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Biomedical subjects

L Salminen

Publications and source records attributed to L Salminen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ocular distribution of topically applied adrenaline in albino and pigmented rabbits.

Systemic absorption, ocular distribution and ocular metabolism in albino and pigmented rabbit of topically applied 1% [3H]l-adrenaline eye drops was studied by liquid scintillation counting and thin layer chromatography. The effect of adrenaline on the pupillary diameter was also registered. The peak plasma level of adrenaline was reached at 150 min. The corneal adrenaline metabolism was substantial, but did not vary with the rabbit strain. At 30 min after instillation, the total adrenaline concentration of pigmented iris and ciliary body exceeded that of corresponding albino tissues. At 180 min the drug concentration of the iris and ciliary body did not differ between the rabbit strains. The time course of adrenaline induced mydriasis was equal in both rabbit strains. Since neither total adrenaline concentration at 180 min nor the time course of adrenaline induced mydriasis differed between the rabbit strains, the higher initial adrenaline uptake by pigmented tissues is not explained by pigment binding. It is proposed that the increased initial binding of adrenaline by pigmented tissues is caused by a difference between pigmented and albino tissues in the number of adrenergic neurones; this is also supported by the literature.

Albinism↗
PubMed1983

Prolonged pulse-entry of pilocarpine with a soluble drug insert.

Apparent biophase availability of pilocarpine was studied in the eyes of albino rabbits. Pilocarpine doses of 0.85 and 2.30 mg in aqueous solutions, 1.00 mg in oil and 0.85 mg in a solid insert, were applied ocularly. The insert was a water soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix, which released 80% of its pilocarpine content in 35 min in vitro. In the inferior fornix of the eye this insert gelled in about 5 min and dissolved in 1 h. Pupillary diameters were measured and converted to values for the response parameter (RP). Time delay and magnitude of peak response, apparent biophasic availability (area under the curve of RP vs time), and a constant for the apparent rate of elimination were calculated from RP values. The time delay for the peak response was 16.l3-24.0 min, and the constant for apparent rate of elimination was 0.69-0.81 h-1. Neither time delay nor this constant was affected by the dose or the dosage form. Magnitude of the peak response and apparent biophasic availability were influenced by the vehicle and the dose: insert (0.85 mg) greater than oily solution (1.00 mg) greater than aqueous solution (2.30 mg) greater than aqueous solution (0.85 mg). The insert and oily solution did not show vehicle-controlled drug absorption and can be regarded as prolonged pulse-entry medication.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Orbital laceration caused by a blast of water: report of 2 cases.

Two cases of orbital injuries caused by the jet of water from an irrigation sprinkler are described; they were of a type not previously reported. The jet of water, possessing high kinetic energy, stretched the orbital tissues and resulted in a rupture which followed the anatomical seams. Thus there was no bleeding, but oedema was present. The eyeball was also injured.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[An iatrogenic epidemic of ophthalmia neonatorum (author's transl)].

Report on an epidemic of five cases of ophthalmia neonatorum caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patients represented about 8% of the infants born and treated in one department during a period of six weeks. In four cases the ON was protracted in two patients it was complicated by dacryostenosis. At first all the patients were treated with locally administered chloramphenicol, to which pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant. The three cases the serous secretion ended after opening of the lacrimal ducts together with local treatment with polymyxin, neomycin and gramicidin. In one case the pseudomonas aerginosa, together with S. aureus found in the secretion in vitro, was found to be sensitive to a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, given perorally, which terminated the secretion. The epidemic was evidently caused by the use of contaminated water in the nursery room.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Chlamydial immunofluorescence serology in anterior uveitis.

Chlamydial immunofluorescence (IF) serology was determined in 118 patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU), half of whom had anti-chlamydia antibodies. Men and women were equally affected. The chlamydial IF antibody titre was generally 1/16-64, but a few higher values were also measured. The age distribution, ocular pathology, and duration of AAU were identical in the chlamydial seropositive and seronegative patient groups. In the seropositive group there were 3 men with Reiter's syndrome. The prevalence of anti-chlamydia antibodies (50%) was higher than in other patients studied in the same laboratory. Further population studies are in progress to see whether our AAU patients represent an accumulation of chlamydial-positive persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ocular kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen. An experimental study with pigmented and albino rabbits without UVA-stimulation.

Tritiated 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), with radioactivity in the ring system, was injected into both pigmented rabbits and albino rabbits; at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after 8-MOP injection the animals' plasma and ocular radioactivities were determined by liquid scintillation counting. The experiment was done without photostimulation but in incomplete darkness. The plasma radioactivity declined rapidly during the first hour, peak radioactivity occurring in the first samples of vascularized ocular structures taken 0.5 h after the injection. The radioactivity of these tissues generally declined rapidly and similarly in both animal groups. The 1, 2, and 4 h samples of pigmented animals formed an exception; in these the radioactivities in the iris-ciliary body and the retina-choroid of the pigmented animals showed increased activities that were statistically significant, and the plasma radioactivity was exceeded by two to three times. The radioactivities in the internal parts of the eye were lower than in the vascular parts. The radioactivity in the lens reached a peak in the specimens taken 1-2 h after injection and remained at the level of the plasma radioactivity for the rest of the 24 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Tachyphylaxis in timolol therapy for chronic glaucoma (author's transl)].

Forty-three patients with open-angle glaucoma were treated locally with 0.5% Timolol. The drop in intraocular pressure on the day following commencement of Timolol therapy was remarkable. However, 14 patients, ten of whom had responded insufficiently to other glaucoma drugs, developed tachyphylaxis either two or three days after being put on Timolol therapy; in some cases tachyphylaxis was observed in follow-up examinations two months later. Intraocular pressure in these eyes was in some cases even higher than it had been prior to treatment with Timolol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oily vehicle on ocular pilocarpine concentration.

The effect of 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) vehicle and of castor oil vehicle on ocular pilocarpine concentration was studied by radioactive method in the rabbit eye. Statistically higher radioactivities were measured from the anterior surface structures of the eyes dropped with oily vehicle when compared to PVA vehicle at 120 min. It is concluded that the conjunctiva and the cornea serve as a drug reservoir for the longlasting drug effect observed in the literature after oily pilocarpine drops.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Differences in permeability for FITC-dextrane in cornea neovascularisation (author's transl)].

3 weeks after NaOH cauterization of rat corneas, the newly formed vessels were angiographically investigated by means of FITC dextran fractions. An angiographic picture similar to that of fluorescein Na was observed after intravenous administration of FD 3. A minimum diffusion of FD 40 could only be detected in the area of the distal terminal loops of the newly formed corneal vessels. FD 70 and FS 150 shoed an angiographically similar behaviour with no diffusion in the whole area of neovascularization.

Animals↗