (n = 5), mean total apalcillin biliary recovery (0-3 h) accounted for 30.7% of the administered dose; the biliary peak averaged 686.0 +/- 135.9 micrograms/ml. In 5 healthy subjects, a mean maximum level of 1088 +/- 582 micrograms/ml was measured in the duodenal fluid collected during the 4 hours following an i.v. injection of Ig of apalcillin. In 10 cholecystectomized patients provided with T-tube drainage, after the same dosage, a mean biliary peak of 2093 +/- 859 micrograms/ml was reached at the third hour and cumulative biliary recovery of apalcillin over a period of 12 hours amounted to 12.1% of the injected dose. In 20 patients, undergoing biliary tract surgery, intra-operative assays performed 1 hour after i.v. injection of 1 g of apalcillin, showed simultaneous mean antibiotic activity of 65.5 +/- 5.0 micrograms/ml in serum, 3860 +/- 551 micrograms/ml in main duct bile and 2552 +/- 627 micrograms/ml in gallbladder bile. The results of these investigations were compared with data previously obtained under identical procedures with 13 other beta-lactam derivatives.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

[Does the histological status of the surgical section have any influence on the follow-up of Crohn disease treated surgically?].

Can we decrease the risk of recurrence of Crohn's disease by wide resection on either side of the pathological zone? A retrospective study of 58 cases of operated Crohn's disease analysed on the basis of the histological appearance of the limits of resection revealed that this element had no influence on the outcome of the disease. The patients were divided into two groups according to the histology of the limits of resection: Group A: healthy tissue at the limits of resection Group B: pathological limits Out of the 18 cases of recurrence, 13 occurred in cases with healthy limits of resection and 5 occurred in cases with pathological limits of resection (N.S. X2 = 0.435). There was no significant difference in the interval between the initial operation and the recurrence in the 2 groups of patients. These results justify the limited resection for Crohn's disease, with the removal of a small border of healthy tissue, which is best evaluated by intraoperative macroscopic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Natural history of colorectal carcinoma with untreated liver metastases.

In a series of 474 patients operated on for colonic and rectal carcinoma, 65 were shown to have hepatic metastases. Factors influencing spontaneous survival were evaluated in 56 patients. This study emphasizes the dominant role of the amount of liver involvement. A clinical staging referring to the size and number of liver deposits, to the presence or absence of jaundice and/or malignant ascites, and to liver function tests abnormalities provides an available classification which can be closely related to the outcome of such patients. Thus, it yields a valuable basis to avoid misleading prognostic data and to substantiate the effectiveness of aggressive treatments in case of carefully selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Common bile duct lithiasis. Reflections apropos of 1000 cases].

One thousand case reports of patients treated in eleven French surgical departments for stones in the common bile duct between 1975 and 1982 were analyzed. One in three cases were asymptomatic and detected by peroperative radiology during treatment of a simple or complicated gallstone, most forms were painful, with jaundice in 9 p. cent, an angiocholitis in 12 p. cent, and biliary pancreatitis in 2 p. cent. The most reliable exploratory procedure for gallstones is ultrasound imaging, as positive results were obtained in 90 p. cent of cases, but it enabled the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in only one out of five patients. Intravenous cholangiography is a useful diagnostic tod for painful forms (60 p. cent). The failure of these two methods to establish the diagnosis in forms complicated by jaundice, pancreatitis, or angiocholitis has to be compared with the good results (85 p. cent) observed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Treatment was surgical in 99 p. cent of patients, peroperative radiology being performed in 95 p. cent of these cases and endoscopy in 30 p. cent. In one out of two cases a single large stone was present while multiple stones were present in 8 p. cent. A "ideal" choledochotomy was carried out in 77 patients (7,7 p. cent) without mortality. External biliary drainage in 702 cases resulted in a 1.7 p. cent mortality rate, this increasing to 8 p. cent after 192 biliodigestive shunt operations, and 7 p. cent after 146 sphincterotomies, including 18 under endoscopic control. Unrecognized lithiasis, detected during follow-up radiography two weeks after external biliary drainage, accounted for 2-8 p. cent of cases. Of the 30 patients with residual stones and open biliary pathways, 6 were treated by mechanical removal, 6 by endoscopic sphincterotomy, and the others by repeat surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Colonic occlusions. Retrospective cooperative study of 497 cases].

A retrospective multicenter study involving 12 digestive surgery centers was conducted on 497 cases of colon obstruction. The most frequent cause of colon obstruction was colo-rectal cancer (71 p. cent of cases), but many other etiologies were involved, including 61 cases of torsion and 37 patients with occlusive sigmoiditis. Differential clinical and radiological features in each etiological group are discussed, the results of therapy undertaken analyzed, and a reasonable line of conduct proposed, adapted to each situation, with the objective of attempting to reduce mortality which still affects 25 p. cent of cases operated upon.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Posterior approach to the rectum. Technic, indications, complications. Apropos of 41 cases].

Certain lesions in the middle part of the rectal ampulla can only be approached with safety through the posterior surface of the rectum after resection of the coccyx and the last part of the sacrum. This approach was employed in 41 patients, with conservation of the sphincter in all cases. Operation was performed 39 times for excision of a large villous tumor, in 1 case for a polycystic lesion, and in 1 case for a localized epithelioma. Extensive tumors in 3 cases required rectal resection with end-to-end anastomosis, employing a circular mechanical suturing apparatus in 1 patient. Two patients died of causes unrelated to the operation, and 5 developed a fistula, three of these cases needing proximal colostomies. Delayed healing of the perineal wound was noted in 5 other patients, residual perineal pain being reported by 2 patients. The posterior approach to the rectum is an exceptional technique, mainly indicated when wide excision of a histologically doubtful tumor cannot be approached from above or below.

Adult↗