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Biomedical subjects

L Moore

Publications and source records attributed to L Moore.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Warning! Schools can damage your health: alienation from school and its impact on health behaviour.

An international study of health behaviour among school-age children was co-ordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The data were obtained from a self-completion questionnaire examining key health behaviours and associated psycho-social variables obtained from representative samples of young people in school aged 11.5, 13.5, and 15.5 years. The analysis focuses on the relationship between older (15.5 years) students' attitudes towards school and health behaviours such as regular smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and food choices. The data show a strong and progressive relationship between indicators of 'alienation' from school, and health compromising behaviours among school students from Australia and Wales. This relationship is most obvious with the 'abusive' behaviours of smoking and alcohol misuse. Summary data for nine other countries in the WHO study indicate that this relationship is found consistently across all countries in the study. This substantial minority of students (approximately 30% varying between countries) represents an important target population for efforts to promote healthy lifestyles. Traditional school health education is seen as insufficient to tackle this task and recommendations are made concerning change to the school environment and ethos, and the need to reach young people in their home and community settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Co-occurrence of substance use and loneliness as a risk factor for adolescent hopelessness.

This research among a sample of 1,915 Mississippi adolescents investigated whether lonely adolescents who use illicit substances were at increased risk of hopelessness. Relative risk of scoring within the severe hopelessness range was 6.9 for non-substance users who were lonely and 4.2 for substance users who were not lonely. Yet, relative risk for severe hopelessness in substance-using lonely adolescents was 25.2. Lonely, substance-using adolescents were 25 times more likely to be severely hopeless than the reference group composed of non-substance using, not-lonely adolescents. Lonely adolescents who get drunk also were 15.9 times more likely to be severely hopeless than the reference group. Because hopelessness often is an indicator of suicidal behavior, these results may have important implications for school health adolescent suicide prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Observer reliability in assessing villitis of unknown aetiology.

AIMS: To evaluate observer variation in diagnosis of villitis of unknown aetiology. METHODS: Fifty haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were circulated to three pathologists who were asked to assess if villitis was present. These slides, with an additional 20, were recirculated and reassessed by the same pathologists. RESULTS: Intra-observer agreement was 84.7% (range 74--92%) and interobserver agreement was 81%. A conjoint review by the three pathologists revealed that sources of differences included the overlooking of isolated single or small numbers of affected villi, the difficulty in assessing stromal cellularity close to infarcted parenchyma, and apparent stromal hypercellularity in immature villi. CONCLUSIONS: Experienced pathologists can show a significant interobserver variation in assessing villitis of unknown aetiology. Future studies on villitis of unknown aetiology should address the problem of observer reproducibility of diagnosis.

Chorionic Villi↗
PubMed1993

Test and teach. Number seventy-three. Diagnosis: Alexander's disease.

Alexander's disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder developing in early childhood which is characterized by accumulation of Rosenthal fibres throughout the cerebral white matter. These fibres are composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquinated alpha beta crystallin. The absence of atypia, increased cellularity, mitotic activity or necrosis in biopsy material allows differentiation from neoplasia glial processes. Clinical features suggestive of the diagnosis include progressive mental retardation with an increase in head circumference.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1993

DNA analysis and clinical outcome in pediatric adrenal cortical tumors.

Adrenal cortical neoplasms are uncommon and it is often difficult to separate benign tumors from those that are malignant. Histology does not provide a reliable guide, particularly in pediatric cases. It has been suggested that analysis of nuclear DNA content may complement conventional histopathologic methods in the diagnosis of malignancy. Six previously reported adrenal cortical tumors from children aged 6 mths to 6 yrs were analysed using a CAS 200 image analysis system which provided DNA histograms on each of the cases. In 5 cases a significant proportion of the tumors showed aneuploidy and in only one case did most of the tumor cells show a diploid pattern. All 6 cases were treated with surgery alone with long term survival and follow up of 2-15 yrs except in one child with a histologically benign aneuploid tumor who died post-operatively from measles pneumonia. No correlation between histological appearance, outcome and ploidy was seen. The aneuploid tumors included those classified by current histological methods as benign (1), indeterminant (2) and malignant (2). The one diploid tumor seen was a large tumor of indeterminant malignancy that did not recur. Although the series is quite small these observations suggest that abnormalities of DNA content may not provide an objective measure of the malignant potential of adrenal cortical tumors in children.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Anesthetic considerations in patients with hyperparathyroidism.

Although there is controversy over which patients should undergo parathyroidectomy, some patients clearly benefit from the procedure. This case illustrates typical findings in a patient with a parathyroid adenoma. Preoperative hydration and electrolyte balance and selection of anesthetic drugs that were easily titrated was associated with a smooth intraoperative course on this patient. Mild hypocalcemia postoperatively was quickly recognized and treated.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Sudden and unexpected death in childhood due to a colloid cyst of the third ventricle.

A nine-year-old boy died suddenly and unexpectedly following a two day history of intermittent headaches. At autopsy a colloid cyst of the third ventricle was found that had obstructed the foramen of Monro and caused hydrocephalus with prominent cerebral edema. Colloid cysts are rare entities in childhood and are not usually included in the differential diagnosis of pediatric sudden death. This report describes the clinicopathological features of such a case.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Late direct angioplasty in patients with myocardial infarction and fluctuating chest pain.

Myocardial infarctions may be associated with reduced but persistent blood flow to the infarct zone. We developed clinical criteria to select patients likely to have persistent perfusion to the infarct zone in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-four consecutive patients with fluctuating pain and/or ST segment elevation who presented within 24 hours of the onset of infarction were studied with coronary angiography followed by direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Sixty-seven percent of patients had residual flow to the infarct territory. Eighteen patients had repeat angiography on day 9.4 +/- 4.1, and all arteries were patent (21% +/- 12% stenosis). Ejection fraction had risen from 50.0% +/- 15% to 54.0% +/- 14% (p less than 0.05). At follow-up (9.1 +/- 4.6 months), one patient died of noncardiac causes, and five redeveloped angina and underwent repeat procedures. Patients with fluctuating symptoms and/or ST segments are likely to have residual flow to the infarct zone, and late angioplasty may improve ventricular function in this group.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1992

Clostridium botulinum and sudden infant death syndrome: a 10 year prospective study.

It has been proposed that sudden and unexpected death in infants due to intestinal infection with Clostridium botulinum may mimic the clinicopathological features of sudden infant death syndrome. Between 3.3 and 3.8% of infants in some series have had this neurotoxin-producing bacterium isolated on faecal culture. Prospective screening of 248 infants presenting with the sudden infant death syndrome to the Adelaide Children's Hospital over a 10 year period from 1981 to 1990 was conducted. Faecal samples were obtained from both small and large intestines and cultured specifically for C. botulinum. No samples were positive. The results of this study suggest that routine post-mortem culture of faeces for C. botulinum has been of limited use within the South Australian infant population over the last decade, and that occult botulism has not been a significant factor in the causation of sudden death.

Botulism↗
PubMed1992

Demographic characteristics and health behaviours of consenters to medical examination. Results from the Welsh Heart Health Survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare the demographic characteristics and health related behaviours of people who consented to a medical examination as part of a population survey with those who did not. STUDY DESIGN: The study formed part of the (1985) Welsh Heart Health Survey, which comprised a three stage design involving household interview, self completion questionnaire, and medical examination. Subjects for medical examination were selected from responders to the questionnaire survey (67%). Sixty six per cent of this group consented to medical examination (n = 11,637). Odds ratio analysis techniques were used to compare consenters and non-consenters. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The analysis was based on self reported information available from previously completed questionnaires, and from personal interviews. The study supported the findings of previous research indicating that consenters to medical examination are more likely to be from non-manual social groups, to be aged 25-44 years, to be educated beyond school age, and to be married. Individuals with healthy lifestyle characteristics (diet, physical activity) were overrepresented among consenters. The only exception to this finding was in relation to excessive alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasise the importance of maximising response rates in all forms of social research including surveys with a clinical component. They also have methodological and analytical implications for the Welsh Heart Health Survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

White sponge nevus presenting in the esophagus--case report and literature review.

White sponge nevus (WSN) is a rare inherited disorder which usually presents as non-painful white plaques primarily involving the buccal mucosa, gingiva and palate. Extra-oral lesions most often occur in the esophagus or anogenital area but almost invariably follow the development of typical buccal lesions. We present a non-familial case in which the first manifestation of the disease was in the esophagus in the absence of oral lesions. This sequence of events has not previously been reported in the literature. The cytohistological and electron microscopical appearances which allow the recognition and differentiation of WSN from other conditions presenting as esophageal white lesions are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Sudden death in early infancy due to delayed cardiac tamponade complicating central venous line insertion and cardiac catheterization.

Cardiac tamponade is an unusual cause of sudden death in the first weeks of life. We present two cases of cardiac tamponade in the neonatal period that caused death 5 to 6 days following the insertion of intracardiac lines, to draw attention to the possibility of a "delay phenomenon" between the time of the initial procedure and the occurrence of sudden and unexpected death. The presence of blood or clear fluid within the pericardial sac should prompt careful examination of the myocardium for small foci of traumatic damage, particularly when the fluid is under pressure or of large volume. Although the development of circulatory impairment or shock in the days following central line insertion or catheterization raises the possibility of tamponade, it should be noted that sudden death may occur in the absence of any significant antemortem symptoms or signs.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1991

Potentiation of the toxicity of model hepatotoxicants by acetaminophen.

A 24-hr oral pretreatment of rats with 1.6 g/kg acetaminophen potentiated hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol, bromobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and thioacetamide, as assessed by elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and histopathological examination. Doses, of these hepatotoxicants, which did not cause hepatocellular necrosis, became necrogenic after acetaminophen pretreatment with all toxicants except thioacetamide. Acetaminophen pretreatment did not decrease the threshold dose of toxicity for thioacetamide but did accentuate hepatotoxic doses. Acetaminophen pretreatment potentiated lethality of allyl alcohol and 1,1-dichloroethylene. Upon necropsy, these rats had congested livers and appeared to suffer from hypovolemic shock. We conclude that while acetaminophen was not necrogenic at the doses used in this study, it produced alterations that make hepatocytes much more susceptible to hepatotoxic insult.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1991

Cocaine and the use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy.

Recent reports of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with prenatal cocaine exposure have raised questions about the actual numbers of infants who are exposed to cocaine in utero. Whereas toxicologic urine screens obtained at delivery can detect cocaine use in the preceding few days, they fail to yield a comprehensive picture of use during and immediately before pregnancy. According to postpartum self-report, 15% of a teaching hospital sample and 3% of a private hospital sample of mothers had used cocaine during pregnancy or in the previous month (total = 876). Rates at the teaching hospital reflect a fifteenfold increase over the past 12-year period, when compared with previously obtained data. Cocaine users were significantly more likely to report that they drank alcohol, smoked cigarettes, and took other illicit drugs during pregnancy than women who denied using cocaine. Mothers at highest risk for cocaine use were those who were black (20%), were single-separated-divorced (24% to 33%), and had less than a high school education (21%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The relationship of tonsil bacterial concentration to surface and core cultures in chronic tonsillar disease in children.

Fifty-five tonsils removed for chronic tonsillar disease (chronic tonsillitis and obstructive tonsillar hyperplasia) underwent surface swab and quantitative core cultures in order to identify the relationship between core bacterial concentration and the presence of aerobic bacteria on the tonsil surface. The accuracy of a single core culture was further established by quantitative cultures of 9 sections per tonsil in an additional 19 tonsils. The results indicate that many (61.5%) but not all aerobic bacteria which were found in the tonsil core were cultured from the surface of the tonsil. Conversely, the tonsil core bacteria with the highest bacterial concentrations are more likely to be present on the tonsillar surface and the greater the bacterial concentration, the more likely the bacteria are to be found in most if not all areas of the tonsil core. Therefore, the core bacterial concentration appears to be related to the presence of aerobic bacteria on the tonsillar surface. Surface bacteria may not, however, be truly representative of the core bacterial environment. Implications for the management of chronic tonsillar disease will be discussed.

Bacteria↗