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Biomedical subjects

L Salminen

Publications and source records attributed to L Salminen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cloxacillin distribution in the rabbit eye after intravenous injection.

Distribution of isotopically labelled and intravenously injected cloxacillin was studied in rabbit eye. The antibiotic concentration determined by liquid scintillation counting proved to be a reliable measure of the total antibiotic concentration when controlled by microbiological assay. In the rabbit eye after an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of cloxacillin sodium, longlasting antibiotic concentration regarded as therapeutic against penicillinase producing staphylococci was obtained in all vascularized ocular structures and in the cornea. The antibiotic present in the iris and ciliary body, and in the retina and choroid preparations, proved to be partly intravascular, whereas it penetrated better into the extravascular tissue compartment of the sclera and limbal area. Cloxacillin failed to achieve a therapeutic antibiotic concentration in the vitreous body and in the lens. Administration of probenecid had an enhancing effect on ocular cloxacillin concentration allowing improved drug diffusion into the eye by means of an elevated plasma concentration. No specific ocular effect of probenecid was noticed. Therapeutic concentration of cloxacillin in the aqueous humour, otherwise barely achieved, was more satisfactorily obtained with a previous injection of probenecid.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of paracentesis on ocular cloxacillin concentration.

The effect of anterior chamber puncture on cloxacillin concentration in the rabbit eye after intravenous injection was studied using a radioactive tracer method. The enhancement in drug concentration caused by paracentesis was most immediate and significant in the iris-ciliary body preparation. It was soon followed by high cloxacillin concentration in the aqueous humour, which contributed to elevated cloxacillin levels in the cornea, lens and anterior vitreous body, when compared to normal material. Contrary to normal eyes, cloxacillin concentration in the cornea of the punctured eyes was higher than in the limbal area. The morphological changes occurring after paracentesis are discussed. The breakdown of the hydrodynamic equilibrium in the eye, suggested as the only change after paracentesis by Raviola (1974), cannot merely explain the cloxacillin concentration changes measured in the punctured eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ampicillin penetration into the rabbit eye.

Distribution of intravenously injected ampicillin of 50 mg/kg was studied in the rabbit eye using radioactive tracer method. Antibiotic concentration regarded as therapeutic in the treatment of gram-negative organisms was obtained in all vascularized ocular structures. Intermediate values were measured from the cornea and aqueous humour. In the vitreous body and lens, ampicillin was unable to approach a concentration that would be effective against the common gram-negative organisms. The low ampicillin concentration in the vitreous body and lens was unchanged by systemically administered probenecid, which in other parts of the eye caused significantly higher ampicillin levels.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Penetration of ocular compartments by tetracyclines. I. An experimental study with tetracycline.

Total antibiotic concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride was determined in the ocular structures of rabbits by radioactive tracer method. Concentration of tetracycline of 0.1 to 5 microgram/g, adequate to inhibit the growth of bacteria of high or medium susceptibility, was measured from all ocular structures with the exception of the lens. Tetracycline concentration in the aqueous humor was inferior to that in the vascularized ocular tissues and to that in the cornea. Vitreous body tetracycline level, about 0.3 microgram/g, was about half of the concentration in the aqueous humor. The disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier following paracentesis led to an immediate increase of tetracycline concentration in the anterior structures of the eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Penetration of ocular compartments by tetracyclines. II. An experimental study with doxycycline.

Using radioactive tracer method the distribution of intravenously injected doxycycline of 7 mg/kg was studied in the rabbit eye. Long-lasting antibiotic concentration of 1 microgram/g or more was measured from all vascularized ocular structures. Vitreous body doxycycline concentration, almost equal to that of aqueous humor, was 0.3 microgram/g. Doxycycline concentration in the cornea exceeded that in the aqueous humor. In all vascularized ocular structures plasma antibiotic concentration was at least once achieved, indicating good penetrability of doxycycline into the tissues. This good penetrability is obviously related to the high lipoidsolubility of doxycycline, whereas its high protein binding is reflected in low concentrations in the aqueous humor.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Eye injuries cuased by tear-gas hand weapons.

Six patients hospitalized by eye injuries caused by tear-gas hand weapons are presented. Five of the lesions resulted from a short-distance shot of aerosol irritant projectors. Severe swelling and bloodshot of the lids and conjunctiva occurred in all cases. Epithelial defects, swelling and blurring of the parenchym were observed in the cornea. The treatment of each case took weeks, even months. Such an injury can because of scars in the cornea permanently lower the visual acuity.

Adult↗