Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Li Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Li Wang.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Preparation and characterization of anti-human IL-15 monoclonal antibody].

AIM: To prepare monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) and identify its characterization. METHODS: The GST-IL-15 was extracted from the gene-engineering bacteria E. coli and identified by SDS-PAGE. The gel strip containing GST-IL-15 was cut off to immunize BALB/c mice. The splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with Sp2/0 myeloma cells by a routine method and the hybridomas were selected in HAT medium. The hybridoma cells secreting specific antibody were detected by ELISA and cloned by limiting dilution. The stability of the obtained hybridoma cells and the specificity of anti-hIL-15 mAb the hybridoma cells secreted were identified. In addition, the New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the rhIL-15 inclusion body protein (rhIL-15IBP) to prepare the polyclonal antibody (pAb) against hIL-15. A sandwich ELISA was established with the anti-IL-15 mAb and pAb as coating and sandwich antibodies, respectively, to detect hIL-15. RESULTS: One hybridoma cell line which could stably secrete specific mAb was obtained. A sandwich ELISA for detecting rhIL-15 protein was established and its sensitivity was as low as 10 microg/L. CONCLUSION: The anti-hIL-15 mAb was prepared successfully. A sandwich ELISA for the detection of hIL-15 was established.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Purification of colorectal cancer-associated antigen by immuno-affinity chromatography].

AIM: To purify and characterize the colorectal cancer-associated antigen from cultured colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: The colorectal cancer cell lines that highly expressed the associated antigen were selected by flow cytometry with five specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) CYL1-5. Western blot was used to determine the binding ability of five mAbs to the associated antigens released from colorectal cells lysed with single or triplex-detergent, respectively. The mAb with highest binding ability was employed as the ligand for the immuno-affinity chromatography. The antigens purified through immuno-affinity chromatography were identified by Western blot. RESULTS: The associated antigens were highly expressed on the colorectal cancer cell lines Hce-8693. The binding ability of mAb CYL-2 to the antigen was higher than that of CYL-1, CYL-3-5. The purified associated antigen binding to mAb CYL-2 was a heterodimer composed of two subunits with relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 60 x 10(3) and 70 x 10(3), respectively. CONCLUSION: The purified associated-antigen binding to mAb CYL-2 was obtained from the colorectal cancer cell line Hce-8693 through immuno-affinity chromatography with mAb CYL-2.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2004

[Human genetics of physical performance].

Development of human molecular genetics gradually revealed that certain people seem to have congenital capacity in physical performance, and this capacity may correlate with genes. Recently, more and more evidences have shown that genes control some physical characters, such as extreme motion, muscle strength, endurance, ductility, fatigue recovery, and VO2max, ect. The development of spaceflight in China and nation defence urgently require appearance of this study, and its application will help to find physically potential individuals in advance and save large amount of money in the later systematic training.

Exercise↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of lung protective ventilation strategy on pulmonary inflammatory response in a rabbit model of acute respiratory distress syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of lung protective ventilation strategy on pulmonary inflammatory response in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: The ARDS rabbit model was duplicated by saline alveolar-lavage. The rabbits were divided into six groups: (1) normal control group (N group); (2) ARDS group (M group); (3) low-volume with best end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, A group) group: tidal volume (V(T)) 6 ml/kg, PEEP 2 cm H(2)O greater than the pressure of lower inflection point in pressure-volume curve (P(LIP)); (4) normal-volume with best PEEP group (B group): V(T) 6 ml/kg, and PEEP P(LIP) + 2 cm H(2)O; (5) low-volume with high PEEP group (C group): V(T) 6 ml/kg, and PEEP 15 cm H(2)O; and (6) high-volume with zero PEEP group (D group): V(T) 20 ml/kg. Lung wet/dry weight ratios (W/D) were recorded to evaluate lung injury. After 4 h of ventilation, lung homogenates were prepared to detect nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay (EMSA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung homogenates were also assessed. RESULTS: After 4 h ventilation, W/D in A group (5.6 +/- 1.1) were significantly lower than those in B group, C group and D group (6.6 +/- 0.8, 6.6 +/- 1.0, 6.9 +/- 1.0, all P < 0.05). But there was no difference between A group and M group (5.8 +/- 0.5). NF-kappaB activity was the highest in D group, and that in A group was 331 +/- 113, which was decreased significantly as compared with B, C and D groups (455 +/- 63, 478 +/- 74, 645 +/- 162, all P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-10 and their concentrations in lung homogenates in A group were lower than those in B, C and D groups. In A group, the concentrations of MPO and MDA in lung homogenates were significantly lower than those in B, C and D groups. CONCLUSION: Lung protective ventilation strategy can inhibit lung inflammation and may improve lung injury in ARDS, but low tidal volume with high PEEP may increase lung inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Distribution and characters of soil dry layer in north Shaanxi Loess Plateau].

Based on a whole survey and detailed analysis in artificial Robinnia pseudoscacia forestland, distribution and characters of dry layer in soil were studied in north Shaanxi Loess Platea. The results showed that soil dry layer was distributed universally from south to north in Loess Plateau, which can be classified into four zones according to the dryness: 1) In southern gully zone represented by Ziwu Ridge and Huanglong Moutain in Yijun County, the soil dry layer was gentle, so if the appropriate measures were taken and water-saving facility were available or in water-abundant year, the shortage of soil water could be alleviated; 2) In northern gully zone represented by Fuxian and Huangling County, light soil dry layer occurs and was getting worse and we should pay close attention to this; 3) In the large hill and gully zone, serious dry layer appears, it could be subdivided into south, west and north plots. In south plot represented by Yanan and Yanchang County the dry layer was moderate; in west represented by Wuqi and Ansai County the dry layer was severe; in north represented by Suide and Mizhi County the dry layer was disastrous; 4) In the windy sand zone represented by Shenmu County, since the precipitation decreased drastically and seriously sandy, very grave soil desiccation appeared. Also, soil dryness showed apparent horizontal differences with rainfall and the apparent vertical gradient in small hill area.

Ecology↗
PubMed2004

Effects of electroacupuncture on learning, memory and formation system of free radicals in brain tissues of vascular dementia model rats.

In order to observe the regulative effect of electro-acupuncture on the formation system of free radicals in the brain tissues and learning and memory in vascular dementia (VD) model rats, the Morris's water labyrinth was used for testing the learning ability and memory in VD model rats made by 4-vessel occlusion method, and the activities or contents of nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined. Results showed that the mean escape latency in the electro-acupuncture group was markedly reduced in place test, and the times swam the place of the plate-form in the original plate-form quadrant were significantly more than those in the rest three quadrants in spatial probe test as compared with the model group. In the electro-acupuncture group and the nimodipine group the contents of NO and MDA and the activity of NOS were decreased, while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased. It is indicated that electro-acupuncture can modulate the production and clearance of free radicals, and improve the ability of learning and memory of the VD model rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Relationship of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in gastric carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Methylenetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism modifies enzyme activity and thus effects the level of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-MTHR), which correlates with the tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This study was to evaluate the effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on chemosensitivity and toxicity to 5-FU in patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 75 patients with histologically confirmed advanced gastric carcinoma were included. All patients received 5-fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Two milliliters of peripheral blood was extracted from each patient before treatment. PCR-RFLP was used to determine the genotypes of MTHFR, including wild-type homozygotes (C/C), heterozygotes (C/T), and mutant homozygotes (T/T). RESULTS: C/C genotype presented in 24 patients (24/75, 32.0%), C/T genotype presented in 33 patients (33/75, 44.0%), and T/T genotype presented in 18 patients (18/75, 24.0%). Total response rate of chemotherapy was 29.3%, among which 22 with partial response, 29 with no change, and 24 with progressive disease. Response rate in patients with T/T genotype (20/24, 83.3%) was significantly greater than either that in patients with C/C genotype (2/24, 8.3%) (Chi2=24.01, P< 0.001), or that in patients with C/T genotype (5/33, 15.2%) (Chi2=22.7, P< 0.001). There was no difference of response rate between C/C and C/T genotypes (Chi2=0.6, P=0.439). Multiple variances logistic regression analysis (adjusted for gender, age, chemotherapy regimens, and adjuvant chemotherapy factors) showed that the probability of chemotherapy work on patients with combination of C/C and C/T genotypes was 0.017-fold to that in patients with T/T genotype (95% CI ranging from 0.003 to 0.102, P< 0.001); incidence of treatment-related side effects, vomiting and nausea, was significantly greater in latter patients than in former patients (Chi2=12.264, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: MTHFR C677T polymorphism can predict the effects and toxicity of 5-fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Determination of clonidine in rabbit plasma by HPLC-MS].

AIM: To determine clonidine in rabbit plasma by LC-MS. METHODS: The LC-MS system consisted of Waters Alliance 2790 HPLC and Micromass ZQ-4000 MS. The HPLC was performed by using XTerra C18 (150 mm x 2.1 mm ID, 5 microm). The mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile/ammonium hydrogen carbonate solution, was maintained to a flow-rate of 0.2 mL x min(-1) and the linear gradient elution was adopted. Mass spectrum was obtained by using electrospray ionization interface and the m/z of SIM was 230. RESULTS: The average recovery was high and the method was reproducible. The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 1 - 80 microg x L(-1), the lowest limit of detection was 0.05 microg x L(-1). The Cmax, AUC0-t, and Tmax value of the pharmacokinetics parameter were (27 +/- 9) microg x L(-1), (5,352 +/- 1,121) microg x L(-1), (79 +/- 17) h. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the method had high sensitivity, good selectivity, accuracy and precision. It is used to determine the clonidine concentration in plasma. The transdermal patch can deliver clonidine to the surface of rabbit skin stably for periods of up to 1 week after a single application.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

[Review and analysis of 283 cases of Kawasaki disease].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to review the cases of Kawasaki Disease (KD) and analyze the clinical features especially their cardiac complications. METHODS: Totally 283 patients with KD were hospitalized from 1992 to 2002. Their clinical features and factors associated with increased risk of coronary artery aneurysms were reviewed. RESULTS: (1) Among the 283 KD patients, 186 were male and 97 were female. The male-female ratio was 1.9:1. Most of them (71%) were younger than 3 years old. Seasonal peak was in spring and summer (from May to Aug). Depending on the criteria of KD, 228 (81%) were diagnosed as typical KD and 55 (19.4%) were atypical KD. All patients had fever, lasting for 6.1 days. The most common clinical features were oral mucosal changes (97.5%) and cervical lymphadenopathy (95.4%), conjunctivitis (91.2%). And changes in the extremities (89.8%) and rash (81.5%) were also noted. (2) Before the treatment, coronary artery abnormalities were seen in 103/279 (36.9%), which occurred within 4 - 30 days of fever onset. Two weeks after intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) treatment, the new cases of coronary artery abnormalities were 28/211 (13.3%). The prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) with KD was 4.7%. The risk factors of CAA were male cases (P < 0.05) and fever lasting longer than 9 days (P < 0.05). Other cardiac abnormalities in acute phase included left atrial and ventricular enlargement (40/279, 14.3%) and changes in ECG (57/274, 20.8%). The pericardial effusions were found in 11 cases (3.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac complications of KD occurred in the early period of KD. The new cases of coronary artery abnormalities were 13.3% after IVIG treatment. The risk factors of CAA included male cases and fever lasting for longer time.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

[Morphologic characteristics of cornea in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy observed by confocal microscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the image of corneas with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy using confocal microscopy in vivo. METHODS: Central corneas of 38 eyes (19 patients aged 33 approximately 76 years) were examined using scanning slit confocal microscopy in vivo after being diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. They were divided into two groups namely symptomatic (19 eyes) and asymptomatic (19 eyes). The control group comprised of 30 normal eyes. The images were analyzed visually for morphology of corneas and the densities of cells, as well as the diameter of the guttae and the corneal nerves were counted by NAVIS software. RESULTS: (1) In the symptomatic groups, confocal microscopy revealed guttae in 19 eyes. The diameter of the guttae ranged from 20 to 60 micro m. The density of endothelial cells was statistically significant compared with the control group (t = 18.74, P < 0.01). Descemet's membrane was thickened in 9 eyes. Dark bands 6.0 approximately 10.8 micro m in diameter were detected in 14 eyes. All eyes showed a diffuse increased light reflection in the stroma.17 eyes exhibited an abnormal Bowman's layer: multiple focal bright reflection. 10 eyes revealed normal corneal nerves. The differences between posterior and anterior keratocyte densities in the control and study groups were not statistically significantly different (t = 0.854, 1.173; P = 0.38, 0.24 respectively). (2) In the asymptomatic groups, less number of guttae could be seen in the endothelial layer. The diameter of the guttae was 15 approximately 40 micro m. The densities of endothelial cells were not significantly different compared with control group (t = 1.998, P = 0.053). Other layers of the cornea exhibited no other abnormal phenomenon. The densities of endothelial cells between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were statistically significantly different (t = 8.352, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic characteristics of cornea are observed by confocal microscopy in Chinese patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. Preliminary results demonstrate that there is no significant difference between Chinese and western patients. Confocal microscopy allows to diagnose Fuchs dystrophy and visualize endothelial cells within the swollen cornea. And it is especially useful for patients whose endothelial cells can not be seen with non-contact specular microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of sustained inflation on inflammatory response of extra pulmonary organs in acute respiratory distress syndrome in rabbit].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of sustained inflation (SI) on inflammatory response of extra pulmonary organs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rabbit. METHODS: The ARDS rabbit model were replicated by saline alveoli-lavage. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: 1. normal group; 2. ARDS group; 3. low-volume(V(T)) + best end-expiratory pressure group (LVBP): V(T) 6 ml/kg, PEEP 2 cm H(2)O(1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa) greater than the pressure of lower inflection point in pressure-volume curve (Pinf); 4. SI group: same settings as LVBP group plus SI performed every hour. After 4 hours of ventilation, liver and intestine homogenates were prepared to assay tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin(IL)-10 levels by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and their mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at the same time. RESULTS: In SI group, TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the liver and intestine tissues (24.82+/-7.88 and 25.06+/-10.57) were decreased significantly compared with ARDS (36.88+/-6.83 and 36.48+/-8.23) and LVBP groups (42.34+/-8.55 and 37.59+/-10.63, all P<0.05). The expression of IL-10 mRNA in the liver and intestine of rabbits in SI group (17.31+/-5.72 and 10.90+/-3.30) was lower than that of ARDS (24.64+/-3.85 and 24.31+/-7.69) and LVBP group (25.03+/-9.38 and 21.83+/-7.34, all P<0.05) significantly. In SI group, the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in liver and intestine tissue were similar to that of the other groups. The contents of MPO and MDA had no difference compared with the other groups too. CONCLUSION: SI can down-regulate inflammatory mediator expression of extra-pulmonary organs in rabbits with ARDS, and it may inhibit the inflammatory response in extra pulmonary organs.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Neither the tumor necrosis factor alpha-308 A/G polymorphism nor the alpha2-macroglobulin polymorphism was associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese population.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. It is a complex and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could prevent or delay the onset of LOAD suggesting inflammation may be involved in AD. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent immunomodulator and it might increase the production of amyloid beta(Abeta), which makes it an appropriate AD candidate gene. Alpha2 macroglobulin (A2M) is a serum protease inhibitor and a major low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) ligand. It can bind Abeta and mediate its clearance and degradation, suggesting it might be another AD candidate gene. In the present study, we analyzed the a 5 bp Ins/Del polymorphism of A2M gene (A2M-2), TNF alpha-308 A/G polymorphism and apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms of 67 sporadic late-onset AD patients and 142 normal elderly controls in the Chinese population. Our data showed that the APOE epsilon4 allele frequency in AD was significantly higher than that in the normal controls (chi2 = 11.66, P < 0.01) neither the frequencies of genotypes nor alleles of the TNF alpha-308 A/G and A2M polymorphisms were significantly different between AD and controls,suggesting the two polymorphisms were not risk factors to LOAD in Chinese.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Compariative study of mitochondrial tRNA gene sequence and secondary structure among fifteen Predatory birds].

Three major clusters of mitochondrial tRNA genes (tRNA(Ile) -tRNA(Gln) -tRNA(Met), tRNA(Trp)- tRNA(Ala) -tRNA(Asn)- tRNA(CYs) -tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(His) tRNA(Ser)(AGY) -tRNA(Leu)(CUN) from 13 species of Predatory birds were amplified and sequenced. The length of these tRNA clusters was similar among species (212 approximately 214 bp, 353 approximately 362 bp, 205 approximately 208 bp, respectively), and 47% of the sequences were variable, 67% of which were involved in the loop regions. The stem regions were relatively conserved, and the variable base pairs were under the restriction of compensatory changes or G-U wobble pairing which could be regarded as mechanisms for maintaining a stable secondary structure. Maximum-parsimony (MP) and Neighbor joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using all the tRNA gene sequences or stein-forming nucleotides with Caprimulgus indicus as outgroup. We found that the bootstrap values for branches of trees using the tRNA sequences were commonly higher than the others, therefore the phylogenetic relationship of Predatory birds reflected by these data may be closer to the truth. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Accipitridae was closer to Strigidae instead of Falconidae, and the classification of Tytonidae was different from the conclusion from the previously morphological and DNA-DNA hybridization studies. By comparing the secondary structure among taxa we found that the characters of nucleotide insertions and deletions in some tRNA genes have synapomorphies, suggesting that these characters may be useful for resolving the phylogenetic relationship of different families in Predatory birds with higher phylogenetic performance.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical study on application of bailing capsule after renal transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe and assess the immunosuppressive effect of applying bailing capsule (BLC, a dry powder preparation of Cordyceps sinensis mycelia), after renal transplantation, its influence on other systems of organism, and to explore the possible therapeutic mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one recipients of renal homo-allograft were randomly divided into two groups. The 64 cases in Group A was treated with cyclosporin A (Cs A) + prednisone (pred) + azathioprine (Aza), the 57 in Group B treated with Cs A + pred + BLC. They were followed-up for 1-2 year by checking up blood routine, urine routine, liver and renal function, blood electrolytes, glucose and lipids, and uric acid for 2 times every week in the first month after transplantation, followed by proper re-examination of these items according to various condition. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in aspects of graft survival rate, occurrence of reject reaction, renal function recovery, blood electrolytes and blood glucose levels. However, as compared with Group A, in Group B, levels of urinary erythrocytes and leucocytes, blood alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, uric acid as well as the incidence of infection were significantly lower, and blood high density lipoprotein, serum total protein, albumin, RBC and WBC count were significantly higher. CONCLUSION: BLC could effectively prevent the reject response after renal transplantation, protect renal and liver function, stimulate hemopoietic function, improve hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia, reduce the infection, etc., therefore, it is an ideal immunosuppressor after organ transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of fine organic particulate matter from Chinese cooking.

PM2.5 samples were collected by a three-stage cascade impactor at two kinds of Chinese restaurants to characterize fine organic particulate matter from Chinese cooking sources. Major individual organic compounds have been quantified by GC/MS, including series of alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanals, alkan-2-ones and PAHs. Alkanes and ketones make up a significant fraction of particle-phase organic compounds, ranging from C11 to C26, and C9 to C19, respectively. In addition, other organic compound classes have been identified, such as alkanols, esters, furans, lactones, amides, and nitriles. The mass concentrations of fine particles, alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and PAHs in air emitted from the Uigur style cooking are hundreds times higher than ambient PM2.5 in Beijing.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2004

[Digital model of human lower extremity musculature based on CT & MRI].

A new method to reconstruct comparatively complete muscle model of human lower limb from CT and MRI data is presented. Topological structure of more than fourteen muscles is built and the coordinates of origin and insertion points are given. Based on this model, straight-line model and centroid-line muscle model are acquired. Muscle force prediction is discussed according to the model reconstructed, and a multi-objective optimization method is put forward for evaluating muscle forces of human lower extremity.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Population pharmacokinetic model of valproate and prediction of valproate serum concentrations in children with epilepsy.

AIM: Using sparse data of valproate (VPA) serum concentrations to build a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of VPA in Chinese children with epilepsy and to predict serum concentrations for new patients using a Bayesian approach. METHODS: Two hundred epileptic children, whose VPA serum concentrations were collected, were divided randomly into two groups (A and B, n=100 each). The PPK parameter values of group A were calculated to establish a PPK Model by using the NPEM Program of USC*PACK software. Based on it, VPA serum concentrations of group B were predicted with the Bayesian Fitting Program of the USC*PACK software. To assess the accuracy and precision of prediction, a paired-comparisons t-test was run between predicted and observed concentrations, and then the mean prediction error (MPE), mean square prediction error (MSPE), root mean square prediction error (RMSPE), and coincidence rates for different percentages of prediction error were all calculated. RESULTS: Optimum PPK parameters were: Ka, 2.522+/-2.743 h(-1); Vs, 0.329+/-0.496 L/kg; and Kel, 0.0438+/-0.0384 h(-1). For group B, there was no significant difference between predicted and observed concentrations. MPE was -0.43 mg/L, MSPE was 115.40 (mg/L)2, and RMSPE was 5.47 mg/L. The coincidence rates for percentages of prediction error, which were less than 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 %, were 62 %, 74 %, 82 %, 85 %, 89 %, and 93 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: A PPK model of VPA in epileptic children was successfully established. Based on it, VPA serum concentrations can be predicted accurately with a Bayesian approach.

Adolescent↗