Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M A Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to M A Boyd.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Evaluation of methods of measuring glomerular and nutrient blood flow in rat kidneys.

In normal rats, glomerular plasma flow rates (GPF) were estimated from the uptake of microspheres, and single-nephron filtration rates were estimated by Hanssen's technique in order to calculate single-nephron filtration fractions (SNFF) for outer (C1), middle, (C2), and deep (C3) nephrons. With large microspheres (15 micron), SNFF averaged 0.19, 0.41, and 0.63, and with small microspheres (9 micron), SNFF averaged 0.25, 0.48, and 0.42 for areas C1, C2, and C3, respectively. Kidney filtration fractions (FF) averaged 0.36. Because microsphere experiments in normal rats have generally suggested that SNFF-C1 and FF are similar, we conclude that both types of microspheres overestimated outer cortical plasma flow rates, and probably underestimated inner cortical plasma flow rates. In addition, not all of the smaller microspheres were trapped in the glomeruli. Nutrient blood flow rates were estimated from the uptake of 86Rb. Values ranged from 7.3 ml/g per min in the outer cortex to 4.7 ml/g per min in the inner cortex. Because these values are very similar to measurements made by several other techniques, we conclude that 86Rb uptake adequately estimates cortical blood flow. Medullary blood flow estimates, however, increased with time and were probably too high.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A correlation study of diet, oral hygiene and dental caries in 457 Canadian children.

The interrelationship of diet, oral hygiene and caries was evaluated. Of the sample size of 457 children, 234 were in grade 1 and 223 grade 7. Five-day diet surveys were obtained, followed by clinical examinations for oral hygiene and caries. One examiner, using mouth mirror, explorer and extraoral light, conducted the caries examination. From the diet surveys, refined and total carbohydrate consumption was calculated per day; between meals, at meals, and totaled for the day. Five-day totals, which included one weekend, were recorded along with frequency of eating per day and for the 5-day periods. Computer analysis revealed no significant correlation between the diet variables and caries or oral hygiene indices and caries. The children with high caries indices did not have the poorest oral hygiene nor consume the most carbohydrates. Similarly, the children with low caries indices did not have the cleanest teeth nor consume lesser amounts of carbohydrates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Intrarenal mechanisms of salt retention after bile duct ligation in rats.

In order to study renal salt-retaining mechanisms during the early stages of ascites formation, rats were subjected to bile duct ligation. After this procedure, plasma volumes were found to be reduced and hematocrits slightly increased. The whole-kidney glomberular filtration rate and plasma flows were reduced to 59 and 57% of control values, but the filtration fraction was unchanged. Absolute sodium excretion, as well as the fraction of the filtered sodium load excreted, was also significantly reduced. When micropuncture techniques were used to examine the function of single superficial nephrons, the glomerular filtration rate in these nephrons was found to be reduced to 70% of controlled values, and fractional reabsorption was found to be increased at all accessible sites along the nephron. Filtration by intermediate and juxtamedullary nephrons, determined by Hanssen's technique, was reduced to 55 and 48% of control values. By the use of radioactive microspheres, it was demonstrated that blood flow to superficial, intermediate, and juxtamedullary nephrons was reduced to 49, 59, and 73% of control values. Filtration by superficial nephrons decreased much more than plasma flow--a finding which suggests that the measured increase in fractional reabsorption was associated with an increase in the superficial nephron filtration fraction. From this study, it appears that two factors play an important part in the sodium retention observed in the initial stages of ascites formation following bile duct ligation in rats: (a) a decrease in the filtered sodium load and (b) increased fractional reabsorption by the superficial nephrons--the nephrons which show the least decrease in filtration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The individual who is severely and persistently mentally ill: directions for research and practice.

Psychiatric mental health nursing has not invested time and resources in the care of those with severe and persistent mental illness. In this article, current nursing research is reviewed and practice/research directions are delineated in the following areas: acute and chronic manifestations of symptoms, behavioral manifestations related to institutionalization, responses to psychiatric disorders over time, the long-term effects of psychotropic medication on behavior, and the impact of physical illnesses on psychiatric disorders. Knowledge is sorely needed in all of these areas to improve the nursing care of those persons with severe and persistent mental illness.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integration of psychosocial rehabilitation into psychiatric nursing practice.

Psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) is one of the leading approaches in care of persons with mental illness and is redefining treatment in mental health delivery systems. This approach was initiated by families and consumers who were frustrated with the inadequacies of most mental health systems to provide support and meaningful social and interpersonal experiences for those with severe and persistent mental illness. Now, an interdisciplinary body of knowledge is being developed. Nursing has an opportunity to participate in the development of PSR models. This article describes the principles and concepts of PSR and proposes that nursing begin integrating nursing care into PSR through the use of the Reed process model.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Education in primary prevention in psychiatric-mental health nursing for the baccalaureate student.

The concept of primary prevention is discussed, as it has traditionally and recently been used in reference to mental health and mental illness, as an introduction to the description of a course concerned with primary prevention in psychiatric-mental health nursing. The course, developed for senior baccalaureate nursing students, included both a didactic and a clinical component, is reviewed and the evaluation outcomes are discussed. The paper concludes with a call for nursing to enhance its concern for prevention of mental illness and promotion of mental health.

Curriculum↗