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Biomedical subjects

M Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to M Adachi.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Human rotavirus infection in infants and young children with intussusception.

Human rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy in 11 of 30 infants and young children with intussusception (37% of subjects under study). Serologic complement fixation tests revealed evidence of infection with the rotavirus in 70% of the patients examined who eliminated the rotavirus in their stools. These results indicate that human rotavirus, in addition to adenovirus, may be an infectious agent causing intussusception in infants and young children.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1978

Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and haemodynamics in the early stage of essential hypertension.

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and haemodynamic status were simultaneously studied in young patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and in age-matched normal controls. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline in the controls tended to increase slightly, but progressively, with age. The hypertensive subjects had significantly higher plasma noradrenaline concentrations than those in the controls, but these values did not show any age-related variation. The response of plasma noradrenaline to the standing position tended to increase with age in the controls, whereas plasma noradrenaline in the hypertensive subjects showed a wide range of responses without any fixed relationship with age. 3. The cardiac index was significantly greater in the labile hypertensive subjects than in the controls, whereas total peripheral resistance was significantly greater in the sustained hypertensive subjects than in the labile patients and in the controls. Mean arterial pressure in these patients was closely related with the value of total peripheral resistance rather than with the cardiac index. 4. Of the patients with raised plasma noradrenaline 80% showed significantly increased values of either total peripheral resistance or cardiac index. Plasma noradrenaline was correlated significantly to total peripheral resistance, and marginally to mean arterial pressure. 5. These findings support the view that sympathetic nervous overactivity is an important factor underlying the haemodynamic findings in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A long-term survey of rotavirus infection in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis.

Human rotavirus was detected by electron microscopic examination of the stools of 320 (63%) of 506 infants and young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between December 1974 and March 1977. Serologic responses to infection with the rotavirus were revealed by the complement-fixation test in 130 (70%) of 185 patients examined. During the study period three epidemics of human rotavirus infection occurred during the winter months. The peak incidences occurred in January 1975 (88% of patients positive by serologic analysis or electron microscopy of stools), January 1976 (92%), and February 1977 (96%). Rotavirus was detected in the stools of 288 (79%) of 365 patients tested during the cooler months (December to March) and 35 (25%) of 141 during the rest of the year. In the summer (June to August), rotavirus infection occurred rarely. The frequency of human rotavirus infection was highest among patients aged six to 11 months. These results indicate that human rotavirus can be regarded as a major etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, of which wintertime epidemics are common in Japan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Interference with fluorimetric assay of catecholamine by labetalol.

Influence of labetalol and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl)salicylamide (SA), a part of the chemical structure of labetalol, on the fluorimetric assay of catecholamine (CA) was studied. Both labetalol and SA have a weak but significant fluorescence which is indistinguishable from that of CA with peaks of excitation/emission wavelengths at 410/490. It is thus concluded that an apparent increase in urinary CA observed in patients receiving labetalol is caused by the contamination of labetalol and/or its metabolite, and that the evaluation of urinary CA in hypertensive patients must be done prior to the use of labetalol to avoid any confusion in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMed1977

Light and electron microscopic studies of "nude" mice CNS after subcutaneous administration of the E variant of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus.

Sixteen 3 month old "nude" mice, 24 of their litter mates and 30 Swiss mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.1 ml suspension of the E variant of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. While the mortality rate of the litter mates and Swiss mice during 5-7 days after inoculation was more than 40%, none of the "nude" mice died during the experiment. The surviving animals were sacrificed at 24 h intervals from day one to seven days after injection. Brain suspensions assayed for the presence of the virus yielded significant titers at 24 h in all groups, which increased during 7 days. The litter mates and Swiss mice showed proliferation of lymphocytes and microglial cells in the perivascular areas of the brain during the fifth to the seventh day. The "nude" mice, on the other hand, displayed no perivascular lymphocytic infilteration during the same periods. Ultrastructurally, all groups showed aggregates of ribosomes in the cytoplasmic matrix on the third day, which became enlarged in size on the 5th day. At 7 days, both litter mates and Swiss mice showed an increased number of necrotic cells, while these changes were not observed in the "nude" mice. These findings suggest that the high mortality rate in immunologically normal mice was related to the efforts of T cells to eliminate virus-infected cells and to produce extensive necrosis, while T cell-depleted animals showed good survival rates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gaucher disease in mice induced by conduritol-B-epoxide: morphologic features.

Morphologic changes were studied in mice in which Gaucher disease was induced by the administration of conduritol-B-epoxide. Sixteen newborn Swiss mice received a daily subcutaneous dosage of 100 mg/kg of body weight of conduritol-B-epoxide from one day after birth to 28 days. Light microscopically, no Gaucher cells were noted in the viscera, bone marrow, and the CNS during this study. Ultrastructurally, the spleen and liver showed irregular granules and fibrils in histiocytes and Kupffer cells during the second to fourth week. In the CNS, the neurons showed fibrils and tubular structures within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum at three to four weeks. During the fourth week, they frequently contained well-organized inclusion bodies that were membrane-bound and contained tubular structures that varied from 250 to 500 A in diameter. These inclusion bodies were similar to Gaucher bodies seen in human cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructure and biochemical studies of rat CNS and viscera after subcutaneous injection of chlorphentermine.

Ultrastructural and biochemical studies were carried out on three groups of experimental models which were induced by a single subcutaneous daily dose of 10 to 40 mg./kg. body weight of chlorphentermine hydrochloride. The first group consisted of 20 young adult rats which were sacrificed at intervals of from one to four weeks. The liver and lungs showed concentrically arranged memberanous bodies in the hepatocytes and alveolar cells during the first week after the first injection, while the CNS and pancreas showed no ultrastructural alterations. During the fourth week, the pancreas displayed abnormal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the A and B cells of the islets of Langerhans as well as in the exocrine portion. The brain showed various neuronal alterations at four weeks which consisted of irregular dense bodies to well-developed membranous structures which were similar to those of Tay-Sachs disease. Biochemically, thin layer chromatograms showed that the major ganglioside fraction in the brain at four weeks had an RF value similar to that of GM1-ganglioside. In an analysis of the total N-acetyl neuraminic acid the brains in the experimental group contained 90.9% GM1-gandlioside as compared with 44% in the controls. The total and fractions of phospholipids in the brains and livers of the experimental animals were within normal limits.

Animals↗