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Biomedical subjects

L Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to L Solomon.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Distinct types of hip disorder in Mseleni joint disease.

Painful arthropathy of the hips is common in the black population around Mseleni in northern Kwazulu. Despite considerable variability in clinical and radiographic appearance, the disorder has always been regarded as a single entity. This study addressed the possibility that 'Mseleni joint disease' embraces more than one condition. In a survey of 1659 people in the Manguzi Health Ward, 60 km north of Mseleni, 126 were reported to have hip pain and/or impaired walking ability; 92 of these subjects were examined radiographically. Osteo-arthritis (OA) of the hips was found in 33 cases, the prevalence increasing with age to over 16% in those aged over 60 years. In most cases the OA was associated with two distinct abnormalities: protrusio acetabuli, which affects mainly females and increases in frequency with age, and hip dysplasia, which has a constant frequency with age. The protrusio disorder is fairly common among women of other black populations and is attributed to environmental factors. The hip dysplasia is unique to the population around Manguzi; it is part of a generalized condition indistinguishable from multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which is a known genetic disorder.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

Histomorphometric analysis of a calcaneal stress fracture: a possible complication of fluoride therapy for osteoporosis.

Pain and swelling of the large joints of the lower limbs occur in about 33% of patients receiving sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D therapy. In a previous study we described radiographic and scintigraphic features suggesting that these symptoms are due to juxtaarticular stress fractures. We now report the histologic features of one such lesion in a calcaneum of a patient receiving fluoride, calcium, and 1 alpha-vitamin D therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone biopsy after tetracycline double labeling showed a trabecular fissure fracture and large intratrabecular resorption cavities surrounded by microcallus. Comparison of the static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters in the calcaneum with those in the simultaneously taken iliac bone biopsy showed a marked regional acceleratory phenomenon in the calcaneum that we ascribe to the microfractures. It cannot be said with certainty whether the microfractures resulted from the osteoporosis, the vitamin D, or the sodium fluoride therapy.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1986

Use of an endothelial monolayer on a vascular graft prior to implantation. Temporal dynamics and compatibility with the operating room.

The temporal sequence of events was examined from initial contact of endothelial cells (ECs) to Dacron until the establishment of a monolayer. Cultured human adult ECs were radiolabeled, seeded onto Dacron, and adherence was quantified after vigorous washing. Firm adherence of 70% of the seeded ECs was seen by 2 hours to untreated Dacron, by 30 minutes to Dacron pretreated with a combination of interstitial type I/III collagen and an amnion-derived basement membrane (Type IV) collagen surface, and by 10 minutes to plasma-coated Dacron. Parallel samples were examined morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the adherence of ECs to surfaces. ECs seeded onto plain Dacron exhibited limited adherence, while cells on plasma-treated Dacron exhibited limited cell-cell associations. On basement membrane-treated Dacron, by 30 minutes the ECs exhibited a flat attenuated morphology, completely covering the graft surface. This time-frame is compatible with most vascular procedures, making an immediately endothelialized graft feasible.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Affect availability, tolerance, complexity, and modulation in psychoanalysis: followup of a longitudinal, prospective study.

Evaluation of 22 patients in supervised psychoanalysis showed that affect availability and tolerance changed in a positive direction during the course of psychoanalysis. In this study, we have defined criteria of change that can be clinically observed. The changes observed were present one year following the completion of psychoanalysis. Ratings of analysts' and patients' interviews, and ratings of psychological tests all revealed that patients had derived "therapeutic benefit" in relation to affect experience and management. Discriminations were made among changes in affect modulation, which reflected both loosening and tightening of controls, changes in affect availability, changes in experience of painful affects, and changes in experience of affect complexity. Analysts' interviews and psychological test data reflected notable changes in affect modulation in the direction of increased control, while patients' interviews more often reflected changes in the direction of increased expressiveness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Verapamil in bipolar illness.

The authors report two cases of Bipolar Affective Disorder which were responsive to Lithium therapy in the past, but could no longer be treated with Lithium due to hyperparathyroidism in the first case and noncompliance in the second. In both cases, successful control of hypomania was achieved with Verapamil, but treatment of depression required the addition of Trazodone. The rationale for employing a calcium channel blocking agent, such as Verapamil, in bipolar illness is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the patella secondary to chondroblastoma. Case reports.

Three cases of aneurysmal bone cysts secondary to chondroblastoma of the patella are described. This association is not particularly uncommon, but its occurrence in the patella is unusual. Treatment consists of curettage and bone grafting; however, if the patella is grossly enlarged or distorted, patellectomy is preferable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Trabecular stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis.

Joint pain and swelling in patients on fluoride therapy are generally attributed to rheumatic phenomena; however, their occurrence exclusively in the lower limbs suggests a mechanical cause. Eight patients receiving daily doses of sodium fluoride 1.09 mg/kg, elemental calcium 1 gm, and vitamin D 1000-2800 units for osteoporosis spontaneously developed 17 episodes of periarticular pain and swelling in the lower limbs. Radiographs taken within two weeks of the onset of pain were negative, but when repeated 4-6 weeks later showed features of healing stress fractures in the periarticular cancellous bone at the following sites: distal femur (2) proximal tibia (3), distal tibia (6), calcaneum (6). Bone scintigraphy was positive on five occasions, two before radiographic signs had appeared.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Mechanisms of idiopathic osteonecrosis.

Bone death is always due to a disparity between the oxygen need of the bone cell and the ability of the local circulation to supply that need. As with infarction anywhere else, this can be brought about either by interruption of the arterial supply or by occlusion of the venous drainage, resulting in stasis and gradual oxygen starvation. In this article, these mechanisms and the events surrounding them are discussed, and the pathogenetic pathways linking the various clinical disorders with osteonecrosis are explored.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1984

Bone changes after alcohol abuse.

In this study bone morphometric findings in 19 heavy or moderate drinkers are compared with those in 43 non-drinkers (22 non-osteoporotic patients with osteo-arthritis (OA) and 21 osteoporotic patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Transiliac bone biopsy specimens were examined for assessment of trabecular bone volume and thickness, bone resorption and formation, osteoid seam length and width and the mineralization front by quantitative histomorphometry and microradiography. Trabecular bone volume and thickness were significantly diminished in the drinking group when compared with those in the 22 non-drinking patients with OA (P less than 0,005 and P less than 0,0001 respectively). Bone formation was significantly lower in the drinkers than in the OA group (P less than 0,0005), and bone resorption was significantly greater in the drinkers than in the OA (P less than 0,005) and FNF (P less than 0,01) groups. In heavy drinkers bone formation was significantly lower (P less than 0,05) than in moderate drinkers. The extent of the mineralization front was significantly lower in the drinking group than in the OA (P less than 0,005) and FNF (P less than 0,0005) groups. Osteoid seam length and width did not differ in the three groups. The presence of abnormal liver function test results did not significantly affect any of the parameters. It is concluded that alcohol abuse is associated with: (i) uncoupling of bone resorption and bone formation; (ii) reduced trabecular bone volume and thickness; and (iii) a mild mineralization defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence of hallux valgus in South African males.

The prevalence of hallux valgus and its relationship to the metatarsal angles have been assessed in South African males from two Black communities and one White community. After the age of 11 years there is a small increase in the metatarsal angle of White males, but this remains within the normal range. In comparison with White females, who seem to be predisposed to the disorder of hallux valgus, neither White nor Black males show a significant increase in hallux angles after adolescence. Males of all ages and race groups seldom develop clinical hallux valgus, and this apparent resistance to the deformity is associated with a minimal increase in the metatarsal angle, and therefore in the width of the foot.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Occurrence of glioblastoma multiforme in three generations of a cancer family.

We report a cancer family in which glioblastoma multiforme occurred in each of three successive generations and strictly in the paternal lineage. The pedigree is consistent with an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, and this conclusion is supported by the incidence of other tumors within the family. Ten of the 23 blood relations of the proband have developed cancers (43.5%), and 5 of these have been breast carcinomas. The clinical importance of the cancer family syndrome is discussed, as is the relevance of genetic factors in the expression of the neoplastic phenotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pathogenetic types of coxarthrosis and implications for treatment.

It is postulated that the variable clinical and radiological appearances of coxarthrosis are related to its pathogenesis and are important in deciding the choice of treatment. In a study of 150 patients the hip disorder was classified according to the presence or absence of some local anatomical defect which could predispose to mechanical overload, and also according to the presence or absence of some primary disorder which could cause cartilage degeneration. In addition, new bone formation and remodelling were assessed: this reparative response was most marked in joints with anatomical abnormalities ("hypertrophic OA") and least evident in those with previous inflammatory disease ("atrophic OA"). This study suggested that the behaviour of coxarthrosis is determined by three interacting factors: (1) cartilage degeneration, (2) excessive mechanical stress, and (3) the reparative bone response. The prognosis of the various types and the implications for treatment are discussed. Where anatomical abnormalities and mechanical features are dominant, cartilage loss is at first localised, remodelling is usually good and the hip can stabilise; in these cases osteotomy is often successful and prosthetic fixation is likely to remain secure. Where inflammatory and degenerative features predominate, reparative new bone formation is minimal and progression is more rapid; osteotomy is much less likely to be effective in these cases.

Hip Joint↗
PubMed1983

Relationship between finger and wrist deformities in rheumatoid arthritis.

The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that there is a significant correlation between the position of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal angulation in the common rheumatoid hand deformities. Measurements were carried out on radiographs of the hand from 2 comparative groups: 67 patients (134 hands) with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and a control series of 50 adults (100 hands) attending the routine fracture clinic. Rheumatoid patients were unselected and included those with a variety of hand deformities. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between finger and wrist deformities in patients with RA but not in the normal controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ender nail fixation for intertrochanteric fracture.

Fifty patients were treated with Ender nails for intertrochanteric hip fractures. The simplicity of the operative technique, the early bone healing and the low morbidity and mortality rates makes this the most suitable method for patients with stable fractures, and for all critically ill patients.

Bone Nails↗