Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Louis Ricard.
[structure: see text] The bisphosphinite 4 incorporating two 7-phosphanorbornene subunits is an efficient ligand for the Rh-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of functional alkenes in terms of rate and enantioselectivity. This type of structures is readily accessible by [4 + 2] cycloaddition of phospholes with dienophilic alkenes and can be easily fine-tuned.
Reaction of a tetraphenyl-1,2-diphosphinyl dianion with [FeCl2(THF)1.5] or [Ru(COD)(acac)2] yields dianionic complexes which further react with Ph3SnCl to afford the corresponding bis(1,4-diphosphabutadiene) complexes.
Stepwise electrochemical reduction of the complex fac-[Mn(Br)(CO)(3)(tmbp)] (tmbp = 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-biphosphinine) produces the dimer [Mn(CO)(3)(tmbp)](2) and the five-coordinate anion [Mn(CO)(3)(tmbp)](-). All three members of the redox series have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic data provide valuable insight into the localization of the added electrons on the (carbonyl)manganese and tmbp centers. In particular, the formulation of the two-electron-reduced anion as [Mn(0)(CO)(3)(tmbp(-))](-) also agrees with the analysis of its IR nu(CO) wavenumbers and with the results of density functional theoretical (DFT) MO calculations on this compound. The strongly delocalized pi-bonding in the anion stabilizes its five-coordinate geometry and results in the appearance of several mixed Mn-to-tmbp charge-transfer/IL(tmbp) transitions in the near-UV-vis spectral region. A thorough voltammetric and UV-vis/IR spectroelectrochemical study of the reduction path provided evidence for a direct formation of [Mn(CO)(3)(tmbp)](-) via a two-electron ECE mechanism involving the [Mn(CO)(3)(tmbp)](*) radical transient. At ambient temperature [Mn(CO)(3)(tmbp)](-) reacts rapidly with nonreduced fac-[Mn(Br)(CO)(3)(tmbp)] to produce [Mn(CO)(3)(tmbp)](2). Comparison with the analogous 2,2'-bipyridine complexes has revealed striking similarity in the bonding properties and reactivity, despite the stronger pi-acceptor character of the tmbp ligand.
The reduction of the phosphacobaltocenium salt [CoCp*(2,5-PC(4)tBu(2)H(2))](+)[BPh(4)](-) (3; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) by magnesium in tetrahydrofuran (THF) furnishes the stable air-sensitive phosphacobaltocene [CoCp*(2,5-PC(4)tBu(2)H(2))] (4) in yields of up to 80 %. The crystal structure of 4 shows long Co-C(alpha) and short C(alpha)-C(beta)bonds in the phospholyl ligand, consistent with a semi-occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) having a" symmetry. A combined Amsterdam density functional (ADF)/photoelectron spectroscopic study, which confirms this assignment, gives ionisation energies (IE) of 5.02 eV from the SOMO and 8.89 eV from the phosphorus "lone pair". A comparison of cyclovoltammograms for 3 and the corresponding cyclopentadienyl complex [CoCp*(1,3-C(5)tBu(2)H(3))](+) [BPh(4)](-)(5) shows that replacing a CH group by an sp(2) phosphorus atom results in an anodic first reduction potential shift of 0.29 V.
Reduction of a solution of octamethylcyclo-di(m-silylphenylenedisiloxane) 4 in THF on a potassium mirror leads to EPR/ENDOR spectra characterized by a large coupling (approximately 20 MHz) with two protons, similar to the spectra obtained after reduction of the m-disilylbenzene derivative 5, consistent with a localization of the extra electron on a single ring of 4. The spectra recorded after reduction of 4 at low temperature in the presence of an equimolar amount of 18-crown-6 exhibit couplings of approximately 10 MHz with four protons and indicate that embedding the counterion in crown-ether provokes the delocalization of the unpaired electron on the two phenyl rings of 4. The measured hyperfine interactions agree with those calculated by DFT for the optimized structure of 4(.-). Direct information on the structure of this anion is obtained from the X-ray diffraction of crystals grown at -18 degrees C in reduced solutions containing 4, potassium, and crown ether in a THF/hexane mixture. Both DFT and crystal structures clearly indicate the geometry changes caused by the addition of an electron to 4: the interphenyl distance drastically decreases, leading to a partial overlap of the two rings. The structure of 4(.-) is a model for an electron transfer (ET) transition state between the two aromatic rings. The principal reason for the adoption of this structure lies in the bonding interaction between the LUMO (pi orbitals) of these two fragments; moreover, the constraints of the macrocycle probably contribute to the stabilization of this structure.
The kinetics of the reaction of PhPdI(AsPh(3))(2) (formed via the fast oxidative addition of PhI with Pd(0)(AsPh(3))(2)) with a vinyl stannane CH(2)[double bond]CH[bond]Sn(n-Bu)(3) has been investigated in DMF. This reaction (usually called transmetalation step) is the prototype of the rate determining second step of the catalytic cycle of Stille reactions. It is established here that the transmetalation proceeds through PhPdI(AsPh(3))(DMF), generated by the dissociation of one ligand AsPh(3) from PhPdI(AsPh(3))(2). PhPdI(AsPh(3))(DMF) is the reactive species, which leads to styrene through its reaction with CH(2)[double bond]CH[bond]SnBu(3). Consequently, in DMF, the overall nucleophilic attack mainly proceeds via a mechanism involving PhPdI(AsPh(3))(DMF) as the central reactive complex and not PhPdI(AsPh(3))(2). The dimer [Ph(2)Pd(2)(mu(2)-I)(2)(AsPh(3))(2)] has been independently synthesized and characterized by its X-ray structure. In DMF, this dimer dissociates quantitatively into PhPdI(AsPh(3))(DMF), which reacts with CH(2)[double bond]CH[bond]SnBu(3). The rate constant for the reaction of PhPdI(AsPh(3))(DMF) with CH(2)[double bond]CH[bond]SnBu(3) has been determined in DMF for each situation and was found to be comparable.
Transient 2-phenyl-3,4-dimethyl-5H-phosphole reacts at 150 degrees C with aldehydes RCH=O to give the corresponding [4 + 2] P-O cycloadducts with endo- (major) and exo-R-substituents. The cycloaddition with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes takes place both at the C=O (major) and C=C bonds. Upon heating under reduced pressure, the benzaldehyde cycloadduct dissociates to give back the 2H-phosphole, which either dimerizes, is trapped by diphenylacetylene, or is deprotonated by (t)BuOK.
[reaction: see text] An efficient entry to the fully elaborated skeleton of vinigrol is described. The installation of the desired stereochemistry at C(12) and the construction of the eight-membered ring were achieved in one operation by a remarkably facile anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement of Z-isopropenyl isomer 24.
A [1,5] shift protocol transiently hindering the 2-position of phospholide anions provides an access to sterically unencumbered phospharuthenocenes and the first phospharuthenocene-phosphine.
1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-1,2-dihydrodiphosphetene 1 reacts with lithium or sodium naphthalenide to afford the corresponding dianionic salts 2 and 3. An X-ray crystal structure analysis shows that dianion 3 of general formula [(1)2-2Na3(DME)2, Na(DME)3] is a polymeric structure consisting of [(1)2-2Na3(DME)2] units which are connected together through one sodium atom. Reaction of the dianionic lithium salt 2 with [Pt(COD)Cl2] affords the 4[Li(2.2.1)]2 complex, after the addition of 2 equiv of (2.2.1) cryptate. The overall geometry around platinum in 4[Li(2.2.1)]2 can be described as distorted square planar, and only the diastereomer (1-R, 2-S, 3-R, 4-S) is formed. X-ray data indicate that no delocalization takes place within each platinadiphospholene unit and that complex 4[Li(2.2.1)]2 must be regarded as the coordination of two molecules of dianion 2 onto a Pt2+ center. Reaction of the dianionic sodium salt 3 with 1 equiv of [Pt(COD)Cl2] produces the 4[Na(DME,Et2O)]2 complex which adopts a pseudotetrahedral geometry around platinum ( between interplane angles = 35), the two cationic units [Na(DME, Et2O)] being located along a C2 axis. Four weak interactions exist between the sodium cations and the phosphorus atoms. Only the (1-S, 2-S, 3-S, 4-S) diastereomer is formed. Bond distances in the diphospholene units of 4[Na(DME,Et2O)]2 are close to that of dianion 3 indicating that, like in 4[Li(2.2.1)]2, the complex can be described as a platinum (+2) dianionic species.
A palladium(II) complex of a S-P-S pincer ligand featuring a metallated ylidic P-atom efficiently catalyzes the coupling between pinacolborane and various iodoaryls to yield the corresponding arylboronic esters (TON between 5100 and 76,500).
Reaction of thulium diiodide with substituted phospholide and arsolide salts respectively afforded stable bis(phospholyl)- and bis(arsolyl)thulium(II) complexes, that were characterised by multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystal structures, thus showing the beneficial effects of the steric and electronic properties of crowded phospholyl and arsolyl ligands for the stabilisation of divalent thulium.
MeO-NAPhePHOS represents the first example of a new series of atropisomeric diphosphines bearing heterotopic biaryl moieties. The key step of its synthesis is the diastereoselective, intramolecular, Cu(I)-promoted coupling of 1-iodonaphthol and 2-iodo-3-methoxyphenol connected by a chiral tether. (R,R)-2,4-Pentanediol is used as the chiral auxiliary in this highly selective reaction that leads to a single enantiomer of the title diphosphine. In the Ru-promoted hydrogenations of carbonyl derivatives, NAPhePHOS affords enantioselectivity levels fully comparable to those of the C(2)-symmetrical analogues, BINAP and MeO-BIPHEP respectively, thus showing that the lack of C(2) symmetry is not detrimental to the catalytic properties of atropisomeric ligands in these hydrogenation reactions.
The rational design of the organic ligand allows to finely tune the degree of delocalization of mixed-valence Prussian blue-like molecules.
A new methodology for the synthesis of 1-P-functionalized phosphole-2,5-dicarboxylic acids is described. The carboxylic group is introduced through a two-step sequence which involves a preliminary attack of the phospholide unit onto CO(2) followed by a [1,5]-shift reaction of the CO(2)Li group around the phosphole nucleus. This approach was extended to the preparation of a new type of bidentate ligands. [reaction: see text]
Herein we describe in detail the bonding properties and electrochemical behavior of the first known triosmium carbonyl clusters with a coordinated redox-active ligand 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-biphosphinine (tmbp), the phosphorus derivative of 2,2'-bipyridine. The clusters investigated were [Os(3)(CO)(10)(tmbp)] (1) and its derivative [Os(3)(CO)(9)(PPh(3))(tmbp)] (2). The crystal structures of both clusters are compared with those of relevant compounds; they served as the basis for density functional theory (DFT and time-dependent DFT) calculations. The experimental and theoretical data reveal an unexpected and unprecedented bridging coordination mode of tmbp, with each P atom bridging two metal atoms. The tmbp ligand is formally reduced by transfer of two electrons from the triangular cluster core that consequently lacks one of the metal-metal bonds. Both 1 and 2 therefore represent 50e(-) clusters with a coordinated 8e(-) donor, [tmbp](2-). The HOMO and LUMO of 1 and 2 possess a predominant contribution from different pi*(tmbp) orbitals, implying that the lowest energy excited state possesses a significant intraligand character. This is in agreement with the photostability of these clusters. DFT calculations also predict the experimentally observed structure of 1 to be the most stable one in a series of several plausible structural isomers. Stepwise two-electron electrochemical reduction of 1 and 2 results in dissociation of CO and PPh(3), respectively, and formation of the [Os(3)(CO)(9)(tmbp)](2-) ion. The initially produced radical anions of the parent clusters, in which the odd electron is predominantly localized on the tmbp ligand, are sufficiently stable at low temperatures and can be observed with IR spectroelectrochemistry. The electron-deficiency of the cluster core in 1 permits facile electrocatalytic substitution of a CO ligand by tertiary phosphane and phosphite donors.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.