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Biomedical subjects

M A Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to M A Boyd.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Phase II study of aclarubicin in acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Aclarubicin is a new anthracycline antibiotic that produces substantially less cardiotoxicity in animals that does doxorubicin. Based upon prior Phase I and II trials in leukemia, a Phase II study in acute myeloblastic leukemia was developed to assess the response rate and toxicity in previously treated patients. Forty patients received aclarubicin 100 mg/m2 per day X 3 with repeated course on days 14-16 if marrow hypoplasia was not produced. Complete responses were achieved in 27.5% (11/40) with durations of 1.5, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3+, 4, 5+, 32+, 33+, and 34+ months. Toxic effects of this therapy included severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting, mucositis, and diarrhea. No patient developed significant changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction, as measured by radionuclide angiography, or any clinical cardiac symptoms. Alopecia was minimal. Aclarubicin can produce a significant response rate in previously treated patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and should be considered for study in initial therapy.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1987

Effects of immediate introduction of indirect vision on performance and posture.

When students are taught psychomotor skills in the mandibular arch and transfer to the maxillary arch, there is a continued desire to depend upon direct vision, which results in early acquisition of poor postural habits. This study examined differences in psychomotor performance between dental students beginning with direct and indirect vision exercises. The investigation was conducted in a preclinical Performance Simulation Laboratory that allowed a high degree of accuracy in the evaluation of operator posture. No significant differences in performance were found between the groups. Within group variances indicated that there was a more uniform transition from maxillary to mandibular preparations than from the lower to upper arch preparations. Analysis of the postural data showed no significant relationship to the quality of cavity preparation, but indicated that student posture was better for the arch in which they first learned. The study was unable to substantiate the assumption that mirror management is better taught after direct vision skills are learned.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of rDNA alpha-2 interferon (INTRON A) in patients with multiple myeloma utilizing an escalating induction phase.

Twenty previously treated patients with multiple myeloma were treated with rDNA human alpha-2 interferon (INTRON A) in a phase II trial. Patients received an induction phase of therapy consisting of 3-100 X 10(6) IU/m2 iv given every other day pending myelosuppression. Patients then received 10 X 10(6) IU/m2 three times a week sc. In patients not responding to the iv and sc protocol, prednisone (20 mg orally) was given with each dose of INTRON A to determine whether additional responses could be produced and whether toxicity could be reduced. During the sc phases of therapy, INTRON A was escalated pending hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. Three partial remissions were achieved in patients receiving the initial iv/sc therapy, and one additional patient responded when prednisone was added (durations of remission, 5, 6, 8, and 9 months). Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxic effect in both the iv and sc phases of therapy. Constitutional symptoms (flu-like) were seen in the majority of patients, but were tolerable. With the utilization of prednisone, flu-like symptoms were reduced in frequency and degree. Escalation of the dose of INTRON A was possible in the majority of patients when prednisone was added; however, only one patient (of seven) responded to combination therapy. INTRON A can produce remissions in 20% of patients with previously treated multiple myeloma. No improvement in the response rate was achieved utilizing a high-dose induction program. Although the dose of INTRON A could be escalated when prednisone was added, the response rate was not enhanced.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Phase II study of aclarubicin in patients with lymphoma.

Aclarubicin, a new anthracycline antibiotic with less cardiotoxicity relative to doxorubicin, was utilized in 33 patients with advanced lymphoma at a dose of 100 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. Five patients developed partial response (2, 2, 2, 4, and 8+ months). None of the patients who had received prior anthracycline responded to aclarubicin. The dose-limiting toxic effect was hematologic. One of ten patients having serial measurements of cardiac function had a significant reduction in left ventricular function, but cardiac symptoms did not occur.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1983

First-year experience with a performance simulation system.

Providing a preclinical learning environment for the undergraduate dental student that is realistic and representative of the clinical setting has been a concern to dental teachers. This article describes a system that provides consistency in the optimal relationship of the operator and patient while emphasizing a balanced postural position. The dental simulator provides an approach that is transferable to all aspects of clinical dental treatment. The student is involved in a learning experience that serves as a basis for future behavior that is consistent with comfort and efficiency in the delivery of dental care.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

A structured interview for dental school admissions.

The Dental Admission Test Committee of the Canadian Dental Association developed a structured interview instrument for use in the admission process in Canadian dental schools. The interview was structured to elicit standardized information concerning a candidate's personality with regard to motivation, self-appraisal, maturity, ability to relate, adaptability, principles (ethics), sense of responsibility, and personal reaction. In a pilot study for the 1980 admission cycle, the interview was used in the admission process at the University of British Columbia and the University of Alberta. Interrater reliability was established and factor analysis performed. All subsections of the interview loaded on the same factor, indicating that the use of a composite score is preferable to the use of subscores in the assessment process. Validity studies will be performed when the accepted candidates have progressed in their dental careers.

Canada↗
PubMed1980

Interpretation and use of the dental admission and aptitude tests.

Despite the fact that all dental school applicants in Canada are required to take the Dental Aptitude Test (DAT) and their counterparts in the United States take the Dental Admission Test (DAT), there is an apparent lack of understanding in the translation and application of the information provided by the test. A review of the literature might assist admissions committee members in interpreting DAT results and in making more sound decisions in selecting students, To put the information into perspective, a brief overview of the history of the DAT, its composition, underlying concepts, and the problems of validation and guidelines for its use are presented.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1980

Prediction of preclinical operative dentistry performance in two instructional methods.

This study evaluated the accuracy of manual and academic variables in predicting preclinical operative technique performance. In addition, it tested and compared two teaching methods and their effects on performance outcomes. Simple correlations and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. Although correlations were low, they were significant for predicting performance using the Perceptual Motor Ability Test (PMAT) of the Dental Admission Test (DAT). The treatment of the two groups showed that students with low or average two dimension (2D) scores on the PMAT benefited from an alternate teaching method in the preclinical operative technique course.

Clinical Competence↗