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Biomedical subjects

L Sann

Publications and source records attributed to L Sann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Arm fat and muscle areas in infancy.

Growth of arm muscle, fat and water areas were evaluated longitudinally in a prospective study in 81 infants from birth to the age of 12 months. The percentage of arm fat area v the cross sectional upper arm area increased at the age of 15 days with a peak peak at the age of 6 months while arm muscle area increased progressively throughout the year. As arm water area represented only 1% of cross sectional upper arm area, calculations of arm fat and muscle areas can be carried out from measurements of mid arm circumference and tricipital skinfold at 15 seconds. Percentiles are presented for the upper arm fat and muscle areas, which can be used as index for the infants' nutritional state.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin K1 diffusion across the placental barrier in the gravid female rat.

The hemorrhagic disease of the newborn can be prevented by administration of vitamin K1. The modes of utilization of the vitamin need to be studied in the mother and child. An experimental pharmacokinetic study was conducted, using the gravid female rat. Results showed rapid intestinal absorption of phylloquinone. The fetus plasma concentration rose from 8.6 micrograms/l at time 0 to 0 to 44.3 micrograms/l at 8 h. Such an increase is an evidence of phylloquinone diffusion across the placenta. The phenomenon requires a high gradient. On the other hand, maximum plasma concentrations are not reached until the 8th hour.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of proportional growth of very low birth weight infants fed banked human milk.

Twenty appropriate (mean +/- S.D., gestational age (AGA): 29.9 +/- 1.5 weeks) and 15 small (GA: 34.6 +/- 2.4 weeks) for gestational age (SGA) very low birth weight infants fed banked mature human milk were studied until term for anthropometric parameters: midarm (MAC), chest (CC), head (HC) circumferences, triceps (TSKF) and subscapular (SSKF) skinfold thickness recorded at 15 and 60 s, dynamic skinfold (delta % SKF), muscle (AMA) and fat (AFA) areas, weight and length. In AGA infants, all the parameters at term were significantly lower in extrauterine (EUL) that in intrauterine life (IUL). At term the relative proportion of AFA to total arm area was increased in EUL compared to IUL both in AGA (25.87 +/- 3.8 vs. 23.26 +/- 1.27% respectively, P less than 0.01) and in SGA infants (21.89 +/- 4.63 vs. 18.81 +/- 3.9 respectively, P less than 0.05). SGA infants showed a similar growth in EUL compared to IUL, and a significantly lower AMA and AFA than in AGA infants in EUL. Although HC was in both infants below the 10th centile at term, the ratio weight/HC2 suggests a relative preservation of head growth in EUL compared to IUL (AGA: 20.72 less than 0.87 vs. 22.65 +/- 1.46 respectively, P less than 0.001; SGA; 20.82 +/- 1.16 vs. 21.62 +/- 1.86 respectively, NS). Delta %SKF were negatively correlated with post-conceptional age suggesting a loss of extracellular water in AGA (delta %TSKF: r = -0.287, P less than 0.02) and in SGA infants (delta %TSKF: r = -0.301, P less than 0.02; delta %SSKF: r = -0.316, P less than 0.02). An intrauterine model of discrimination between AGA and SGA infants does not apply to EUL. An equation was established in SGA infants with the best discriminant parameters giving a predictive post-conceptional age: post-conceptual age (PCA) (weeks) = 0.276 HC (cm) + 0.723 CC (cm) - 0.122 MAC (cm) + 0.5 TSKF (mm) + 10.173, (r = 0.867, P less than 0.001) allowing a clear discrimination between AGA and SGA infants. These results suggest that infants show quite different growth patterns between IUL and EUL both for AGA and SGA infants.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1987

Variations of phylloquinone concentration in human milk at various stages of lactation and in cow's milk at various seasons.

An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method was used to measure phylloquinone concentrations in human and cow's milk. Concentrations in human milk obtained serially from 10 mothers 3, 8, and 21 days after delivery were found to increase during the course of lactation. No correlation was found between phylloquinone concentration and lipids but a significant negative correlation was observed between phylloquinone and cholesterol concentrations. Determinations in cow's milk showed increased levels during the summer months. Also, levels in cow's milk were significantly higher than in human milk. Notwithstanding marked individual variations in human milk, phylloquinone concentrations in cow's milk always proved higher than in human milk. Results prompt the necessity of protecting breast-fed infants by applying relevant prophylactics measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ketogenesis in hypoglycemic neonates. Carnitine and dicarboxylic acids in neonatal hypoglycemia.

Since hypoglycemic neonates do not exhibit compensative ketosis, we investigated the possible involvement of carnitine deficiency or omega-oxidation in neonatal hypoglycemia. In a first group of 49 neonates, serum free fatty acid, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were similar in hypoglycemic and normoglycemic neonates. Serum free carnitine concentrations did not show any difference in the hypoglycemic small-for-date infants (median 40 mumol/l, range 16-92 mumol/l) compared to the normoglycemic small-for-date infants (median 30 mumol/l, range 8-64 mumol/l). In a second group of 45 neonates, urinary excretion of dicarboxylic acids (adipic, suberic, sebaric and succinic acids) was similar in hypoglycemic infants compared to normoglycemic neonates. Despite the limitations of interpretation of free carnitine determination, these data do not suggest an impaired beta-oxidation by carnitine depletion or an enzymatic defect in hypoglycemic neonates.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1986

Effects of prematurity and dysmaturity on growth at age 5 years.

Forty-two term and 106 preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 43 term and 31 preterm small for gestational age (SGA) children were observed from birth to age 5 years. Parents' weight and height were also measured in 193 subjects including 97 couples. The percentage of short children was higher in SGA (17%) than in AGA (3.4%) children (P less than 0.01). This difference was significant in the preterm but not in the term children, suggesting that early failure of growth in utero can result in reduced growth in children. The findings were similar for weight and head circumference, but microcephaly was more frequent in term SGA (30%) than in preterm SGA (6.4%) children (P less than 0.05), suggesting that late impaired growth in utero can result in poor growth of the head. Height at the age of 5 years correlated with the parents' height only in AGA children, and with length at birth in SGA children. Weight of the 5-year-old children correlated with the mother's weight only in AGA children. Multivariate analysis in 66 couples and their children confirmed a greater tendency toward the influence of parental factors in AGA children and a more significant relationship with perinatal factors in SGA children.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Serum vitamin K1 concentration and vitamin K-dependent clotting factor activity in maternal and fetal cord blood.

The serum concentration of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) was measured in 34 healthy mothers and in the arterial cord blood of their newborn infants. In addition, the activities of factor II and of factors VII plus X were determined simultaneously in 16 paired maternal and fetal bloods. The serum vitamin K1 concentration was similar to that of control subjects in 27 mothers: 9.03 +/- 4.9 micrograms/L (mean and SD), with a simultaneous concentration of 10.4 +/- 5.3 micrograms/L in cord blood. Six mothers exhibited high serum vitamin K1 concentrations from 40 to 240 micrograms/L (median, 82) and the concentration in cord blood ranged from 25 to 115 micrograms/L (median, 71). One mother had a normal concentration of vitamin K1: 9 micrograms/L while no vitamin K1 was detectable in the serum of her infant. The activity of factor II and factors VII plus X was 7% and 7%, respectively, in this infant and 100% in the mother. All other mothers showed normal factor II and factors VII plus X activity, while the median activity was 47% (28%-56%) for factor II and 65% (35%-100%) for factors VII plus X in cord blood. These data suggest that vitamin K1 can cross the placental barrier but not in every case. Therefore the systematic administration of vitamin K1 to the newborn infant seems to be required to prevent the occurrence of the hemorrhagic disease.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1985

[Recent data on cerebral circulation and metabolism of the brain in newborn infants].

Recent advances in technology have made it possible to determine cerebral blood flow and metabolism in newborn infants. The mean cerebral blood flow rate falls from 60 to 30 ml/min/100 g during the first 3 hours of life and returns to the initial value after the first week. It increases by about 30% during rapid sleep and feeding. Cerebral blood flow is independent of gestational age and represents 20-25% of cardiac output as against 16% in adults. It is influenced by blood gases and its autoregulation is impaired by asphyxia. Infants with a cerebral blood flow rate below 20 ml/min/100 g are at high risk of leucomalacia. The high metabolic activity of the neonatal brain is reflected in its considerable consumption of oxygen (54% vs 30% in adults) and ketonic bodies which participate for 10% in cerebral energy metabolism. More than 80% of the endogenous glucose is utilized by the brain of neonates despite a transport capacity lower than in adults. In neonatal pathology, it is now possible to investigate cerebral metabolism using positron emission tomography or phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy which provide for better diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of cerebral functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in newborn infants. Discriminative value of mid arm circumference and of skinfold thickness.

74 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) and 22 small-for-gestational age (SGA) caucasian infants were studied for anthropometric parameters: mid arm circumference (MAC), triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSKF and SSKF) recorded at 15 and 60 s, chest circumference (cc), head circumference, birth weight and length. MAC is highly correlated with birth weight either in AGA (r = 0.936; P less than 0.001) or in SGA infants (r = 0.860; P less than 0.001). MAC is also correlated with gestational age in AGA (r = 0.850; P less than 0.001) and SGA infants (r = 0.76; P less than 0.001). Similar correlations were found between TSKF, SSKF and birth weight or gestational age. Arm muscle and fat areas are also positively correlated with birth weight and gestational age, in AGA and SGA infants. A multiple regression analysis of our data allowed a classification of the best discriminant anthropometric parameters between AGA and SGA infants. MAC, SSKF15, SSKF60 and chest circumference were selected. An equation was established in AGA infants with these four parameters giving a predictive gestational age: gestational age (weeks) = 1.216 MAC (cm)-3.588 SSKF15 (mm) + 0.263 CC (cm) + 17.9. The ratio of predicted gestational age to the real gestational age was 1.0 +/- 0.044 in AGA versus 0.896 +/- 0.034 in SGA infants. Our data suggest that MAC and SSKF provide a simple measure of body composition of neonates and a useful tool for determining the degree of maturity of a newborn independent of birth weight.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1985

Effect of phosphate supplementation to breast fed very low birthweight infants on urinary calcium excretion, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and plasma 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentration.

The effect of two doses of Phosphorus (P) supplementation to pooled breast milk (BM): 0.48 and 0.800 mmol/kg/24 h given during the second month of life was evaluated in 22 very low birthweight infants. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus in serum and urine, the serum concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and the plasma 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentration (1,25-OH-D) were compared to the values in 19 control infants. The mean +/- SD concentrations in control infants and adults are 63 +/- 18 microliters Eq/ml for serum iPTH and 85 +/- pmol/l for plasma 1,25-OH-D. With 0.48 P supplementation, urinary Ca (UCa) excretion (median and range) 0.238 mmol/kg/24 h (0.105-0.520) was lower than in the control group 0.288 (0.205-0.679) (p less than 0.05); the reduction of UCa was larger with 0.8 P supplementation: 0.047 (0.023-0.163) (p less than 0.01). P supplementation induced no change in serum Ca concentration but a slight and significant increase in serum iPTH was observed only with the 0.8 P supplementation: 55 microliters Eq/ml (less than 25-80) (p less than 0.05). With 0.8 P supplementation there was no significant change of plasma 1,25-OH-D concentration: 173 pmol/l (106-271) vs. 255 (132-293) in the control group. These data show that with 0.8 P supplementation, the hypercalciuria in BM-fed infant disappears without secondary hyperparathyroidism, but without any change in plasma 1,25-OH-D concentration.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 in low-birth-weight neonates.

The pharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 was studied in 21 newborn infants. 11 neonates had received no parenteral loading dose prior to the study (group I), while 10 had been injected 5-10 mg vitamin K1 at birth (group II). At postnatal age 2-9 h, 1 mg of vitamin K1 was injected intravenously, and small samples of blood (less than or equal to 500 microliter) were collected at different times during 6 h. Serum vitamin K1 and its epoxide were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In both groups, the disappearance curve showed two exponential components: a fast distribution component during the 1st h and a slower elimination component during the next 5 h. In group I, the plasma half-life of the first component was between 18 and 52 min (median 23 min), and the half-life of the second was between 67 and 179 min (median 109 min). Both half-lives were significantly higher in group II. The volumes of distribution were suggestive of distribution into plasma during the first phase and roughly into the extracellular water for the second component. Epoxide was detected in most patients 15 min after vitamin K1 injection, and after 3 h its concentration was higher than the concentration of vitamin K1. These data suggest that the kinetics of vitamin K1 in neonates is not very different from that in adults. The newborn infant is able to oxidize vitamin K1, a phenomenon in keeping with the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Neonatal hypercalcemia in preterm infants fed with human milk.

Hypercalcemia (serum Ca greater than or equal to 2.83 mmol/l) was detected in 10 premature infants (gestational age: 31-37 weeks and birthweight: 1100-1950 g). All were fed with pooled human breast milk. Urinary Ca excretion was high (greater than 0.200 mmol/kg/24 h) in all but one infant while serum phosphorus (P) concentration and urinary P excretion were low. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations were normal. A significant positive correlation was found between serum Ca concentration and urinary Ca excretion, and a negative correlation between serum Ca concentration and serum P concentration or urinary P excretion. Hypercalcemia disappeared spontaneously in two patients, was corrected by a humanized milk in three patients and by P supplementation in five patients. These data suggest that neonatal hypercalcemia is related to P depletion induced by human breast milk in premature infants.

Calcifediol↗
PubMed1985

[Role of a hypertonic theophylline solution and blood transfusion in necrotizing colitis].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an hyperosmolar solution of theophylline and of blood transfusion in the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). By the end of 1982, theophylline previously given in alcoholic solution (osmolality greater than 4000 mosm/kg) was given in a preparation of sodium benzoate isoosmotic to the plasma; in addition, blood was irradiated for 20 minutes by X-Rays (5000 rads) before every transfusion. In the same unit of premature infants, the incidence of NEC was 6.7% in 1981-82; it decreased to 2.7% in 1983-84 (p less than 0.02). In the same periods of time, the incidence of NEC in very low birth weight infants (less than 1500 g) decreased from 18% to 4.7% (p less than 0.001) while the number of these very low birth weight infants had increased significantly. The incidence of blood transfusion prior to NEC was found in 67% of the patients. These data suggest a beneficial role of reducing the osmolality of theophylline and of X-Rays irradiation of blood before transfusion as a prophylaxis of NEC in premature infants.

Blood↗
PubMed1985

[Quantitative study of aerobic and anaerobic fecal flora in necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn infant].

A quantitative study of the fecal flora was carried out in 21 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), (4 infants being born at term) and 57 control infants (30 born at term and 27 born before term). In the population as a whole Klebsiella was detected more frequently in NEC than in the controls. This was especially true in premature infants where Klebsiella was found in 65% of the affected infants versus 33% of the controls (p less than 0,05), while no Klebsiella was detected in the 4 term infants with NEC and in 87% of the term controls. These data suggest that Klebsiella could play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC, especially in the premature infant. Therefore, it seems required to avoid the artificial selection of Klebsiella in the neonate.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗