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Biomedical subjects

M A Memon

Publications and source records attributed to M A Memon.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Penile paralysis and paraphimosis associated with reserpine administration in a stallion.

Reserpine was administered to an 8-yr-old Thoroughbred stallion at a dosage of 5 mg subcutaneously (s.c.) every 2 wk for a 2-mo period to control unmanageable behavior. Reserpine produced a satisfactory calming effect that lasted for about 2 wk. After the last injection, the stallion developed penile paralysis and was unable to retract his penis, resulting in paraphimosis and attendant penile edema. The prolapsed penis was reduced and kept within the prepuce by placing a purse string suture in the preputial orifice. Phenylbutazone was given orally (1 gm) and the stallion was exercised for 20 to 30 min twice daily. This treatment was continued for 20 d with little improvement. The purse string retention suture cut through the skin 5 d after the stallion was discharged from the clinic. The penis was then supported against the abdominal wall and the stallion was exercised by hand for 30 min each day. The stallion was not used for breeding within 34 mo after the last injection of reserpine. A breeding soundness examination was performed approximately 3 yr after the initial injury. At this time the stallion's penis was noted to extend 5 to 8 cm from the prepuce when in a detumescent state. Although the stallion protruded his penis when exposed to a mare in estrus, a full rigid erection was never attained. Examination of the penis revealed partial engorgement of the corpus cavernosum penis and a 2.5-cm-wide dorsal semi-circumferential depression of the penile shaft approximately 10 to 12 cm proximal to the glans penis. The penile shaft and glans penis distal to this depression were cooler than the proximal portion of the penis. Semen collection was attempted, aided by manual insertion of the penis into the artificial vagina. When serving the artificial vagina, no "belling" of the glans penis was observed, although ejaculation occurred. Semen evaluation indicated normal spermatozoal motility and morphology parameters. The stallion was able to breed several mares with manual assistance to guide the penis into the vagina and one mare was diagnosed pregnant.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Semen quality characteristics of dairy goats.

Semen was collected, processed, and frozen from five dairy bucks for 2 successive yr for use in quality classification and evaluation for inclusion in artificial insemination programs. Semen was evaluated for volume, initial, postthaw and 37 degrees C incubated percent progressive motility, percent postthaw 3-h 37 degrees C incubated intact acrosomes, autoagglutination, whey-induced agglutination, and percent primary, secondary, and tertiary abnormalities. Significant high correlations were found between: percent progressive motility and percent intact acrosomes, percent intact acrosomes and percent autoagglutination, and percent autoagglutination and percent whey agglutination. Means of the postthaw quality parameters, percent progressive motility, percent intact acrosomes, and percent primary and secondary abnormalities were used to categorize ejaculates within each incubation time (0 and 2 h). At 0 h, 25 ejaculates were classified as high quality and 11 were low quality. Using 2-h data, 19 ejaculates were classified as high quality and 17 as low. Inclusion of both agglutination parameters in the 2-h data analysis resulted in 13 ejaculates categorized as high and 23 as low quality. Based on assessment with techniques used in bovine artificial insemination programs, semen quality of goat semen could be used to discriminate between acceptable or unacceptable ejaculates. Based on recommended sperm numbers per inseminate and average ejaculate characteristics the low number of marketable units per ejaculate would make incorporation of goats into existing artificial insemination programs prohibitive.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Preputial hematoma in a stallion.

An 8-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was admitted with a swelling involving the prepuce, dorsal part of the scrotum, and root of the penis. The swelling was first noticed 10 days after breeding, with no evidence that it had resulted from a kick by the mare. The penis was retracted into the prepuce, except for a 10- to 15-cm protrusion of the glans penis. Treatment included warm hydrotherapy, massage, stockinette compression, antidiuretics, antibiotics, penile support, and exercise, without success. At necropsy, a massive preputial hematoma was found extending forward from the root of the penis to 12 cm proximal to the glans penis. The exact origin of the hematoma could not be determined. Most likely, bleeding had originated from the vascular plexus lying subfascially on the surface of the penis outside the intact tunica albuginea or from a branch of the external pudendal artery.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Observations on the use of prostaglandin F(2alpha) as an abortifacient and effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on ovarian activity after induced abortion during the breeding season in goats.

Results of two experiments are described. In the first experiment, forty-one mixed-breed goats (does) with unknown gestation lengths were given 10 mg prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) (2 doses of 5 mg each, 24 h apart) i.m. Blood samples were obtained before each treatment with PGF(2alpha) by jugular venipuncture, and plasma progesterone (P(4)) concentrations were determined by a nonextraction solid-phase radioimmunoassay. P(4) concentrations (ng/ml) were significantly decreased (15.47 vs 1.55, P<0.005) 24 h after the first injection of PGF(2alpha). A total of 63 fetuses was collected within 46.5 h following the first injection. Mean (+/- SE) crownrump lengths and body weights of 62 fetuses were 21.46 +/- 0.29 centimeters (cm) and 575.00 +/- 20.60 g, respectively. Based on these findings, the mean gestation length of these does was estimated to be 86.96 +/- 0.74 d. Thirty-one does retained their placenta for 12 to 72 h and were treated with a single injection of 5 mg PGF(2alpha) and 800 mg oxytetracycline i.m. Placental expulsion in all does occurred within 24 h posttreatment. The results of this study suggest that two doses of 5 mg PGF(2alpha) intramuscularly (i.m.) 24 h apart is an effective abortifacient at about 3 mo of pregnancy in does. In the second experiment, 38 does from the first experiment were divided in two groups of 19 each on Day 13 postabortion. Group A (treated) was given 50 ug GnRH i.m. while Group B (control) received 1 ml 0.9% saline i.m. Blood samples were obtained prior to treatment and on Day 23 postabortion and assayed for P(4) concentrations. There was no significant difference (P>0.10) in P(4) concentrations of samples obtained pre- and post-GnRH treatment. However, 14 of 19 and 12 of 19 in Groups A and B, respectively, exhibited estrus within 52 days following abortion. Twenty-six does were bred naturally and 17 became pregnant.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Follicular cysts in sheep.

A flock of 188 sheep was surveyed for cutaneous lesions that were noticed 3 days after shearing. On the basis of histologic features of the cyst wall, ie, association with sebaceous glands and lack of follicular structures or rete pegs, the cysts were classified as follicular cysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Epidermal inclusion cysts in a cow.

A 6-year-old Hereford-cross cow had multiple 2-cm diameter, well-circumscribed, firm, nonulcerated cutaneous nodules along the ventral midline. Biopsy of several nodules revealed epidermal inclusion cysts. Such cysts may be of economic importance because they affect hide quality in beef and dairy cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of washing on motility and acrosome morphology of frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa.

Semen from 4 bucks was collected using an artificial vagina and was pooled and divided into 6 aliquots. Three aliquots were washed twice, 15 minutes each time, with Ringer's solution, and the fluid was removed by centrifugation at 950 X g between washes. All 6 aliquots (3 washed and 3 unwashed) were extended with skim milk-glycerol, lactose-egg yolk-glycerol, or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol and were frozen in straws to -196 C. The semen was then thawed and kept at 37 C for 8 hours. Percentage of sperm motility was estimated, and the percentage of normal acrosomes (NA) was determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after thawing. The experiment was repeated 7 times. The data indicated a significant positive effect (P = 0.0009) of washing on motility, but no effect (P = 0.5347) of extender. There was also a significantly higher percentage of NA in washed semen (P less than 0.0001). Sperm extended in tris aminomethane-citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol had more NA than those extended in lactose-egg yolk-glycerol. Sperm motility and acrosome morphology were depressed also in the presence of seminal plasma for the milk extender, which did not contain egg yolk. Removal of seminal plasma from goat semen was beneficial in preserving the integrity of the spermatozoa after freezing, regardless of the extender used.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1984

Effects of various concentrations and combinations of prostaglandins on in vitro migration of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa in cervical mucus of ewes.

The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of various concentrations and combinations of prostaglandins (PG) on sperm migration in cervical mucus collected from estrous ewes. Semen from six rams was pooled and extended in Tes-tris-yolk-glycerol to 500 x 10(6) sperm per ml, cooled and held at 5 degrees C for three hours. Aliquots of the semen were supplemented with various concentrations of PGF(2alpha) or PGE(1), combinations of PGF(2alpha) + E(1), or PGE(1) + E(2) + E(3) + F(1alpha) + F(2alpha). The semen was filled into 0.25-ml French straws and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. The semen was thawed in a 35 degrees C water bath for two minutes. Cervical mucus was collected from 30 ewes, pooled and filled in the capillary tubes. Frozen-thawed ram semen with PG added was brought into contact with cervical mucus, held at 37 degrees C and evaluated for sperm migration in the capillary tube at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes under a phase-contrast microscope. At 180 minutes, sperm numbers were counted and sperm motility was graded at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60-mm distances in the capillary tube. Analysis of the results showed that sperm migration distance increased with time, but there was no difference between the controls and samples with PG. At 180 minutes, sperm motility and number decreased, while distance of migration in the capillary tube increased. This sperm response was similar, whether the supplementation of semen was with any of several individual PGs, or a combination of two or five PGs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Abomasal impaction in sheep.

Abomasal engorgement was diagnosed in five Suffolk rams and one Suffolk ewe. All sheep had poor or no appetite for between seven days and five months duration. They were depressed, thin and weak. Rectal temperature and respiration rates were within the normal range. Pulse rate was increased (97.6 +/- 11.55/minute, mean +/- se). A distended abdomen was present and, or, a firm mass was ballotted or palpated in the lower right abdomen. Rumen motility was increased and contractions were strong. Laparotomy revealed enlarged abomasums in four sheep. Enlarged abomasums were found at necropsy in two sheep. Abomasal contents resembled rumen ingesta in character and odour. Removal of ingesta by abomasotomy produced temporary improvement in three rams for six to 12 weeks. All six sheep died or were euthanased.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1983

Male infertility.

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Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of intrarectal Doppler and rectal abdominal palpation for pregnancy testing in goats.

Two methods of pregnancy diagnosis--rectal abdominal palpation and the intrarectal Doppler technique--were compared for accuracy in the female goat (does). Three veterinarians were given a short period of instruction as to the use of these methods, after which 38 does were evaluated by both methods by each veterinarian. The percentage of correct determination for pregnant does ranged from 94% to 100% for examiners using the intrarectal Doppler technique and from 94% to 97% for the rectal abdominal palpation. The percentage of correct determinations for nonpregnant does ranged from 25% to 75% for intrarectal Doppler technique and was 75% for rectal abdominal palpation; however, the number of nonpregnant does was small and did not allow a valid conclusion. The results indicated that both methods are reasonably accurate for pregnancy diagnosis in does at 55 days or more after breeding and can be learned with only brief training. However, rectal abdominal palpation appears to be more hazardous with respect to rectal injury and abortion and, therefore, would not be the preferred method.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Breeding soundness examinations of rams and bucks, a review.

Breeding soundness examinations of rams and bucks may be performed by veterinarians as a service for clients. A physical examination for breeding soundness includes a general examination for health with special consideration of the reproductive organs. Careful examination of the penis, prepuce, and testicles may reveal diseases or abnormalities which decrease reproductive potential. Rams with small or hypoplastic testicles are unsatisfactory potential breeders as testicle size is positively related to sperm production. Libido may be assessed during semen collection procedures or from observations of the owner. Semen quality may be evaluated using tests for motility, concentration, and morphology of spermatozoa. Rams may be declared satisfactory, questionable, or unsatisfactory potential breeders as a result of the examination.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Methods of pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and goats.

Ninety percent accuracy in pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonic techniques during the last half of gestation in ewes and does has been reported. Rectal abdominal palpation is relatively inexpensive and easy to perform in field conditions with more than 90% accuracy after 60 days of gestation. Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal count is possible by radiographic technique after the 90th and 70th day of gestation in ewes and does, respectively. Vaginal biopsy techniques have yielded an accuracy of 97% after the 40th day of gestation in ewes and progesterone assays after the 20th day of gestation have yielded 90% accuracy both in ewes and does. Direct palpation of the pregnant uterus via laparotomy after the 28th day of gestation in ewes has demonstrated less than 3% error.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term consequences of intraoperative spillage of bile and gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a higher incidence of iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder than open cholecystectomy. The long-term consequences of spilled bile and gallstones are unknown. Data were collected prospectively from 1059 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 3-year period. Details of the operative procedures and postoperative course of patients in whom gallbladder perforation occurred were reviewed. Long-term follow-up (range 24 to 59 months) was available for 92% of patients. Intraoperative perforation of the gallbladder occurred in 306 patients (29%); it was more common in men and was associated with increasing age, body weight, and the presence of omental adhesions (each P < 0.001). There was no increased risk in patients with acute cholecystitis (P = 0.13). Postoperatively pyrexia was more common in patients with spillage of gallbladder contents (18% vs. 9%; P < 0.001). Of the patients with long-term follow-up, intra- abdominal abscess developed in 1 (0.6%) of 177 with spillage of only bile, and in 3 (2.9%) of 103 patients with spillage of both bile and gallstones, whereas no intra- abdominal abscesses occurred in the 697 patients in whom the gallbladder was removed intact ( P < 0.001). Intraperitoneal spillage of gallbladder contents during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with an increased risk of intra-abdominal abscess. Attempts should be made to irrigate the operative field to evacuate spilled bile and to retrieve all gallstones spilled during the operative procedure.

Bile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical diathermy.

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Electrocoagulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous erosion of a lost intra-abdominal gallstone through the back eight months following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with spillage of bile and gallstones occurs in up to 40% of patients. Several reports have recently been published describing complications related to these lost gallstones. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of this complication in our patients. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of 856 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed between 1989 and 1996 by a single surgeon was analyzed. RESULTS: The number of perforations resulting in loss of stones in the abdominal cavity was 16% (165 patients). Of these 165 patients, only a single patient could be identified as having a long-term complication. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-abdominal lost gallstones can produce complications secondary to migration and erosion. It is prudent to make a concerted effort to remove spilled gallstones by every possible means but conversion to laparotomy is not justifiable.

Abdominal Abscess↗