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Biomedical subjects

L Simon

Publications and source records attributed to L Simon.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Observations on neurotic traits in the college teacher.

Karen Horney's theory of neurosis formation as a way of managing basic anxiety was discussed in relation to the college professor. It is suggested that the modern classroom with its large number of negativistic and unprepared students creates massive anxiety for the teacher. The professor's response is often the adoption of a style of neurotic defense. Three such styles of neurotic defense were explicated and discussed. Finally, the use of several principles derived from dynamic psychology were discussed in the light of the help they could provide the beleaguered college instructor.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of NPT 15392 in vitro on human leukocyte functions.

NPT 15392 (Erythro-9 (2-hydroxy-3 nonyl) hypoxanthine), a novel heterocyclic immunomodulatory compound, was analyzed over a broad concentration range on a variety of human blood leukocyte functions in vitro. NPT 15392 augmented mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation in a variable fashion; lymphocytes from 9 of 24 individuals showed significant stimulation with phytohemagglutinin at 0.01 microgram/ml of NPT 15392, and 3 of 14 and 3 of 3 showed similar augmentation with concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen, respectively. NPT 15392 above 10 microgram/ml inhibited mitogen responses and did not itself stimulate cell division. NPT 15392 also augmented responses of lymphocytes to antigenic stimulation with Candida and Staphylococcus antigens, purified protein derivative, and allogeneic cells in a variable manner. When observed, stimulation occurred at 0.01-1 microgram/ml of NPT 15392 for Candida and Staph. and at 0.01 microgram/ml with PPD and allogeneic cells. NPT 15392 (0.01-1 microgram/ml) consistently induced suppressor cell function alone and in combination with concanavalin A. This effect is apparently mediated by T lymphocytes since suppression was not mediated by interferon, prostaglandin or histamine. In addition, NPT 15392 (0.01-10 microgram/ml) significantly augmented "active" T cell rosettes. NPT 15392 over a broad concentration range and in the presence and absence of interferon did not stimulate natural killer cell activity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The data indicate that NPT 15392 is a modulator of such T lymphocyte functions as proliferative response to antigen and mitogen, suppressor activity and receptor display. Such activities imply potential therapeutic use in immunodeficiency related to defects of the thymus and thymus-derived lymphocytes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Mononuclear phagocytes, prostanoids and rheumatoid arthritis.

We describe a new, simple procedure for obtaining and studying mononuclear phagocytes from inflammatory synovial fluid. The viability and functional characteristics of these macrophages have been carefully checked. This technique has been used to evaluate the macrophagic synthesis of prostaglandins in 16 patients with evolutive rheumatoid arthritis. Significant amounts of prostaglandins, mainly PGE2 and TxB2, are released and increased after zymosan administration. The three tested prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TxB2) responded in a similar manner. The in vitro PG biosynthesis and the number of harvested adherent cells are negatively correlated with the synovial fluid volume but positively correlated with the disease activity. In fact, we found an heterogeneity among the analyzed macrophages; these can be divided into two populations with marked differences in their PG biosynthesis. The one with the highest synthesis corresponded to the more severe disease.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Oesophagitis in Italian and Hungarian asymptomatic subjects.

It is known that chronic inflammatory phenomena of the gastric mucosa fairly often occur in asymptomatic subjects. Starting from this fact, the authors decided to investigate possible non-symptomatic oesophageal inflammatory lesions referable to oesophagitis and any other digestive and/or systemic pathology. Furthermore it was also intended to ascertain the possible existence of geographical differences. 108 subjects, 65 Italians and 43 Hungarians, were studied. The endoscopic examination revealed congestion of the lower third of the oesophageal tract in 5 Italians out of 65, whereas all the Hungarians presented normal oesophageal findings. The histological examination showed inflammatory lesions in 13 Italians and 10 Hungarians. The incidence of lesions was higher in the fifth and the sixth decade of life. The results suggest that oesophageal inflammatory lesions are fairly frequent in asymptomatic subjects, with no significant differences between the two groups considered; the role of the histological bioptic investigation in the diagnosis of oesophageal inflammatory lesions is underlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[The hemophilic femoropatellar joint].

The knee is the joint most frequently involved in haemophilia. Femoro-tibial damage in chronic arthropathies has been perfectly described. By contrast, lesions of the patella (with the exception of "squaring") have been reported in only a few scanty publications. An attempt was made to define the characteristics by clinical and radiological study (including in addition to lateral films, an analysis of 30, 60 and 90 degrees axial views, even though these were often made difficult by flexion deformity and joint limitation). Femoro-patellar involvement was seen to be very frequent with various lesions: rarely "squaring", and more often patellar erosions or femoro-patellar incongruence (either pre-existing dysplasia or secondary to haemarthrosis) and sometimes actual incarceration (described as "locked patella" by anglo-saxon authors). These concepts are left to have practical consequences in the management of physiotherapy, synoviorthesis and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Mononucleated phagocytes from rheumatoid synovial fluid. Synthesis of prostanoids and first pharmacological applications].

An original and easily reproducible technique for isolating and culturating mononucleated phagocytes from rheumatoid synovial fluid was used by the authors to study the synthesis of PGE2, PGF alpha 2 and TxB2 by macrophages taken from 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The functional importance of these macrophages was evaluated by comparing their ratios of prostaglandin synthesis. PGE2 and TxB2 are released in large quantities and are increased after stimulation with zymosan. Two distinct cell populations having different biochemical characteristics were identified from these macrophages based on their capacity to synthesize prostaglandins. Prostaglandin synthesis was correlated with the clinical progression of rheumatoid arthritic disease as evaluated by Lee's index and the time required to loosen up morning joint stiffness in these patients. No correlation was found between prostaglandin synthesis and the quantity of synovial fluid in the affected joint. The first results of a pharmacological study evaluating the activity of non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs using this experimental model are presented here. The addition of indomethacin to culture medium produces dose-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma lipoperoxides and aging. Critical assessment of the thiobarbituric acid method for the measurement of lipoperoxides and malondialdehyde.

Thiobarbituric acid reactive products were measured in plasma of 66 normal subjects ranging from 19 to 92 years of age. A significant correlation (r = 0.54, p less than 10(-6) was formed between the level of these metabolites and the age of the subjects. As a matter of fact this method analyzes two kinds of substances from two different origins, free malondialdehyde or lipid peroxides. These two fractions were identified by extracting lipids using Folch's method and leaving all free malondialdehyde in the plasma (95.6 +/- 11.8% recovery for a known amount added to the plasma). Plasma analysis prior to and after extraction showed that thiobarbituric acid reactive products were lipid peroxides for 74.8 +/- 4.3%, the remainder being free malondialdehyde. The origin of these two fractions is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Rehabilitation and algodystrophies].

Based on 20 years experience, and a personal series of 272 cases of reflex dystrophy (84 cases involving upper limbs, 188 cases involving lower limbs) admitted under a rheumatology unit equipped with all the available techniques of rehabilitative medicine, the authors stress the value of well conducted functional rehabilitation which, even alone, can obtain excellent results in the treatment of this disease, whatever the stage. The authors detail the modalities of this treatment. A local intra-articular or intra-canal injection of corticosteroids permits pain-free physiotherapy. The mobilisation of the lower limb is an urgent priority. Non-aggressive physiotherapeutic techniques should be adapted to the stage and the site of reflex dystrophy. Hydrokinesitherapy and the adaptation of craft techniques to occupational therapy also play an important part.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed1981

[Fasting urinary excretion of calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline in relation to creatinine. Normal values and correlations with 24-hour urine values (author's transl)].

The ratios to creatinine of calcium (Ca/Cr), phosphorus (P/Cr) and hydroxyproline (HOP/Cr) were determined in samples of urine collected during a 2-hour period in fasting subjects. Normal values (mean +/- s.d.) of Ca/Cr (0.134 +/- 0.067), P/Cr (0.048 +/- 0.15) and HOP/Cr (0,017 +/- 0,007) obtained in 50 healthy subjects were in agreement with those previously reported by Nordin. The 2-hour urine collection is technically simpler than the conventional 24-hour urine collection, does not expose to the errors inherent in minuted urine collection and provides more information on bone diseases.

Bone Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1981

Enhanced cell killing and mutagenesis by ethylnitrosourea in xeroderma pigmentosum cells.

It was shown previously that following treatment with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) SV40-transformed cells from xeroderma pigmentosum patient XP12RO, complementation group A remove O6-ethylguanine from their DNA 2 to 3 times more slowly than do such cells from a normal individual (GM637), but that each of the several other DNA adducts studied are removed at the same rate by both cell lines. If O6-ethylguanine contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effect of ENU, a population which can excise this lesion more rapidly than another during the posttreatment period should exhibit a higher survival. We compared these two cell lines for survival of colony-forming ability following exposure to ENU. XP12RO-SV40 cells proved approximately 3.5-fold more sensitive than GM637. To extend this study to non-transformed diploid human fibroblasts, we compared the survival of cells derived from normal individuals (NF) with that of fibroblasts from several XP patients: XP12BE (group A), XP7BE (group D), and XP4BE (an XP variant). The survival curve of NF, XP7BE, and XP4BE cells, but not XP12BE cells, exhibited a distinct shoulder. The slope of the survival curve for XP12BE cells was 3-fold steeper than that of the exponential part of the curve for NF; the slope of the curve for XP7BE cells, 2-fold steeper; and that of XP4BE cells, 1.7-fold steeper. This enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed in XP12BE cells treated with methylating agents such as methylnitrosourea or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. We compared NF and XP12BE cells for sensitivity to the mutagenic action of ENU and found approximately 3-fold higher frequencies of 6-thioguanine resistant mutants in the XP cells. This result is expected if the XP cells are slower than normal in excising O6-ethylguanine and if this adduct is mutagenic. When we compared the frequency of mutations induced by ENU and u.v. radiation at doses which caused equal cell killing, ENU was 4-fold more efficient a mutagen than u.v.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1981

[Osteoarticular manifestations of brucellosis. Current aspects].

The authors report 118 cases of brucella osteoarthritis, of which 61 were observed over the last ten years. The most frequent localisations are spinal (53.4%), sacro-iliac (34.5%) and coxofemoral (15.5%). The clinical aspects are not very specific. The general signs, frequent during coxitis and to a lesser degree in spondylodiscitis, are rare during sacro-iliac involvement. The radiological appearance is mainly characteristic in the spine. The diagnosis is usually made in the laboratory, depending on a search for specific antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity tests. Treatment requires the use of intra-tissular and intra-cellular penetrating antibiotics (tetracycline and rifampicin) administered for a long period. The course usually leads to a cure without sequelae.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of the manner of the response to chemotherapy on the prognosis of myeloma. Preliminary study].

The tumor mass regression following the first course of treatment (T1), the time to greater than or equal to 50% tumor regression (TR 50%) and the time to maximum regression (t) were assessed in 29 out of 55 multiple myelomas (MM) successfully treated with alkylating agents. According to t, TR 50% and T1 values, 3 distinctive categories of responsive patients were separated: 1) fast responsive patients (= t less than or equal to 2 months, 48% of cases); 2) intermediate responsive patients (= 3 less than t or 12 months, 38%); 3) and slow responsive patients (= t greater than 12 months, 14%). The first remission duration was shown to be highly related to t (p less than .001), TR 50% (p less than .01) and T1 (p less than .05), the shortest remissions being observed in fast responsive patients. In relapse, the tumor doubling time (TD) was correlated with t, TR 50% and T1 (p = .05), the shortest TD being observed in fast responsive patients. It was shown that pure Bence-Jones and hypercalcemic myelomas were the fastest responsive patients.

Aged↗