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Biomedical subjects

L Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to L Solomon.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Osteoarthritis of the hip: the patient behind the disease.

Previous epidemiological studies suggested that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip might constitute a definable subset of the population with characteristics that predispose them to joint failure. To investigate this possibility a comparative study of somatotype, bone density, disc degeneration, polyarticular joint degeneration, and soft-tissue calcification was carried out in 3 groups of individuals: (1) patients presenting with OA of the hip; (2) patients with acute femoral neck fracture; (3) healthy controls. OA of the hip was rare in patients with femoral neck fracture; conversely, patients with coxarthrosis did not have the low values for bone density seen in the fracture group. There were significant differences in somatotype in the 2 patient groups; 94% of those with OA were endomorphic mesomorphs. Polyarticular OA occurred with the same prevalence in the 2 groups of women, but among males there was a significantly greater involvement of knees and hands in the OA group than in the fracture group. The highest incidence of joint calcification was found in the fracture group and the lowest in the OA group. It was concluded that patients with OA of the hip form a definable subset of the general population. Within this group the appearances of hip OA are determined by 3 interacting factors: mechanical stress, cartilage degeneration, and bone response.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The prevalence of hallux valgus in three South African populations.

The prevalence of hallux valgus and its relationship to the metatarsal angles have been assessed in females between the ages of 2 and 20 years in three populations: an urban White community, an urban Black community and a rural Black Community. By the age of 10 years the mean hallux angle is significantly greater in the White girls than in girls in the two Black groups. The angle between the first and second metatarsals is greater in the White than in the black children and this difference increases throughout childhood and adolescence. It is suggested that young White girls may be predisposed to the abnormality of hallux valgus by having significantly greater metatarsal angles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Fenbufen as a single daily dose in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Fenbufen (3(4-biphenyl-carbonyl) propionic acid) (Cinopal; Lederle) was administered as a single daily dose of 1000 mg for 4 weeks to 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. At 2 weeks, and again at the end of the trial, patients were assessed for duration of morning stiffness, number of painful and/or swollen joints, grip strength, walking time, and subjective response to treatment. Four patients failed to complete the trial, 2 because of inability to control symptoms and 2 because of severe rash attributed to the drug. The remaining 16 patients showed some improvement in most of the recorded parameters, with statistically significant reduction of morning stiffness and walking time. Apart from a maculopapular rash, which occurred in 4 patients and cleared up on stopping the fenbufen, side-effects were minimal. No patient complained of dyspepsia or epigastric pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Eosinophilic fasciitis in South Africa. A report of 2 cases.

Eosinophilic fasciitis was first described by Shulman in 1974 and is characterized by oedema of the extremities, peripheral eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and inflammation of the deep fascia. The condition has not been previously reported in South Africa. We describe 2 cases seen at the Rheumatology Clinic of the Johannesburg Hospital recently. The most striking clinical features were the marked palmar fascial thickening and oedema of the hands and feet. The latter is said to be uncommon in this syndrome and mimicked the early changes of scleroderma. Furthermore, blood eosinophilia may also occur in scleroderma. Our patients illustrated the extremely variable laboratory features in this disorder. In accordance with previous findings in the literature, visceral involvement was absent in our cases. We suggest that in patients without Raynaud's phenomenon who present with scleroderma-like changes of the distal extremities, a diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis should be excluded by a full-thickness biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

An experimental method for investigating load distribution in the cadaveric human hip.

A method for direct measurement of the local pressures in the acetabular cartilage is described. Pressure transducers were introduced into the subchondral bone and positioned there in contrast with the cartilage: the transducers were calibrated in situ. Twelve cadaveric hips were prepared in this way and the pressures were measured with the joint loaded in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and in lateral and medial rotation. The highest pressures were recorded in the anterior and posterior segments of the acetabulum; the lowest pressures were constantly found at the zenith of the joint. The relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is considered.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1981

Idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head: pathogenesis and treatment.

The classic features of idiopathic femoral head necrosis - increased roentgenologic density, the subchondral crescent-fracture and distortion of the femoral head - are now known to be late manifestations of the disease. The early changes have been studied prospectively in 34 patients receiving corticosteroids in high dosage and 11 patients with femoral head necrosis attributed to alcohol abuse. In five patients with unilateral femoral head necrosis, intraosseous pressure studies and core biopsy were carried out on the apparently unaffected side. The earliest pathologic changes were a relative increase in cancellous bone fat at the expense of myeloid tissue, swelling and necrosis of the fat cells, and variable areas of cell death in the trabeculae. All of these were fairly widespread throughout the proximal femur. Intraosseous pressures were raised, suggesting the presence of venous stasis. Fat cell size was measured in undistorted femoral heads with osteonecrosis and in a comparable series with osteoarthritis. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in fat cell size and a virtual absence of sinusoids in histologic sections from those with osteonecrosis. It is posited that idiopathic osteonecrosis results from the following sequence: fatty accumulation and replacement of myeloid tissue, followed by compression of vascular sinusoids, venous stasis, ischemia, fat necrosis and then bone necrosis. The earliest stages in this chain of events are clinically asymptomatic and produce no radiologic abnormality. The results of treatment by core decompression in 22 hips are discussed. This is an effective prophylactic measure in all early cases and it has a place even in the management of more advanced cases, especially if the patient is considered too young for hip arthroplasty.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of the prevalence of hallux valgus in three South African populations.

The prevalence of hallux valgus and its relationship to the metatarsal angles and the shape of the foot have been assessed in women over 50 years of age from three populations: an urban White community, an urban Black comunity, and a rural Black community. Hallux valgus was significantly more common in the Whites than in either of the Black groups; there was no significant difference in the prevalence in rural and urban Blacks. Likewise, the angle between the first and second metatarsals was significantly greater in White women (mean 10,80 degrees) than in Black women (mean 8,21 degrees for urban Blacks and 7,05 degrees for rural Blacks). From this study it could be deduced whether the increased metatarsal angle was the cause of the more frequent appearance of hallux valgus in White women.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1980

Relationship among reproductive variables, sucrose taste reactivity and feeding behavior in humans.

Magnitude-estimation of sucrose pleasantness and sweetness, and feeding behavior, were investigated in female and male college students. The subjects were individually tested five times over a five-week period. Female test intervals were scheduled to include the menses, pre-ovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The data were analyzed by gender, length of menses, and phase of the menstrual cycle. The results of these analyses were consistent for both the sucrose taste reactivity tests and feeding tests. Male and long-menses females exhibited similar response patterns; and their pattern was significantly different from that of the short-menses females. The mean log pleasantness ratings of the males and long-menses females were significantly smaller than those of the short-menses females. Furthermore, both long-menses females and males behaved similarly in a time-limited surreptitious feeding test. They consumed significantly more food than did short-menses females. Phase of the menstrual cycle did not alter pleasantness reponse patterns, but there was one phase effect in the feeding tests. Luteal phase intake of short-menses females was elevated relative to that of the menses phase. These findings demonstrate that reproductive variables participate in the control of human regulatory behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Giant congenital neuroid melanocytic nevus.

A patient with a variety of nevus cell nevi, a congenital giant melanocytic nevus, abnormal facies, vascular anomaly of the leg, and mental retardation was examined. The patient also had neuroid elements within the giant nevus that led to the consideration of neurofibromatosis. Because neurofibromatosis is a genetically determined condition with tissue different from the neuroid elements seen in giant nevi, the two conditions are considered to be different entities. Malignant transformation of congenital giant pigmented nevi occurs, although the incidence of such transformation remains a subject of controversy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus precluding myomectomy.

Two cases of symmetrical uterine enlargement, with widespread involvement of the myometrium by innumerable leiomyomata, mainly of small and microscopic size, are reported. This unusual leiomyomatous enlargement of the uterus precludes myomectomy. A review of the literature revealed only 3 previous cases of this condition. The designation of diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus is proposed. The pathogenesis and differential diagnosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Erythropoietin-dependent primary pure erythrocytosis.

We investigated the pathogenesis of isolated erythrocytosis of 14 yr duration in a 28-yr-old man. The increase in red cell mass was attributed to increased erythropoietin production. An extensive search for recognized causes of secondary erythrocytosis was unrevealing. Family members were found to be hematologically normal. After reduction of the circulating red cell mass by 20%, erythropoietin activity nearly quadrupled, thus suggesting a normal erythropoietin response to phlebotomy. When bone marrow cells of the patient were cultured in plasma clots in the absence of added erythropoietin, endogenous erythroid colony formation was observed, a pattern previously believed to be specific for polycythemia vera bone marrow cells. Our observations suggest that the erythrocytosis in this individual is best explained by an abnormal "servoregulatory" mechanism of erythropoietin production. In addition, this is the first instance in which the rule that endogenous erythroid colony formation is correlated with the diagnosis of polycythemia vera has not held.

Adult↗