Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Sann

Publications and source records attributed to L Sann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in urine of newborn infants.

Gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) was measured in the urines obtained from 11 full-term infants, 48 pre-term infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 25 small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants. Separation was performed by high resolution anion exchange chromatography. The results were similar in both AGA and SGA infants. During the first 3 days of life, urinary GLA mean (and range) was 1.66 (0.34-4.60) in the low birth weight infants versus 0.88 (0.26-1.38) in the full-term infants and 0.76 (0.62-1.15) mumol . kg-1 X 24 h-1 in the control adults. In the low birth weight infants, urinary GLA fell from 2.79 (0.61-5.75) at age 1-3 days, to 1.55 (0.26-4.04) mumol/24 h at day 8 (p less than 0.01); it then rose again slowly to 2.12 (0.65-3.93) mumol/24 h at day 45. In these infants there was no correlation between urinary GLA excretion and birth weight or gestational age, or urinary hydroxyproline or serum alkaline phosphatase. Despite the well-known reduced blood levels of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors in neonates, these results show that urinary GLA excretion is at least similar to the excretion in adults. These data suggest that these neonates can carboxylate glutamic acid and that the newborn infant has a high bone turnover.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Evolution of serum prealbumin, C-reactive protein, and orosomucoid in neonates with bacterial infection.

The simultaneous changes in serum prealbumin, orosomucoid (alpha-acidglycoprotein, AGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated in 36 newborn infants with septicemia (n = 20), meningitis (n = 10), arthritis (n = 5), and peritonitis (n = 1). In 29 patients with a favorable outcome the values for serum prealbumin and CRP showed a rapid return toward normal: in 2 to 3 days serum prealbumin increased by 84% from the basal value and remained at (mean +/- 1 SD) 0.11 +/- 0.02 gm/L. Serum CRP decreased from 85 +/- 75 mg/L (range 0.15 to 206 mg/L) to 49 +/- 64 mg/L (2 to 210 mg/L) at 3 to 4 days of evolution and to normal values at day 13 to 16. The changes in serum orosomucoid values were slower, from 1.33 +/- 0.75 gm/L to 1.16 +/- 0.75 gm/L at day 13 to 16, with normalization after 20 to 30 days. Serum orosomucoid values returned to the normal range with the clinical improvement. In some patients the orosomucoid/prealbumin ratio decreased earlier than the serum orosomucoid concentration. Seven patients died, and in four of these in whom at least three values could be determined serum CRP and orosomucoid remained very high, whereas serum prealbumin did not increase or subsequently decreased. These data show an inverse change in serum CRP and prealbumin concentrations in infected neonates. The immediate decrease in CRP reflects the effect of treatment, whereas the later decrease in serum AGP parallels the clinical course of the infection. Thus the determination of these proteins can help to guide the treatment of infection in newborn infants.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Hyperammonemia in hypoglycemic preterm neonates.

Plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and ammonia were measured simultaneously in 44 newborns a few hours after birth. When the concentration of plasma glucose was below 30 mg/dl, plasma ammonia concentration was significantly higher (129 +/- 67 mumol/l) than in normoglycemic infants (74 +/- 33 mumol/l; p less than 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen was slightly lower in hypoglycemic infants (3.65 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) than in the control group (4.5 +/- 1 mmol/l) but the difference was not significant. These data show that hyperammonemia can be associated to hypoglycemia in low birth weight infants. Therefore, further investigations are required to determine the link between urea and glucose production rates in hypoglycemic newborns and whether hyperammonemia participates in the deleterious effects of hypoglycemia on the neonatal brain.

Alanine↗
PubMed1983

[Prolonged curarization in the newborn infant under assisted ventilation for idiopathic respiratory distress].

We studied the effects of prolonged pancuronium administration in 10 neonates under assisted ventilation for hyaline membrane disease. Pancuronium bromide was administered from the time of intubation with a load dose of 0.1 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 0.03-0.07 mg/kg/h. Tolerance, especially cardiovascular, was excellent after 72 to 525 h of therapy (mean 173 h). Oxygen needs, incidence of mechanical complications and the general evolution of idiopathic respiratory distress were not significantly affected by muscle relaxation. The benefits of systematic pancuronium administration during respiratory intensive care in neonates with hyaline membrane disease appear to be of little value when considering the necessary constraints (corneal, cutaneous, vesical and tracheal supervision).

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed1983

Effect of hydrocortisone on intravenous glucose tolerance in small-for-gestational-age infants.

The effects of hydrocortisone (H) hemisuccinate (10 mg/kg) on intravenous glucose tolerance (1 g/kg) was studied in eight full term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and compared to seven control infants at mean age of 41 h. After H, the rate of glucose disappearance was (mean +/- SD) 0.92 +/- 0.27 vs 1.24 +/- 0.31% min in controls (p less than 0.01). Glucose space was similar after H: 449 +/- 62 ml/kg and in the control group 468 +/- 75 ml/kg. At 5 and 15 min, although higher in the H group, mean plasma glucose was not significantly different. The difference became significant at 30 min (t = 2.00; p = 0.05), 45 (t = 2.298; p less than 0.05) and 60 min (t = 2.48; p less than 0.02). Plasma insulin concentration did not change after glucose injection in the control group. After H administration, plasma insulin increased: the basal median value was less than 5 mU/ml (range less than 5-18) and at 60 min it rose to 30 mU/ml (range 7.5-89). These data suggest that in newborn infants corticoids induce a reduced peripheral uptake of glucose independent of insulin secretion.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

[Humoral factors of immunity in maternal milk. Comparison of their levels in the breast milk of mothers with premature and at-term delivery].

Eight proteins (Immunoglobulin A, G, M, C3 and C4 fractions of complement, alpha 1-glycoprotein, lactoferrin and alpha 1- antitrypsin) were measured by immuno-diffusion or laser nephelometry in 50 milk samples. Thirty nine were heated thrice at 62 degrees C for 20 minutes. Twenty six came from mothers who delivered prematurely (less than 37 weeks) and 13 from mothers who delivered at term. Eleven samples were, used to determine the effect of the heating process. There was no significative difference of the concentrations of the eight proteins between the breast milk obtained at term or prematurely, even when the comparisons were made between colostral milks or transitional milks. The heating process reduced the concentration by 47 % for IgA, more than 88 % for IgG and IgM, 41 to 74 % for the other proteins; only orosomucoid seemed little affected (-16 %). These data suggest that the heating process impairs the immunologic effect of breast milk. This effect must be particularly considered in regard to the absence of any significant difference between the milks obtained at term or prematurely.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Plasma somatostatin concentration in the preterm neonate.

Plasma somatostatin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in 26 preterm neonates (mean gestational age 34 weeks). None were seriously ill and they were all fed with breast-milk 12 h after birth. In a longitudinal study the concentrations were (mean +/- SEM): 21 +/- 2 pmol/l (n = 8) at 2-8 h of age, 24 +/- 2 pmol/l (n = 11) at the age of 2 days and 25 +/- 2 pmol/l (n = 15) at the age of 8 days. These levels were significantly higher than in 30 healthy control adults: 11 +/- 1 pmol/l (P less than 0.01). Gavage with breast milk on the 2nd day induced a significant decrease from 21 +/- 4 to 15-2 pmol/l in 60 min (P less than 0.05). This data shows that the high plasma levels in neonates correspond to the high density of somatostatin in the neonatal pancreas and digestive tract. It also indicates that somatostatin is regulated by feeding in the neonate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Effect of oral lipid administration on glucose homeostasis in small-for-gestational-age infants.

The metabolic effect of feeding with 1.3 g/kg bw lipids (67% medium chain triglycerides) was studied in 15 small-for-gestational age (SGA) term infants. It was compared to a control group of 7 SGA term infants, to 7 term infants with an appropriate birth weight (AGA) and to 7 AGA preterm infants. Plasma glucose concentration rose from (M +/- SE) 3.6 +/- 0.2 to 4.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l at 30 min in SGA term infants (p less than 0.01). A similar increase was observed in AGA term and preterm infants. The lipid load produced no change in plasma glucagon concentration but a significant increase in insulin/glucagon molar ratio was observed in AGA term infants only. In term SGA infants, the disappearance rate of glucose in plasma after the lipid load was similar to the control: 1.24% per min. The evolution of blood pyruvate and lactate concentration was not modified by the lipid load. Despite lower concentrations of free fatty acids and ketone bodies (KB) in SGA infants than in AGA term infants, the lipid load induced a 120% increase of ketone bodies in SGA infants and a 40% increase only in AGA infants. These data show that these lipids produce a hyperglycemic response in SGA infants as in AGA infants without any change of the disappearance rate of glucose. They suggest that these lipids can stimulate gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in SGA infants.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Role of maturation in the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis].

Over a 3 years and an half period, 40 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are diagnosed in a neonate unit. This represents, 1,22% of total admissions. A new notion is found out: the âge at the onset of NEC is viewed as the post-conceptional age (post-natal age added to gestational age). The cut-off period takes place at 34-36 weeks of post-conceptional age. The low birth weight newborn infants (less than 1 500 g) are significantly more concerned than the others, respectively 5,8% (13/222) and 0,8% (27/3 056). However, the inverse and significant correlation between the delay of onset of NEC and the birth weight is weak. The additional impact of feeding and blood transfusions on the role played by maturation is examined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Serum orosomucoid concentration in newborn infants.

Serum orosomucoid concentration was measured by laser nephelometry in 1970 serum samples collected from 1170 full term and preterm infants. The determinations were carried out in 1 h. Reference values are given: they show that the low levels at birth are influenced by gestational age. The concentrations increase rapidly during the first week in all infants, the adult values being reached by 10 months of age. High levels of orosomucoid concentration were detected in 85% of the infants with severe bacterial infections. Serum orosomucoid concentration proved less valuable in viral and parasitic infection. Twenty-six per cent of the sick infants without infection had a slightly elevated orosomucoid level which decreased rapidly. In the bacterial infections the evolution of serum orosomucoid concentration followed the clinical course. Thus serum orosomucoid concentration was a useful parameter for diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial infection in neonates.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

Effect of oral administration of lipids with 67% medium chain triglycerides on glucose homeostasis in preterm neonates.

Since hypoglycemic responses to medium chain triglycerides (MCT) have been reported in adults we studied the effect of an acute oral load of lipids (2,8 g/kg) with 67% MCT on glucose homeostasis in 21 preterm infants in comparison to 14 age-matched control preterm infants. A hyperglycemic response from (mean +/- SEM) 57 +/- 1.1 to 74 +/- 2.5 at 30 min (p less than 0.01) and to 80.5 +/- 2.5 mg/dl at 60 min (p less than 0.01) was observed after administration of the lipids whereas no change in plasma glucose concentration was observed in the control group. After administration of the lipids there was no change in the concentration of insulin and glucagon in plasma. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (1 g/kg) was similar in the control group and 60 min after administration of the lipids. After administration of the lipids free fatty acid concentration remained unchanged while a significant decrease from 304 +/- 56 to 199 +/- 28 muEq/l was observed in 60 min in the control group. At 60 min beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration was higher after lipid administration (630 +/- 86 mumol/l) than in the control group (436 +/- 66 mumol/l) (p less than 0.05). A more rapid decrease in blood lactate concentration was found after lipid administration than in the control group while no change in plasma alanine concentration was observed in either groups. In five additional preterm infants, plasma glucose concentration increased from 56 +/- 0.6 to 75 +/- 0.9 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) 60 minutes after gastric administration of glycerol (0.3 g/kg). These data show that in preterm infants, a lipid load with 67% TCM produces a hyperglycemic response through gluconeogenesis without changing the peripheral rate of glucose disappearance.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1981

Late evolution of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormones, calcitonin and plasma 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol concentrations in very low birthweight infants.

The plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-CC), immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitonin (iCT) were measured at the age of 30 and 66 days in thirteen preterm neonates (birthweight: 970 to 1300 g). At the age of 30 days when all infants were fed only with breast milk (BM) serum iCT and iPTH levels were normal. During the second month 7 infants were fed with BM only (control group) and 6 infants were supplemented with formula (supplemented group). At the age of 66 days, mean +/- S.D. serum iPTH concentration was higher in the supplemented group than in the control group: 169 +/- 79 vs. 60 +/- 33 microliterEq/ml (p less than 0.01). Serum iCT levels remained undetectable (less than 150 pg/ml) in both groups. Plasma 25-OH-CC concentrations were normal and similar in both groups. Serum iPTH concentrations were positively correlated with phosphorus intake and negatively correlated with calcium intake from BM only. The results suggest that secondary hyperparathyroidism can be detected in very low birthweight infants supplemented with a formula, probably because of a phosphorus load or decreased intestinal absorption of calcium.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1981

Laser nephelometry of orosomucoid in serum of newborns: reference intervals and relation to bacterial infections.

Orosomucoid was evaluated by laser-nephelometry in 1790 sera collected from 1170 newborns. Within-run precision (CV) was 2.1 to 4.2%, between-run 2.9 to 5.2%. Results correlated well with radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.989). Results can be obtained within 1 h. Orosomucoid concentrations in serum at birth range from 130 to 200 mg/L and are influenced by gestational age during the first two days of postnatal life. Thereafter, the values increase very rapidly in the first week of life, concentrations being the same as in adults by about 10 months. In 66 of 78 cases of severe bacterial infections, orosomucoid concentrations were above normal. Evidently, serum orosomucoid constitutes an useful index in diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial infections in the neonatal period.

Adult↗