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Biomedical subjects

M A Scott

Publications and source records attributed to M A Scott.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Autografting for multiple myeloma: a 5-year experience at a single institution.

Over a 5-year period, we have performed 33 autologous bone marrow or PBPC transplantations for multiple myeloma. Nine patients were in complete remission and 24 in partial remission at time of transplantation. Conditioning regimens were BEM (BCNU, etoposide and melphalan) in 29, busulphan and cyclophosphamide in three and melphalan alone in one. Two patients (6%), died within 3 months of transplant-related mortality, seven (21.3%), died of disease progression at a median follow-up of 11 months (range 4-24). Twenty-four patients (72.7%) are alive at a median follow-up of 15 months (range 4-61). Of nine patients transplanted in CR, four have relapsed and are alive and five remain in CR. Of 24 patients transplanted in PR, nine have died, six remain in PR, eight achieved CR and one has progressive disease. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) is 31 months (95% CI = 20-42). For patients transplanted in PR the median PFS is 24 months (95% CI = 22-26), the median PFS for patients transplanted in CR has not yet been reached. The median PFS for patients achieving CR pre- or post-transplantation was better than for patients neither achieving CR pre- nor post-transplantation (P = 0.05). The median PFS was also significantly improved for patients requiring only primary therapy, compared to patients needing second-line therapy to achieve CR or stable PR prior to transplantation (31 vs 11 months, P = 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release from dorsal thoraco-lumbar spinal cord slices by 5-HT3 receptors.

The release of endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) from slices of dorsal and ventral thoraco-lumbar spinal cord was examined using a fixed volume incubation technique and radioimmunoassay. Incubation with potassium (25-100 mM) produced a dose-related increase in basal CGRP-LI in the supernatant of dorsal slices which was calcium dependent and release was also evoked by incubation with capsaicin (10 microM). Pre-incubation with the 5-HT3 agonist 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (10(-5) M) attenuated potassium-induced release from dorsal spinal cord slices, which was prevented by additional pre-incubation with the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron (10(-8) M). In contrast, the low level of CGRP-LI released from ventral spinal cord slices was not significantly enhanced by incubation with either potassium or capsaicin.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide↗
PubMed1994

Liquid storage of peripheral blood progenitor cells for transplantation.

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were mobilised by recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) and cyclophosphamide, harvested by apheresis from 9 patients with NHL and stored at 4 degrees C without further manipulation. They were then reinfused after high-dose chemotherapy. We monitored the change in colony-forming units-granulocyte, macrophage (CFU-GM) proliferation as well as plasma glucose, lactate and pH levels over the period of the study. In an attempt to maintain CFU-GM numbers, rhG-CSF was added to storage bags at collection and 48 h later. Our observations suggest that cell viability is well maintained and that CFU-GM numbers rise over the first 48 h of storage before falling rapidly. Metabolic changes cause a fall in the pH and glucose levels with a reciprocal rise in plasma lactate. The addition of rhG-CSF at a concentration of 10 ng/ml to cells in storage showed no detectable benefit. Following storage for 96 h, 77% (SEM +/- 8%) of the initial CFU-GM remained.

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed1989

Stability and anchorage considerations for cementless tibial components.

The ability of several idealized tibial anchorage systems to resist distractive relative motion between the substrate and the component when subjected to eccentric loads was assessed using mechanical tests employing a urethane foam as a bone substitute and finite element models. Eccentric loads had to be placed within 30-35% of the edge of the tibial plate for separation to occur between an unanchored plate and the substrate. The finite element model predicted that a 90%/10% medial/lateral load distribution was required to maintain compressive vertical stresses beneath the unanchored plate. An anchorage system with four pegs each 10 mm in diameter and 20 mm long and an anchorage system with four cancellous bone screws each 6.5 mm in diameter were loaded eccentrically, and both systems prevented distraction of greater than 76 microns when mounted on urethane foam. Shorter pegs (10 mm) or a single central peg allowed distractions of 150 microns or greater to occur. These data are relevant to the design and testing of tibial components for total knee arthroplasty.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial skin infections.

This article discusses the more common dermatoses caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Included are diseases caused by the organism directly and those caused by exotoxins elaborated by the organisms. Current concepts of pathogenesis and treatment are presented.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Benign cutaneous neoplasms.

Benign tumors are sometimes mistaken for neoplasms, so this article describes common benign skin lesions that usually require no treatment other than reassurance. If treatment is requested, modalities available are discussed with associated side-effects.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of the pull-out strength of screws and pegs used to secure tibial components following total knee arthroplasty.

The purpose of this study was to compare the pull-out forces of 3.8-mm and 6.5-mm diameter cancellous screws and a round peg 10 mm in diameter, implanted in bovine vertebral cancellous bone and two different grades of polyurethane. The relationships between the pull-out forces and the properties of the material into which they were inserted were also examined. For the same depth of insertion, the pull-out force of a 6.5-mm diameter screw was two times larger than that of a 3.8-mm diameter screw. Despite its smaller diameter, a 6.5-mm diameter screw demonstrated a pull-out force 13.6% greater than that of an optimally press-fitted 10-mm diameter round peg when both were inserted to the same depth; however, optimal compression for the peg was strongly dependent upon the size of predrilling and the modulus of elasticity of the material into which the peg was inserted. The pull-out force of a cancellous screw has a linear relationship with the shear strength of the material into which it is inserted. The pull-out force of a peg exhibits a linear relationship with the modulus of elasticity of the material into which it is inserted.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Admission thyroid function testing in elderly patients.

The free thyroxine index (FTI) was measured in 307 elderly patients admitted to two geriatric units. The initial FTI was abnormal in 41 (13.3%), being raised in 27 and low in 14 patients. On further testing, these abnormalities were found to be either transient or of no clinical significance in 36 of the 41 patients (88%). Only five of the 307 patients (1.6%) were finally treated for previously undiagnosed thyroid disease and of these three improved (1%). Thyroid disease identified by routine screening, and not suspected from the history and clinical findings, was present in only two patients (0.7%). In view of these findings we suggest that thyroid screening is no more justified in the elderly than in younger hospitalised patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Platelet aggregation during and after cardiopulmonary bypass: effect of two different cardiotomy filters.

Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with a membrane oxygenator were studied to determine the effects of two cardiotomy filters on platelet number and function. A Dacron wool filter removed significantly more microemboli than a 40 mu X 40 mu pore-mesh filter. Postoperatively, there were fewer platelets and a lower total volume of platelets in patients who had a Dacron wool filter in the extracorporeal circuit. However, the volume of adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregates was nearly identical in the two patient groups (p greater than 0.1). The study documents an increased number of circulating platelets after pore-mesh filtration, and suggests that the microaggregates reinfused during pore-mesh filtration represent aggregated platelets that dissociate and subsequently circulate in the patient but do not function.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lichenoid benign keratosis.

One hundred thirty-eight patients who presented with solitary cutaneous lesions appearing clinically as papules or plaques and histologically showing a lichenoid tissue reaction were studied. Many of the lesions occurred in sites not usually exposed to sunlight and histologically the lesions did not show significant atypical change in keratinocytes and many did not show evidence of solar elastosis in the superficial corium. Our study indicates that the lesions are benign keratoses showing a lichenoid tissue reaction or lichenoid benign keratoses.

Adolescent↗