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Biomedical subjects

L Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to L Robinson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Serological screening test for infectious mononucleosis using papain-treated sheep erythrocytes.

A screening test for infectious mononucleosis is described, based on the fact that antibodies against sheep red cells remaining after absorption of the serum by papain-treated sheep red cells appear to be specific for the disease. The test appears to be more useful in diagnosis than classical absorption techniques and has the advantage of being specific while maintaining a high degree of sensitivity.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Split genes and muscular dystrophy.

Recent developments in molecular biology have shown that some genes are split into segments, each coding for part of a protein. The intervening segments are transcribed but later excised, and the messenger RNA is spliced back together again before translation into protein begins. Abnormalities in the nontranslated segments would not be reflected in abnormal protein structure but, presumably, in the control of syntehsis of a particular protein. The muscular dystrophies may be an example of this class of disease. They are particularly amenable to investigation of this idea because muscle produces large amounts of relatively few proteins, facilitating isolation of the appropriate messenger RNA.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoke inhalation injuries.

Up to a third of all victims of major burns suffer smoke-related injury and may die as a result of inhalation injury. The management of the upper airway depends on a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of injury, including carbon monoxide toxicity, thermal injury, and smoke inhalation. Establishing and maintaining an airway for resuscitation requires a high index of suspicion, as early and severe upper airway swelling may preclude safe intubation under direct vision. Nasotracheal intubation is preferred in burn patients but is only indicated for patients in acute respiratory distress and a select group at high risk for developing progressive upper airway compromise and pulmonary injury. The use of the flexible bronchoscope and nasopharyngoscope is a safe and effective means of evaluating the respiratory tract and assisting in pulmonary therapy. Early tracheotomy is indicated only in rare cases because of increased morbidity and mortality in burn patients. The use of steroids is still controversial and is probably indicated only for refractory bronchospasm or secretions. Aggressive evaluation and management of inhalation burns will reduce the mortality rate of a frequently fatal injury.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traceless, self-cleaving solid- and solution-phase parallel synthesis of 3,4,7-trisubstituted 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones.

This article describes a new methodology for the parallel synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones containing three points of diversity. The synthesis begins with commercially available resin-bound alpha-amino acids as the source of the first diversity element and employs a combination of solid- and solution-phase chemistry to introduce the other two. The key step is an intramolecular cyclization and simultaneous traceless cleavage from the solid support to give a disubstituted 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one. The third substituent is introduced in solution by N-alkylation of the aniline nitrogen using a scavenger resin to dispose of excess reagent. All the reactions in the sequence take place at room temperature without the need to use strong acids or to maintain an inert atmosphere, thereby preserving the chiral integrity of the starting alpha-amino acid and facilitating the generation of libraries in a high-throughput parallel format.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sibling bereavement: a concept analysis.

Investigators of sibling bereavement contend that the death of a sibling represents a unique and intense loss experience. The empirical literature, however, lacks conceptual clarity about the characteristics of sibling bereavement. Metaphors of siblingship are widely applied and may compromise the integrity of theory development specific to sibling bereavement, particularly as this knowledge base is broadened. There is an immediate need to extend the descriptive knowledge base for sibling bereavement beyond adolescence, in large part to prepare to address the needs of the great number of adults whose brothers and sisters have died as a result of AIDS. The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of sibling bereavement by reviewing the empirical literature and by applying the Wilsonian Method (1963) of concept analysis. A preliminary model addressing the factors of critical attributes and personal outcome variables for bereavement research specific to sibling loss is presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model of survivors' psychological responses following a residential fire.

Residential fires result in loss of life, property, and displacement from one's neighborhood. It would be expected that grief experienced in the aftermath of residential fires has a significant impact on survivor's recovery and reintegration into the community. Although there is some research on psychological responses to community-wide fires and large scale disasters, little is known about such responses among survivors of home fires that occur episodically. Appropriate interventions cannot be developed until more is learned about variables influencing survivors' psychological response to a residential fire. A theoretical model of survivors' psychological response post-fire is proposed.

Disasters↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of home nursing care for patients during terminal illness on the bereaved's psychological distress.

BACKGROUND: Although some studies have examined the effects of terminal illness care models such as hospice care on survivor outcomes, no studies could be found that examined whether nursing care affected such outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether specialized oncology home care services provided to terminally ill patients with lung cancer positively influenced bereavement psychological distress among survivors, compared with other models of care. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed to test the effects of home nursing care for terminally ill patients on spousal psychological distress during bereavement. Forty-six patient-spousal dyads were randomly assigned to either an oncology home care group (OHC), a standard home care group, or an office care control group. Patient-spousal dyads were entered into the study 2 months after the patient's diagnosis of lung cancer and received follow-up until the patient died. Bereaved spouses continued to receive follow-up for 25 months after the patient's death. RESULTS: Psychological distress was significantly lower initially among spouses of patients that received the OHC intervention compared with the other two groups. Significant mean group differences were found on the subscales of depression and paranoid ideation; marginal group differences were found on the subscales of hostility and psychoticism. There were no significant differences among the groups at 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the bereaved's psychological distress can be positively influenced depending on how their loved one is cared for during the terminal phase of illness.

Bereavement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic characteristics, fire experiences, and distress of residential fire survivors.

The United States has one of the highest per capita fire death rates in the world. Death rates alone, however, fail to reflect the breadth of loss experienced by residential fire survivors. Despite the frequency of home fires and the potential for loss, little is known about this vulnerable population. Interviews were conducted with 440 fire survivors 14 weeks after fires. Demographic characteristics of residential fire survivors, survivors' fire experiences, psychological distress after fires and the interrelationships among these variables were examined. This sample of urban fire survivors largely comprised poor, middle-aged African American women. Psychological distress was measured by the General Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the results showed that survivors were highly distressed, even in the absence of fire-related death or physical injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized test development software. A comparative review updated.

This article provides a comparative review of nine commercially available software programs: A+ Test Manager and Test Taker, CATSoftware, Diploma 97, Examaker for Windows, FastTEST, Microtest Pro, Pedagogue, Question Mark, and Test Construction Set. Issues for using test development software are covered including security, pedagogical uses, and test design and administration. Nurse educators are encouraged to consider the unique needs of each setting when selecting a software package to support test development and administration.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗