Total syntheses of optically active 19-norsteroids. (+)-Estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and (+)13 beta-ethylgon-4-ene-3,17-dione.
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Estrenes↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Scott
Publications and source records attributed to M A Scott.
Prolonged anti-CD40 ligand therapy improves primate cardiac allograft survival.
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Animals↗
An evaluation of several blood transfusion filters.
Several blood transfusion filters designed to remove microemboli were evaluated for filtration and flow characteristics, as well as for hemolysis and for release of particulate debris from the filter. The Dacron wool filter, a depth filter, was superior at removing microemboli measured with an electronic particle size analyzer. A 25 micrometer pore mesh filter was least effective at removing microemboli from stored blood, but demonstrated the most favorable flow rates and induced no apparent red blood cell destruction during filtration. In general, filter efficiency and filter induced hemolysis correlated inversely with flow rate. No filter tested released significant quantities of particulate debris when compared with unfiltered isotonic saline.
Blood Transfusion↗
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in a quarter horse foal.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is recognized as a spontaneous disease of human infants, piglets, and possibly mules, but it has not been previously reported in horses. A 1-day-old Quarter Horse foal presented to Michigan State University Large Animal Clinic with severe thrombocytopenia of unknown origin. Immunoglobulins that bound to the foal's platelets were identified in the mare's plasma, serum, and milk by indirect assays. The immunoglobulins were further shown to recognize platelets from the foal's full brother, born 1 year earlier. These findings, coupled with the clinical course of the foal during its period of hospitalization, strongly suggest that neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia can spontaneously occur in neonatal horses. This diagnosis should be considered for foals with severe thrombocytopenia when other causes can be excluded, and platelet antibody assays should be used to support this diagnosis.
Animals↗
A potentially misleading presentation and course of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a dog.
A nine-year-old, castrated male golden retriever had lethargy, fever, massive peripheral lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and pale mucous membranes. There was a marked leukocytosis (456.3 x 10(3) cells/microliter) with 99% blasts; a moderate, nonregenerative anemia; and marked thrombocytopenia. A tentative diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia was made pending results of cytochemical staining. Despite the severity of the laboratory and clinical findings, the dog exhibited a partial response to an induction chemotherapy protocol commonly used for lymphoma. Subsequent cytochemical staining of the original blood and bone-marrow samples resulted in a revised diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4). Clinicopathological findings, response to treatment, and clinical outcome in this case of canine AML-M4 are discussed.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a cat.
An 11-year-old, castrated, male domestic shorthair cat was presented for hematuria and pollakiuria. The cat had a marked thrombocytopenia, and a bone-marrow core biopsy demonstrated megakaryocytic hyperplasia with many megakaryocyte-associated neutrophils (i.e., emperipolesis). On peripheral blood, collected at initial presentation, what appeared to be platelets were noted to be within or adherent to occasional neutrophils. The thrombocytopenia was idiopathic in that no definitive cause could be found. However, platelet concentrations appeared to increase and decrease in response to changes in prednisone and cyclosporine therapy, suggesting a possible immune-mediated pathogenesis. As tests to detect increased feline platelet-associated antibodies are unavailable, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia can only be tentatively diagnosed in cats by exclusion and response to therapy.
Animals↗
Trends in mortality from uterine cancer in relation to mass screening.
Mortality rates from cancer of the cervix uteri, as well as for all uterine cancer, have shown a remarkable decrease in recent years in Louisville, Kentucky. For women ages 30-39 the decrease was 70.8 per cent, and for ages 50-59, 69 per cent. No change in rates was noted for women ages 70 years and over. These changes correlate well with the success of recruitment for screening of women according to age. The high degree of success in screening the low socioeconomic quartile is thought to be of prime importance. The average annual age adjusted mortality for uterine cancer other than cervix also fell impressively. In contrast to Louisville, mortality from cervical cancer in England and Wales, with the exception of the younger age group, has remained fairly constant over the past decade. Denmark showed no mortality decline between 1961 and 1971. Like England and Wales and unlike Louisville, screening there had not achieved high population coverage and the screening as does exist was not commenced as early.
Adult↗
Therapeutic options for treating major depression, and the role of venlafaxine.
Major depression is a debilitating disorder that is often undertreated. Psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and pharmacotherapy are options for management. Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the cornerstones of drug therapy. Venlafaxine, a phenylethylamine antidepressant that primarily inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, is an alternative to those agents. It has been studied in short-term and continuation studies and appears to have efficacy similar to that of imipramine, trazodone, and fluoxetine. Moreover, venlafaxine is effective in approximately one-third of patients with treatment-resistant depression. Venlafaxine is metabolized by the P-450 enzyme system to an active metabolite O-desmethyl-venlafaxine, which is excreted renally. Nausea, somnolence, and dizziness are dose-related adverse effects that often occur with initiation of therapy. Increases in blood pressure, particularly with high dosages, also may occur. Drug-drug interactions appear to be minimal.
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation↗